Efficacy of "high-intensity" blue-light and "standard" daylight phototherapy for non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia

We report our clinical experience with phototherapy in 3802 infants; 3629 were exposed to "standard" daylight phototherapy and 173 to "high-intensity" blue-light phototherapy. High-intensity blue-light phototherapy was twice as effective as standard daylight phototherapy in decreasing bilirubin concentrations. No failures occurred with high-intensity phototherapy compared with an overall failure rate of 1.84/1000 with daylight lamps; these cases were transferred to high-intensity phototherapy with prompt response. Rebound after cessation of phototherapy was greater in those exposed to high-intensity blue light with a significantly greater number requiring a second exposure. However, the incidence was still low. No third exposure was required in any infant. Nursing of infants under high-intensity blue light was more difficult and inconvenient as was clinical monitoring. The light also caused more stress on the nursing and medical personnel. However, the infants tolerated both types of phototherapy equally well. High-intensity blue-light phototherapy would seem to be the treatment of choice for infants with rapidly increasing or very high bilirubin levels, as well as in those not responding adequately to daylight phototherapy.     

Premarital sexual attitudes of unmarried university students: 1968 vs. 1972

Information on premarital sexual attitudes of unmarried undergraduates was obtained from random samples on the same campus in 1968 and 1972. Students in 1972, compared with those in 1968, reported (1) more permissive attitudes toward premarital sexual behavior (both men and women), (2) fewer differences in attitudes between men and women, and (3) less adherence to the double standard. In contrast to earlier research on premarital sexual attitudes, these differences need not be due to the markedly different populations compared, or generalizable only to sociology and psychology students, or indicative of only those who chose to volunteer for study (volunteer bias).This research received support from the Institute for Research in Social Science and the University Research Council, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.     

银菊清解片的质量标准研究

目的：建立了银菊清解片（野菊花，薄荷油，忍冬藤，对乙酰氨基酚等）的质量标准。方法：采用理化方法和薄层色谱法对银菊清解片的主要成分对乙酰氨基酚，马来酸氯苯那敏进行鉴别，并采用系数倍率法不经分离地直接测定对乙酰氨基酚的含量。结果：平均回收率为99．70％，RSD＝0．83％(n=10）。结论：该法简便可行，结构准确，可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

养阴降糖片质量标准研究

目的：建立养阴降糖片(黄芪，牡丹皮，虎杖，葛根等)的质量标准。方法：用TLC法对黄芪、牡丹皮、虎杖、葛根进行了鉴别；用HPLC法测定葛根素的含量。结果：在TLC色谱中检出黄芪、牡丹皮、虎杖、葛根。葛根素在10．0--60．0μg范围内呈良好的线性关系；r=0．9996，平均回收率99．6％，RSD为1．52％。结论：所建立的方法简便可行，重现性好，为养阴降糖片质量控制提供了方法。     

注射用葛根素的质量标准研究

目的 :建立注射用葛根素 (PF)的质量标准。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法测定含量和检查有关物质。结果 :本法能有效检查有关物质 ,最低检出量为 0 .1ng。在 1.5～ 10 μg·mL-1范围内 ,葛根素浓度与峰面积有良好的线性关系 (r =0 .9999) ;重复性RSD为 1.3% ;平均回收率为 99.7% ,RSD为 0 .3%。结论 :该法准确、灵敏 ,结果可信 ,适用于注射用葛根素的质量控制。     

救急行军散的质量标准研究

目的 :建立救急行军散 (薄荷脑、冰片、黄芩、雄黄、朱砂、苏铁蕨贯众、陈皮等 )的质量标准。方法 :通过TLC、GC对散剂中的黄芩、陈皮、苏铁蕨贯众、薄荷脑、冰片进行鉴别研究 ;同时采用GC测定散剂中的薄荷脑、冰片含量。结果 :TLC色谱中均能明显地检出黄芩、陈皮、苏铁蕨贯众药材 ,GC色谱中均能明显地检出薄荷脑、冰片 ,GC法测得薄荷脑、冰片的含量分别为 75 .6 9～ 78.5 1mg·g-1和 6 1.2 6～ 6 4 .14mg·g-1,平均加样回收率为 :薄荷脑 99.35 % (RSD为 0 .98% ) ,冰片99 .2 4 % (RSD为 1.0 5 % )。结论 :所建立的方法简便可行 ,重现性好 ,可用于救急行军散的质量控制     

二夏清心片质量标准的研究

目的：建立二夏清心片(冬虫夏草、半夏、葛根、竹茹、枳实、陈皮等)的质量标准。方法：采用TLC法对二夏清心片处方中陈皮、枳实和葛根进行了定性鉴别；应用HPLC法对方中葛根的有效成分葛根素进行了含量测定。结果：本品定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显，专属性强；本品中葛根素含量测定线性范围为0．04092～2．4552μg，平均回收率为99．36％，RSD为2．32％。结论：鉴别和含量测定方法简便可靠，重复性好，作为药品标准可有效地控制二夏清心片的质量。     

中药饮片质量控制的现状与对策

中药饮片的质量控制是目前中药质量控制的最薄弱环节，存在的问题集中表现为：无质量控制标准或质量控制标准低，质量标准不合理，不能反映饮片的药性与药效。要改变这种现状，应采取如下措施：①从药材的源头和流通抓起，控制中药饮片的质量；②完善和规范炮制过程，保证中药饮片的质量稳定性；③加强中药饮片炮制机理和饮片质量标准的基础研究；④大力研制中药饮片现代化生产机械；⑤走名牌战略与法制建设相结合的道路，打造大型中药饮片企业。这些措施的实施，将提升我国中药饮片的质量，为中药现代化和国际化做出贡献。     

药敏纸片的质量控制研究

目的：探讨和研究药敏纸片质量控制的方法。方法：以克拉霉素药敏纸片为例，参照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)和联邦法规全书(CFR)的方法，建立一套药敏纸片质量控制的指标，包括鉴别、检查及含量测定。结果：采用专属性较强、灵敏度较高的TLC法进行鉴别，最低检出量为50μg；制订纸片的的直径、重量差异、含量均匀性及干燥失重作为检查项，采用短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)[CMCC(B)63202]作为检定菌，进行含量测定。结论：建立的克拉霉素药敏纸片质量标准能够控制其质量，可作为其他抗生素药敏纸片建立质量标准的参考。     

中药饮片质量规范研究概论

我国即将实行中药饮片批准文号制度，而目前饮片质量参差的重要原因之一是饮片质量标准未能全面概括饮片质量要素。本文系统地概述了中药饮片质量规范研究的内容和研究步骤，重点叙述了中药饮片质量标准的研究内容。