Motor and cognitive outcome at school age of children with surgically treated intestinal obstructions in the neonatal period

Background

The motor and cognitive outcome at school age of newborn children with surgically treated intestinal obstructions is unknown. Physiological stress and anesthesia may potentially be harmful in the period of early brain development in newborn infants.

Objective

To determine motor and cognitive outcome at school age in children with surgically treated intestinal obstructions as newborns, and to identify clinical risk factors for adverse outcome.

Study design

Cohort study of infants born between 1995 and 2002 with atresia, stenosis, or intestinal malrotation. At 6 to 13 years we assessed their motor functions, intelligence, attention, visual perception, visuomotor integration, and verbal memory.

Results

Of 44 children three (7%) died. Twenty-seven survivors (66%) were included for follow-up (median gestational age 36.7 weeks, birth weight 3000 g). Motor outcome was abnormal (< 5th percentile) in 22% of the children, which was significantly more than in the norm population (P < 0.01). Scores on selective attention were abnormal in 15% of the children (P < 0.01). Other cognitive functions were not affected. Lower birth weight and intestinal perforation were risk factors for poorer motor outcome (R² = 53.0%), intrauterine growth restriction was a risk factor for poorer selective attention (R² = 36.6%).

Conclusions

Children treated surgically for intestinal obstructions in the neonatal period had an increased risk for poor motor functioning and selective attention at school age. Low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction and intestinal perforation were risk factors for adverse outcome. We recommend to closely follow the motor and attentional development of these children.     

Lack of developmental improvement on a face memory task during adolescence in autism

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are associated with abnormalities in face memory, which evidence suggests has a protracted development through adolescence. The development of face memory in people with and without ASD, from 9 to 29 years old, was examined using the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). Results indicate that the developmental improvement evident from adolescence to adulthood typically was not apparent in individuals with ASD. While children and adolescents with ASD performed similarly to typically developing individuals comparable in age and IQ, adults with ASD displayed limitations on the CFMT. The pattern of performance was constant across conditions despite differences in the timing of the presentation and delay. This atypical development in ASD is consistent with the view that the processing of complex visual stimuli continues to develop through adolescence, along with the function and structure of the temporal lobes, but that this process is disrupted in ASD. This result underscores the importance of characterizing adolescent development for understanding ASD, and suggests additional opportunities for intervention.     

器质性脑损害对老年人智力的影响

用长谷川式老年人用简易智力表,对53例器质性脑损害的老年人进行测验。结果表明,器质性脑损害对老年人的智力有显著影响。智力障碍的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且大脑左右半球及病程长短对智力的影响无显著性差异。多发性脑梗塞对智力的影响最明显,脑出血居第二位。     

父母生存质量对学龄儿童智力和个性发育的影响

目的 探讨父母生存质量对学龄儿童智力及个性发育的影响。方法 采用联合型瑞智力测验（CRT－C2），艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）对哈尔滨市1961名城乡7－12岁学龄儿童进行智力及个性发育测试，同时采用WHO生存质量测定量表简表（WHOQOL－BREF）对其父母进行生存质量问卷调查。结果 单因素分析发现，父母生存质量的生理，心理领域均对儿童智力，个性发育有显影响（P＜0．001）。结论父母生存质量对学龄儿童智力及个性发育有明显影响，改善家庭成员的生存质量对提高儿童心理健康水平有重要意义。     

全民食盐加碘对儿童智力发育的影响

[目的]了解全民食盐加碘对碘缺乏病区出生儿童智商的影响。[方法]用联合型瑞文测验测定儿童智商(IQ)，调查分析社会-经济-文化因素对智力的影响，测定尿碘水平、盐碘含量和甲状腺肿大情况。[结果]实施全民食盐加碘21年后，儿童甲状腺肿大率由57．4％下降到2．5％，尿碘水平由24．9μg／克肌酐升至209．6μg／L；补碘后出生的儿童IQ均值非常显著地高于补碘前，智力低下的发生率明显低于补碘前出生儿；将社会-经济-文化因素与儿童的智商进行多元逐步回归分析，R^2=0．314。[结论]实施全民食盐加碘是促进儿童智力发育的重要因素。     

Y chromosome STR typing in crime casework

Since the beginning of the nineties the field of forensic Y chromosome analysis has been successfully developed to become commonplace in laboratories working in crime casework all over the world. The ability to identify male-specific DNA renders highly variable Y-chromosomal polymorphisms, the STR sequences, an invaluable addition to the standard panel of autosomal loci used in forensic genetics. The male-specificity makes the Y chromosome especially useful in cases of male/female cell admixture, namely in sexual assault cases. On the other hand, the haploidy and patrilineal inheritance complicates the interpretation of a Y-STR match, because male relatives share for several generations an identical Y-STR profile. Since paternal relatives tend to live in the geographic and cultural territory of their ancestors, the Y chromosome analysis has a potential to make inferences on the population of origin of a given DNA profile. This review addresses the fields of application of Y chromosome haplotyping, the interpretation of results, databasing efforts and population genetics aspects.     

精神分裂症患者自知力与智力的关系

目的：了解精神分裂症患者自知力与智力的关系。方法：对７５例精神分裂症患者出院前１周内做智力测验并测定症状及自知力恢复情况，在背景材料一致下比较自知力与智力的关系。结果：患者自知力恢复越完全，其言语ＩＱ、操作ＩＱ及总ＩＱ显著高；右力差者中４５．９％属智力障碍。结论：自知力恢复受智力水平的影响。     

中山市精神残疾、智力残疾流行病学调查

目的：了解中山市精神残疾和智力残疾流行病学情况；方法：采用WH0提供，1982年和1993年两次全国精神疾病流行学调查使用的方法，使用我国精神残疾与智力残疾评定工具，对确诊的未治愈患者进行残疾评定。结果：在调查人口中残疾率为17．20‰，其中精神残疾率为7．79‰，智力残疾为9．41‰；在≥15岁中，精神残疾率为9．97‰，多为精神分裂症所致；≥7岁中，智力残疾率为10．26‰，多为精神发育迟滞所致。结论：应加强对精神分裂症和精神发育迟滞的防治及其康复医疗。     

情商与智商相结合教学模式在医学生培养中的实践探索

本文探讨了情商与智商相结合教学模式在医学教育中的积极作用。将广州医学院2003级五年制医学专业200名医学生分为新教学模式实验组和常规教学模式对照组,测试比较两组医学生的情商相关指标评分和智商相关指标评分。结果表明,实验组学生情商相关指标评分和智商相关指标评分均高于对照组,两组学生评分比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。显然,情商和智商是密切关联的。高等医学院校应当适应医学模式的转变,在加强对医学生专业知识和技术教育的同时,更应注重加强情商教育。