It takes two to talk: Longitudinal associations among infant–mother attachment,maternal attachment representations,and mother–child emotion dialogues

Research on the attachment-dialogue link has largely focused on infant–mother attachment. This study investigated longitudinal associations between infant–mother attachment and maternal attachment representations and subsequent mother–child emotion dialogues (N = 50). Maternal attachment representations were assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview when children were 3 months, infant–mother attachment was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure at 13 months, and mother–child emotion dialogues were assessed using the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue at 3.5 years. Consistent with past research, the three organized categories of infant–mother attachment relationships were associated with later mother–child emotion dialogues. Disorganized attachment relationships were associated with a lack of consistent and coherent strategy during emotion dialogues. Autonomous mothers co-constructed coherent narratives with their children; Dismissing and Preoccupied mothers created stories that were less narratively organized. Although the Unresolved category was unrelated to classifications of types of mother–child discourse, mothers’ quality of contribution to the dialogues was marginally lower compared to the quality of their children’s contributions to the emotion discussion. Secure children showed highest levels of child cooperation and exploration. Autonomous mothers displayed highest levels of maternal sensitive guidance during emotion dialogues. We provide preliminary evidence for role reversal in dialogues between Preoccupied and Unresolved mothers and their children.     

多学科护理团队协作模式在老年患者围手术期的应用

目的 探讨多学科护理团队协作模式在老年围手术期患者中的应用效果。方法 选取笔者所在科室2018年1—12月就诊并行手术治疗的65岁以上老年患者50例为对照组,选取2019年1—12月就诊行手术治疗的65岁以上老年患者50例为观察组。对照组给予老年科常规围手术期护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予多学科护理团队协作模式进行干预,比较2组患者术后并发症、护理不良事件发生率及平均住院天数。结果 观察组术后并发症及护理不良事件发生率均低于对照组(χ² =5.086,P=0.024;χ² =4.396,P=0.036);平均住院天数短于对照组(t=5.913,P=0.016)。结论 多学科护理团队协作模式可以降低老年患者术后并发症的发生率,缩短平均住院时间。     

多学科合作模式下PICC导管体内断裂漂移入心脏的急救护理与原因分析

总结1例淋巴瘤病人经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管后41 d体内断管漂移入心脏的护理。护理要点包括断管后的紧急处理、病情观察、心理护理、健康宣教等。通过多学科合作急救和护理,导管断端顺利取出,病人安全出院。     

规范化介入护理配合在TAVR股动脉入路与心尖入路手术患者中的应用

目的:探讨规范化介入护理配合措施在经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)股动脉入路与心尖入路手术患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析25例经股动脉入路与经心尖入路两种手术路径下TAVR患者的护理方法,手术室介入护士分别给予患者术前访视,入室后术前、术中及术后规范化护理配合措施,术后观察患者康复情况并随访其生存状态。结果:25例TAVR患者中,22例采用经股动脉路径、3例采用经心尖路径,所有患者手术过程顺利,术后均未发生相关并发症,随访6个月患者生存状态良好。结论:围术期规范化护理配合方法可以对并发症做到早预防、早识别、早治疗,为患者手术顺利完成提供保障。     

我国生物制药产业国际竞争力分析

目的： 分析我国生物制药产业现状,为提高我国生物制药产业国际竞争力提出建议。方法： 针对我国生物制药产业进行了贸易竞争力指数、国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数等国际竞争力评价指标测算,以及基于波特钻石模型的国际竞争力分析。结果与结论： 相较于制药强国,我国生物制药产业的国际竞争力较弱并需要进一步提高,建议要注重高素质人才的培养与引进,积极开拓多种融资渠道,提高自主创新能力,加速产业规模化发展,加强知识产权保护。     

Experimental evolution of conflict mediation between genomes

Transitions to new levels of biological complexity often require cooperation among component individuals, but individual selection among those components may favor a selfishness that thwarts the evolution of cooperation. Biological systems with elements of cooperation and conflict are especially challenging to understand because the very direction of evolution is indeterminate and cannot be predicted without knowing which types of selfish mutations and interactions can arise. Here, we investigated the evolution of two bacteriophages (f1 and IKe) experimentally forced to obey a life cycle with elements of cooperation and conflict, whose outcome could have ranged from extinction of the population (due to selection of selfish elements) to extreme cooperation. Our results show the de novo evolution of a conflict mediation system that facilitates cooperation. Specifically, the two phages evolved to copackage their genomes into one protein coat, ensuring cotransmission with each other and virtually eliminating conflict. Thereafter, IKe evolved such extreme genome reduction that it lost the ability to make its own virions independent of f1. Our results parallel a variety of conflict mediation mechanisms existing in nature: evolution of reduced genomes in symbionts, cotransmission of partners, and obligate coexistence between cooperating species.     

经胸非体外小切口室间隔缺损封堵术患儿的术中配合

目的:总结经胸非体外小切口室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术的配合体会。方法:对2013年6~11月我院收治59例行经胸非体外小切口VSD封堵术的患儿术中配合体会进行回顾性总结。结果:56例均一次封堵成功,经食管超声心动图提示无残余分流,3例改为心脏直视手术,所有手术均顺利完成,效果满意。结论:做好术中配合及充分的心脏直视手术准备,对保证手术成功及减少术后并发症有重要意义。     

门诊外科手术护理配合对手术安全性及患者满意度的影响

目的：探讨护理配合对门诊手术安全性及患者满意度的影响。方法将我院门诊2013年12月至2014年2月收治的200例患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规护理配合,观察组在对照组的基础上采用人性化的护理配合模式,比较两组患者的手术安全性及患者的满意度。结果观察组进入手术室时的恐惧评分低于对照组,心率、血压、肌肉紧张程度、疼痛反应程度小于对照组,术中体温高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。观察组在健康教育、心理护理、护理过程等护理满意度方面均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论人性化的手术护理配合能够提高手术的安全性,保证手术的顺利进行,提高患者的护理满意度。     

A Review of OIE Country Status Recovery Using Vaccinate‐to‐Live Versus Vaccinate‐to‐Die Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Response Policies II: Waiting Periods After Emergency Vaccination in FMD Free Countries

For countries with OIE status, FMD free country where vaccination is not practised, vaccinate‐to‐live policies have a significant economic disincentive as the trade restriction waiting period is double that of vaccinate‐to‐die policies. The disposal of healthy vaccinated animals strictly for the purpose of regaining markets with debatable scientific justification is a global concern. The feasibility of aligning the waiting periods to facilitate vaccinate‐to‐live is explored. The first article of this two‐part review (Barnett et al., 2015) explored the qualities of higher potency Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccines, performance of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) diagnostic assays particularly in vaccinates and carriers, as well as aspects of current limitations of post‐outbreak surveillance. Here, the history behind the OIE waiting periods for FMD free status is reviewed as well as whether the risk of vaccinated animals and their subsequent products differ appreciably at 3 versus 6 months. It is concluded that alignment is feasible for vaccinate‐to‐live using higher potency FMD vaccines within the current OIE waiting period framework of 3 and 6 months blocks of time. These waiting periods reflect precedence, historical practicalities and considered expert opinion rather than a specific scientific rationale. The future lies in updated epidemiological and diagnostic technology to establish an acceptable level of statistical certainty for surveillance or target probability of freedom of FMDV (infection or circulation) not time restricted waiting periods. The OIE Terrestrial Code limits trade from a FMD free country where vaccination is not practiced to animal products and live non‐vaccinated animals. The risk of FMDV in products derived from higher potency vaccinated animals is appreciably less than for countries with infected FMD status or even from a FMD free country where vaccination is practised for which the Code has Articles with guidelines for safe trade with time restrictions of 3 months or less. All these presume that key requirements in the implementation of emergency vaccination including appropriate vaccine match, vaccine application, susceptible population coverage, etc. are addressed.     

校园网络环境下的病理生理学自主学习模式研究

目的探讨校园网络环境下的病理生理学自主学习模式。方法随机选取学院2012级临床医学6-7班、10-11班分别为对照组(传统教学模式)和教改组。教改组实施以网络为依托的"联组-整合、自主探究、合作交流"的自主学习模式,对学生考核成绩进行对比分析和问卷调查。结果教改组学生成绩高于对照组,学生的自主学习能力明显提高(P<0.05)。结论以网络为依托的"联组-整合、自主探究、合作交流"的自主学习模式可以实现以学助教,有利于学生的终身发展。