Role of major adipokines in hypertension: A literature review

The incidence and prevalence of hypertension are increasing as a consequence of the obesity epidemic. Adipocytes and their variety of factors make contributions to the long-term regulation of blood pressure. The pathophysiologic states of hypertension, including obesity, are regulated by the production of adipocyte-derived factors. Increased body mass index was closely linked to elevated blood pressure. Mostly the hypertensive subjects were obese as well as overweight. There are numerous adipokines, however, this review article only focuses on the major adipokines including chemerin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, omentin-1, lipocalin-2, vaspin, progranulin, complement c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein, and nesfatin-1 role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This review article concludes the significant association of major adipokines in the pathogenesis of hypertensives. New research should be focused on other newly reported adipokine roles in hypertensive subjects and the management of these adipokines in hypertensive subjects. The discovery of this information could result in the creation of antihypertensive medications, particularly those that focus on obesity-related hypertension.     

Elevated serum chemerin concentrations are associated with renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients

Aim

Chemerin, a new adipocytokine, has been suggested to be linked to obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The association of plasma chemerin levels with diabetic nephropathy, however, is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether plasma chemerin levels are associated with renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods

A total of 116 type 2 diabetic patients and 38 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of chemerin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Serum chemerin was significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria compared with control subjects and diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. No differences were found in the level of serum chemerin between diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria and control subjects. Serum chemerin was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and serum triglycerides, and negatively correlated with creatinine clearance Stepwise regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance and serum creatinine remained significantly associated with serum chemerin.

Conclusion

Serum chemerin levels are strongly associated with renal function in diabetic patients.     

Chemerin在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及其预后价值

目的 探讨Chemerin在肝细胞癌组织及人肝癌细胞株中的表达及预后价值.方法 采用免疫组化SABC法检测Chemerin蛋白在正常肝组织、肝癌及癌旁配对组织中的表达情况;采用RT-PCR方法检测肝癌组织、人肝癌细胞株以及永生化肝细胞株LO2中Chemerin mRNA的表达情况.结果 Chemerin在肝癌组织中、癌旁配对组织中、正常肝组织中表达阳性率分别为56.67％、90.00％、100％,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).RT-PCR结果显示,Chemerin mRNA在癌旁配对组织中的表达高于相应的肝癌组织(P＜0.05).细胞检测结果发现,Chemerin mRNA在永生化的人肝细胞株LO2中高表达;在人肝癌细胞株中低表达.Chemerin蛋白的表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、HBsAg状态、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平无关,而与淋巴结转移、门静脉癌栓、肝癌分化程度以及TNM分期相关.结论 Chemerin的表达下调可能在肝癌的发生发展及侵袭转移中起重要作用,提示其可能是影响肝癌患者预后的分子标志.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清C反应蛋白、内脂素和Chemerin的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、内脂素(Visfatin)和Chemerin的表达水平及临床意义。方法 66例PCOS患者根据体质量指数(BMI)分为肥胖组和非肥胖组,各33例;根据胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IRI)分为胰岛素抵抗组(n=40)和非胰岛素抵抗组(n=26)。选取同期健康体检者30例为对照组。分别检测PCOS患者和对照组糖脂代谢指标以及C反应蛋白(CRP)、Visfatin和Chemerin水平。结果 1非肥胖组和肥胖组血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、CRP、Visfatin、Chemerin水平均显著高于对照组(P0.01),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平低于对照组(P0.01);肥胖组与非肥胖组之间也有统计学差异(P0.01)。2非胰岛素抵抗组血清TC、LDL、Visfatin和Chemerin水平显著高于对照组(P0.01);胰岛素抵抗组血清TG、TC、LDL、CRP、Visfatin、Chemerin水平显著高于对照组(P0.01),HDL水平低于对照组(P0.01);胰岛素抵抗组与非胰岛素抵抗组之间各指标有统计学差异(P0.05或P0.01)。3相关性分析显示,PCOS患者血清CRP与LDL、HOMA-IRI、BMI呈正相关(P0.05);Visfatin与TC、LDL呈正相关(P0.05),与HDL呈负相关(P0.05);Chemerin与HOMA-IRI、BMI、CRP呈正相关(P0.05),与HDL呈负相关(P0.01)。结论 PCOS患者存在CRP,Visfatin和Chemerin代谢异常,提示可能存在慢性炎症。     

脂肪细胞因子chemerin与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系研究

目的探讨血浆脂肪细胞因子chemerin水平与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系。方法随机选取我院2012年6月~2013年6月脑梗死急性期患者154例,根据斑块的回声特征分为无斑块组(A1组)52例、稳定型斑块组(A2组)54例和不稳定型斑块组(A3组)48例。另选检查无动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的健康者50例为对照组(B组)。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定各组血浆chemerin水平,分析血浆chemerin与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系。结果 (1)无斑块组(A1组)、稳定型斑块组(A2组)血浆Chemerin水平与对照组(B组)无显著性差异(P>0.05);不稳定型斑块组(A3组)血浆Chemerin水平与对照组(B组)差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)血浆脂肪细胞因子Chemerin是不稳定型动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的危险因子(OR>1)。结论脂肪细胞因子Chemerin是不稳定型动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的危险因素。     

西格列汀对肥胖大鼠代谢指标及脂肪因子chemerin脂联素水平的影响

目的：研究西格列汀对肥胖大鼠代谢指标及脂肪因子chemerin、脂联素( ADPN)水平的影响及其可能机制,并探讨chemerin及ADPN与肥胖的关系。方法将30只大鼠随机分为正常对照组( NC组)、肥胖对照组( HF组)和肥胖西格列汀干预组( SP组),ELISA法分别测定干预前后各组大鼠生化指标,Western blot 法检测大鼠脂肪、肝脏、肌肉及肾脏组织chemerin及ADPN蛋白表达水平。结果与NC组相比,HF组大鼠血清chemerin、体质量( BW),空腹血糖( FBG)、胰岛素( FINS)、总胆固醇( TG)、甘油三酯(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMO-IR)增高,血清ADPN及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)降低(P<0．05),HF组大鼠脂肪、肝脏、肌肉及肾脏组织的chemerin蛋白表达量较NC组对应组织的表达量增加(P<0．05),脂肪、肝脏及肌肉组织的ADPN表达量减少(P<0．05)。与HF组相比,SP组大鼠FBG、FINS、TC、TG、LDL-C、HOMO-IR、血清chemerin水平降低, HDL-C及血清ADPN水平升高(P<0．05),脂肪、肝脏、肾脏及肌肉组织的chemerin蛋白表达量减少,脂肪、肌肉组织的ADPN表达增加(P<0．05)。干预前chemerin、ADPN与BW、FBG、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FINS、HOMO-IR有相关性,干预后chemerin、ADPN与BW、LDL-C、FINS、HOMO-IR有相关性,ADPN与HDL-C呈正相关。结论 chemerin及ADPN参与糖脂代谢过程,西格列汀可改善血清学各代谢指标,并通过影响chemerin及ADPN来改善肥胖大鼠胰岛素敏感性。     

Quemerina sérica en una cohorte de pacientes colombianos con osteoartritis primaria

Background and purposeOsteoarthritis (OA) is considered the most common degenerative joint pathology in the adult population, being an important cause of disability worldwide, and its prevalence is increasingly associated with different factors, including obesity. Obesity together with metabolic syndrome have been associated with a pro-inflammatory state due to the release of cytokines that induce changes in cartilage metabolism. Chemerin is an adipokine secreted mainly by adipocytes and its final action is to increase the production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, TNF-α and metalloproteinases by macrophages, dendritic cells and chondrocytes, which are responsible for damage to the articular cartilage. This is one of the reasons that obesity and inflammation have been linked to OA. The main objective of this study is to determine whether the serum chemerin concentrations of a group of patients with primary OA are higher when compared with control individuals. A further purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the presence of obesity/overweight with the severity of the disease measured by a radiological scale.Patients and methodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was carried out where serum chemerin levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay (ELISA), in patients with primary OA of the hip, knee and hand with criteria from the American College Of Rheumatology (ACR) and controls. Radiological studies of patients and controls were analysed to determine the severity of joint involvement using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) classification system. The statistical significance of the difference in serum chemerin values between the two groups was verified and the correlation between the variables of body mass index (BMI) with radiological severity, number of joint regions and serum chemerin levels was analysed.ResultsDuring the period from July 2015 to July 2016, serum samples and radiographs of compromised joints were collected from 40 patients with primary OA who met the inclusion criteria, as well as serum samples from 20 controls. The average concentration of chemerin was higher in the group of patients with OA compared to that of the control group, being 373 ng / ml and 175.55 ng / ml respectively (p<2.2×10⁻¹⁶). No significant associations were found between the different degrees of disease severity measured by the KL radiological scale, such as the number of involved joint regions and BMI.ConclusionsIn a group of patients with primary OA of the hand, knee or hip, the values of chemerin were higher than those found in controls, without significant association with the severity of the disease established radiologically by K/L scale, the number of involved joint regions, and the BMI.     

糖尿病合并MAFLD患者外周血Chemerin与糖脂代谢、内脏脂肪、氧化应激及炎症指标的关系

目的 探究糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)患者外周血Chemerin与糖脂代谢、内脏脂肪、氧化应激及炎症指标的关系.方法 选取DM患者(DM组)84例,DM合并MAFLD患者(DM合并...     

黄连解毒汤对糖尿病大鼠血清chemerin水平的影响

目的研究黄连解毒汤干预糖尿病大鼠血清chemerin水平的变化情况,初步探讨黄连解毒汤改善胰岛素抵抗的作用机制。方法实验采用高脂高糖饮食联合链脲佐菌素（STZ）复制大鼠糖尿病模型,连续给黄连解毒汤6周后测定空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量,同时以测定脂肪因子chemerin水平的变化。结果给予黄连解毒汤组治疗的糖尿病大鼠,其血清中FBg、TC、Tg、LDL-C水平显著低于模型组（P〈0.01）,HDL-C水平高于模型组（P〈0.01）,血清chemerin水平显著低于模型组（P〈0.01）。结论黄连解毒汤对高脂高糖饮食联合小剂量STZ所致糖尿病大鼠有一定的治疗作用,能改善胰岛素抵抗,其机制可能是通过调节脂肪因子chemerin的表达,从而降低了炎症信号通路,改善了脂肪组织的慢性炎症反应,继而改善胰岛素抵抗。     

一种新的脂肪因子——Chemerin

Chemerin是孤独G蛋白偶联受体chemerin R的内源性配体,在组织中分布广泛,具有调节先天性及获得性免疫反应,调节骨骼的发育和代谢,维持皮肤正常生理功能等多种生物学效应。最近的研究表明chemerin是一种脂肪因子,其表达水平与肥胖相关,并有调节脂肪细胞的分化、脂解,促进脂肪细胞内胰岛素信号传导途径等生物学效应。因此chemerin是一种重要的生理调节肽。