从“温经开郁通痹”论治肢体麻木

肢体麻木多见于周围神经病、脑血管病、颈椎病等，其症状如虫乱行、不痛不痒。总结历代医家对肢体麻木的认识，“虚损”和“郁滞”为肢体麻木的发病基础。“虚损”为气血阴阳亏虚，“郁滞”为痰湿、血瘀、气滞、寒邪所致的营卫气血运行不畅，临证可从“温经开郁通痹”治疗肢体麻木。黄芪桂枝五物汤益气和血通痹，当归四逆汤温经散寒养血，四逆散行气解郁，三方合用温经、开郁、通痹，治疗肢体麻木可获较好的疗效。附验案1则以佐证。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

高流量鼻导管氧疗对毛细支气管炎患儿早期肠内营养相关不良事件的影响

目的:通过研究高流量鼻导管氧疗(HFNC)中毛细支气管炎患儿肠内营养相关不良事件(AEs)的发生率及对临床结果的影响,探寻HFNC治疗毛细支气管炎患儿期间,进行早期肠内营养的意义。方法:回顾性研究入住并接受HFNC的年龄≤24个月的毛细支气管炎患儿,统计分析AEs发生率、AEs发生时呼吸支持水平、PICU监护时间、HFNC使用时间、住院时间、总氧疗时间及住院总费用等情况。结果:共有64名患儿纳入研究,AEs发生率低,与HFNC的呼吸支持水平及肠内营养方式无关。早期喂养组患儿的PICU监护时间、HFNC使用时间及住院总费用均较晚期喂养组少。结论:在此次单一机构的队列研究中,AEs少见,对使用HFNC的毛细支气管炎患儿进行早期肠内营养是安全的,有利于临床结局。     

口服糖皮质激素在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉围手术期的应用现状

鼻内镜鼻窦手术(ESS)已成为外科治疗慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)的“金标准”,鼻内镜鼻窦手术围手术期管理对手术效果有重要影响。目前口服糖皮质激素因其抗炎和免疫抑制作用已作为ESS围术期辅助用药以增强手术效果,但在其剂量剂型及疗效等方面仍存在争议。回顾近年来研究口服糖皮质激素与CRSwNP围手术期疗效的相关文献,对口服糖皮质激素在围手术期的效果及治疗策略进行综述,以求提供更多的治疗选择和研究方向。     

脑脊液漏规范化管理中国专家共识

持续的脑脊液漏会影响患者的日常生活, 还可能引起严重并发症, 增加死亡风险。围手术期预防是脑脊液漏管理的重点;此外, 脑脊液漏早期准确诊断, 选择合适的方式进行治疗是改善患者预后的关键。为此, 国内神经外科及其他相关领域的专家借鉴国内外指南及相关循证证据, 围绕脑脊液漏的诊治、预防等问题进行反复讨论, 通过改良德尔菲法征集专家建议, 形成临床共识推荐意见, 为临床医生脑脊液漏规范化管理提供科学及切实可行的指导建议。     

胆总管结石内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后行胆道支架置入和鼻胆管引流并发症的比较

目的探讨胆总管结石患者采用内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）取石后同期开展胆道支架置入术或开展经内镜鼻胆管引流术（ENBD），对于防范并发症的价值。 方法按照前瞻性研究原则，选择2017年4月至2019年1月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的338例胆总管结石患者，随机分为支架组（170例）与引流组（168例）。两组患者均行ERCP治疗，其中引流组术后同期开展ENBD，支架组患者术后开展胆道支架置入术，对比两组患者腹痛评分、并发症发生情况及预后。 结果两组患者术后均未合并严重出血、穿孔或病死，结石完全清除率差异无统计学意义。与支架组相比，引流组术中胰腺管插管次数，术后4 h血淀粉酶水平、高淀粉酶血症、急性胰腺炎以及并发症总发生率更高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），术后24、48、72 h不同时点腹痛测评分值居更高水平（P<0.05）。 结论对于胆总管结石行ERCP治疗的患者，术后予以ENBD、胆道支架置入术的结石完全清除效果对比无明显差异，但胆道支架置入术更能降低术后并发症风险、缓解腹痛症状，患者获益更多。