石骨症并发颌骨骨髓炎的诊断与治疗:附2例报告

石骨症(osteopetrosis)是一种少见的家族遗传性异常成骨疾病,可累及全身各骨,发生于颌骨者,往往因为颌骨骨髓炎而到口腔颌面外科就诊。本文报告2例石骨症并发颌骨骨髓炎患者的临床治疗经过,并结合相关文献资料,分析讨论石骨症并发颌骨骨髓炎的发病机制及诊治过程中应注意的问题。认为石骨症并发颌骨骨髓炎的治疗要点是彻底切除病变骨质,并有足够的软组织覆盖创面。     

股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎

目的报告股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎临床应用结果。方法自2008年1月至2015年1月,应用股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎6例(男5,女1)。患者年龄28~56岁(平均48岁)。粗隆部软组织缺损范围5 cm×2 cm^8 cm×4 cm。股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣转移至大粗隆部软组织缺损区,在肌瓣表面行一期中厚网状游离植皮,供区直接缝合。结果 1例肌瓣发生小片植皮坏死,经3周换药处理自然愈合。肌瓣全部成活。术后随访2.5~4.0年,平均3年,受区外形较好,慢性骨髓炎没有复发。髋关节功能用HSS评分标准评定其疗效,优5例,良1例。本组取得了较满意的临床效果。结论这种技术安全、可靠,很适用于治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎。     

Research and application of the reamer-irrigator-aspirator北大核心

BACKGROUND: Large volume of bone can be harvested by the reamer-irrigation-aspirator (RIA), which can be used for autologous bone graft, because there are many stromal stem cells and a variety of osteogenesis factors in the harvested bone. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the application progress of the RIA. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved by the first author for RIA-related articles published from January 2000 to May 2017 using the keyword of " reamer-irrigator-aspirator”. A total of 87 articles were searched initially and finally 38 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with harvesting bone tissues from the iliac bone, the RIA can harvest more autologous bone tissues with more bone marrow stromal stem cells. Moreover, the osteogenic effect of the harvested autologous bone is better and there are fewer complications. Therefore, the RIA has been widely used as a method of harvesting non-structural autologous bone tissues. Removal of intramedullary lesions by the RIA is used in the treatment of long bone infection, osteomyelitis and bone tumors, as well as in the removal of intramedullary cement. RIA was originally used as a special reaming during intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures, which could reduce high pressure and high temperature so as to decrease the risks of fat embolism and osteonecrosis. To conclude, the RIA can achieve satisfactory outcomes and result in few complications, but the clinical use is still limited by high cost, frequent fluoroscopy, bleeding and limited indications, as well as risks for iatrogenic fractures and perforation. © 2018, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

腓骨短肌肌瓣联合腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣治疗患者小腿远端及足部骨髓炎伴软组织缺损

目的 了解应用远端蒂腓骨短肌肌瓣联合腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣治疗患者小腿远端及足部骨髓炎伴软组织缺损的效果. 方法 2008年3月-2010年12月,笔者单位收治12例小腿远端及足部骨髓炎伴软组织缺损患者,其中7例为胫骨远端骨髓炎伴软组织缺损,1例为跟腱后侧慢性溃疡伴骨髓炎,4例为跟骨外侧软组织缺损伴骨髓炎及内固定物外露.彻底清创后,软组织缺损范围为4 cm×2 cm～13 cm×9 cm,骨缺损范围为3.0 cm ×3.0 cm ×3.0 cm～6.0 cm ×3.0 cm×4.0 cm.所有患者应用腓骨短肌肌瓣填充骨髓炎清创后形成的无效腔,腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复软组织缺损.手术切取皮瓣大小为5 cm×3 cm～14cm×10cm,肌瓣大小为11 cm ×3 cm～16 cm×4 cm.供瓣区直接缝合或植皮修复. 结果 11例皮瓣、肌瓣成活良好,创面均一次性愈合.1例皮瓣及肌瓣远端坏死,采用胫后动脉穿支肌皮瓣修复后愈合.随访6～ 24个月,皮瓣质地及外形良好,患者未复发骨髓炎. 结论 联合应用远端蒂腓骨短肌肌瓣与腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣移植,能有效治疗小腿远端及足部骨髓炎伴软组织缺损,操作简单、易行、安全可靠.     

糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎的临床治疗方法探讨

目的;通过对39例糖尿病合并慢性骨髓炎治疗的回顾性分析,探讨糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎的治疗方法。方法;分析2000年至2011年收治的39例糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎患者,其中男23例,女16例,年龄21～81岁,平均45岁,患者均有不同程度的红肿热痛表现,病程均在3个月以上。其中,25例术前有窦道形成。术前均常规行引流液培养、X线及CT检查。27例行清创Ⅰ期植骨外固定术,12例行清创术,术后均联合抗生素治疗。通过比较治疗前后血沉、C-反应蛋白和血常规测量结果、术前术后穿刺结果及影像学检查综合评定治疗效果。结果:治疗前35例出现血沉增快,治疗后32例转阴;治疗前25例血常规异常,治疗后23例转阴;术前36例C-反应蛋白升高,治疗后33例转阴。治疗后病灶脓液培养均为阴性。39例中,临床治愈33例,4个月至4年内复发6例。结论:在常规慢性骨髓炎治疗的同时,应重视并积极治疗糖尿病,采用综合治疗方法能明显提高糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎的治愈率。     

The Lautenbach method for chronic osteomyelitis: nursing roles, responsibilities and challenges

Osteomyelitis is serious for both the orthopaedic surgeon and the patient. Bone infection is very difficult to treat and if not eradicated has long-term effects for the patient. The current techniques available have a low success rate and sometimes the only alternative is amputation.This article discusses:

• What is bone infection and how it effects a person's life

• Existing methods of treatment and compares them with the Lautenbach method

• Pre, peri and post-operative care of patients undergoing the Lautenbach method of treatment

• A case study to illustrate how the method was used to successfully treat a patient.

负压封闭引流术应用于糖尿病患者头皮感染及颅骨骨髓炎二例

病例1患者男,39岁,患2型糖尿病3年。头皮感染并溃疡形成半年余,见右颞顶部约8cm×8cm大小类圆形红肿,中央部见-2cm×2cm皮肤缺损溃疡,敏感抗菌药物治疗未愈,形成头皮缺损,常规换药未愈,行负压封闭引流术（vacuum sealingdrainage,VSD）治疗20余天后,皮缘肉芽生长,缺损缩小,皮肤红肿减轻。     

Brodie＇s abscess of medial distal femoral condyle after thorn prick： rare clinical presentation

Thorn prick injuries are generally conceded frivolous and rarely demand medical attention.Howbeit deep seated injuries are well described in the literature.We presented a case of thorn prick injury to ...     

A new look at osteomyelitis development – Focus on CCR5delta32. Study in patients from Northeast Brazil

IntroductionCCR5 receptor exerts an important role in the host immune response. Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process and Staphylococcus aureus is the principal causative agent of this bone injury complication. A deletion of 32 bp (CCR5Δ32) in the CCR5 gene seems to protect against HIV-1, S. aureus and other infections. However, the CCR5Δ32 allele has been associated with an increased risk for other diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the function of CCR5 and to gather data about the relationship of the CCR5Δ32 mutation and the risk of developing osteomyelitis as a complication in patients with bone traumas.MethodsIn a study of 153 patients with bone traumas the presence of the CCRΔ32 mutation was determined by PCR.ResultsIn this study, the CCR5Δ32 allele was present only in the heterozygous form. Osteomyelitis was more frequent in the wild type carriers (94.87%; 37/39) and most of the CCR5Δ32 carriers (87.5%; 14/16) did not present with osteomyelitis.ConclusionThe CCR5Δ32 could be associated with protection against osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus, corroborating the data from Alonzo & Torres study, in which CCR5 receptor is required for S. aureus leukotoxin ED (LukED) cytotoxicity.