MRI、CT与钼靶X射线在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的探究磁共振成像(MRI)、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)与钼靶X射线在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法选取80例乳腺疾病患者作为研究对象,分别对其进行MRI、CT、钼靶X射线及病理检查。比较各检测方法的病灶最大直径、与病理诊断一致性以及敏感度、特异度和准确度。结果钼靶X射线检查、MRI检查、CT检查与病理检查的病灶最大直径比较差异无统计学意义(P均 0. 05),MRI检查与病理检查结果最接近。MRI对乳腺疾病良性与恶性的判断与病理确诊的结果一致性好,CT检查的一致性一般,而钼靶X射线检查的一致性较差(P 0. 05)。敏感度、特异度及准确度由高到低依次为MRI检查、CT检查及钼靶X射线检查,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论钼靶X射线检查、CT检查及MRI检查均能对乳腺疾病病灶进行有效检测,MRI检查的诊断价值最高,具有临床应用优势。     

补阳还五汤对特发性肺纤维化模型大鼠肺组织内皮间质转化的影响及其机制研究

目的:探讨补阳还五汤对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)模型大鼠肺组织内皮间质转化(EndMT)的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、地塞米松组[0.405 mg/(kg·d)]和补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组[6.435、12.87、25.74g/(kg·d),以生药总质量计],每组8只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均于气管内注射博来霉素以复制IPF模型。自造模后第2天起,正常组和模型组大鼠均灌胃水[10 m L/(kg·d)],各给药组大鼠灌胃相应药物,每日1次,连续28 d。末次给药24 h后,采用免疫组化法检测大鼠肺组织中内皮细胞标志物[血小板内皮细胞黏附分子1、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白]和间质细胞标志物[α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1]的表达情况,采用蛋白质印迹法检测大鼠肺组织中Notch4、DLL4的表达情况。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织中内皮细胞标志物的表达水平均显著降低,间质细胞标志物以及Notch4、DLL4的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01)。各给药组大鼠肺组织中内皮细胞标志物的表达水平均显著高于模型组,补阳还五汤低剂量组上述指标显著低于地塞米松组;间质细胞标志物以及Notch4、DLL4的表达水平均显著低于模型组,补阳还五汤低剂量组上述指标显著高于地塞米松组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:补阳还五汤可通过干预EndMT来减轻大鼠的IPF,其机制可能与抑制DLL4/Notch4信号通路有关。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

益气提升方联合选择性痔上黏膜切除钉合术治疗Ⅲ度脱垂性内痔的临床疗效

目的:观察益气提升方联合选择性痔上黏膜切除钉合术(tissue-selecting therapy stapler,TST)治疗Ⅲ度脱垂性内痔的临床疗效及对患者外周血Th1/Th2的影响。方法:选取2015年5月至2017年8月本院收治的Ⅲ度脱垂性内痔患者80例为研究对象,均符合Ⅲ度脱垂性内痔诊断标准,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。两组患者均行TST手术治疗,对照组术后给予草木犀流浸液片口服治疗,观察组术后给予益气提升方治疗,观察两组患者临床疗效、疼痛VAS评分,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测2组患者Th1细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ)、Th2细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)水平。结果:观察组有效率97. 50%,对照组有效率92. 50%,两组有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组患者术后第5天及术后第7天VAS评分均低于术后第1天,且观察组VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);观察组术后第7天IL-2、IFN-γ水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组患者IL-4、IL-10水平比较,无统计学差异(P 0. 05)。结论:益气提升方联合TST治疗Ⅲ度脱垂性内痔效果确切,可减轻患者术后疼痛,能够提高Th1细胞因子水平,平衡体内Th1/Th2。