纤维支气管镜下支架置入治疗恶性气道狭窄31例临床分析

目的观察经纤维支气管镜定位置入镍钛合金记忆金属支架治疗恶性大气道狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法在纤维支气管镜引导定位下,为31例恶性肿瘤引起的大气道狭窄患者放置镍钛合金记忆金属支架。结果31例患者放置支架后呼吸困难立即得到缓解,所有病例随访1-3个月,支架无移位,管腔通畅,治疗过程未发生严重并发症。结论纤雏支气管镜引导下镍钛合金记忆金属支架置入治疗肿瘤引起的大气道狭窄,定位准确、安全有效。     

恶性血液病抗凝血酶活性的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨血液肿瘤患者抗凝血酶(AT)活性的变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析195例血液肿瘤患者初发、缓解、未缓解、复发时AT活性水平的差异,并具体分析了急、慢性白血病及骨髓增生异常综合征、恶性淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤不同分型或分期患者AT活性水平的变化。结果初发组、缓解组、部分缓解组、复发组较对照组AT活性显著降低(P(0.01);初发、部分缓解及复发组AT活性较缓解组降低,具有显著性差异(P(0.01);非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者各分期之间及骨髓增生异常综合征不同分型之间AT活性无明显差异;多发性骨髓瘤Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者AT活性较Ⅰ期患者降低(P(0.05);多发性骨髓瘤复发组患者与缓解组比较,AT活性显著降低,β2-微球蛋白、球蛋白及乳酸脱氢酶活性升高,差异均具有显著性(P(0.05);其中AT活性变化与β2-微球蛋白变化具有负相关性(P(0.05)。结论AT活性不仅反映血液病患者抗凝系统的功能,同时可作为判断患者病情变化及其预后的指标之一。对于多发性骨髓瘤患者AT活性水平变化与β2-微球蛋白具有相关性,AT水平变化可能具有预后评估意义。     

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-associated thyrotropin-producing pituitary carcinoma: report of a probable de novo example

Pituitary carcinomas are exceedingly rare. At present, the sole diagnostic criterion is metastatic spread, either craniospinal or systemic. There is no agreement on a histologic, immunohistochemical, and/or ultrastructural definition. We report a clinically and morphologically well-documented example of pituitary thyrotropin cell carcinoma in a man with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. The tumor produced thyrotropin, alpha-subunit, and prolactin and, through electron microscopy, was found to consist solely of Thyrotroph cells. Over a protracted course, craniospinal and systemic metastases were noted. The primary and metastatic deposits of this aggressive tumor were studied. To our knowledge, this tumor is the first reported case of thyrotropin cell carcinoma occurring in association with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. The literature regarding thyrotropin carcinomas is reviewed. Based on the study of several biopsies during disease progression, we believe that the carcinoma originated de novo without an intermediary adenoma phase.     

糖尿病诱发恶性肿瘤机制的研究进展

目的分析糖尿病与恶性肿瘤的相关性及作用机制。方法回顾分析近年来国内外有关糖尿病与恶性肿瘤关系的研究,探讨糖尿病诱发恶性肿瘤的相关作用机制。结果糖尿病增加了恶性肿瘤发生的危险性,其作用机制可能与高血糖、胰岛素及胰岛素样生长因子和药物等诸多因素有关。结论糖尿病患者应作为肿瘤的高发人群之一,引起临床的广泛重视。     

Circulating IgA and IgE autoantibodies in antilaminin‐332 mucous membrane pemphigoid

Background Antilaminin‐332 mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease that is often associated with internal malignancy. IgG autoantibodies against laminin‐332 in patients with MMP are well documented; however, IgA and IgE autoantibodies against laminin‐332 have not yet been described. Objectives To characterize IgA and IgE autoantibodies binding to laminin‐332 in sera from patients with antilaminin‐332 MMP. Methods Sera and skin samples from four patients who met the following criteria were used: (i) subepidermal blistering lesions present on the mucous membranes; (ii) in vivo deposition of IgG along the epidermal basement membrane zone of sampled skin; (iii) circulating IgG antibasement membrane zone antibodies that react with the dermal side of salt‐split normal human skin; and (iv) circulating IgG autoantibodies that do not show positivity against type VII collagen or 200‐kDa protein (p200 antigen) in immunoblot analysis using dermal extracts. Circulating IgG/IgA/IgE class autoantibodies against laminin‐332 were determined by immunoblotting. Results Circulating IgG autoantibodies against the γ2, α3/γ2, α3 and α3/β3/γ2 subunits of laminin‐332 were demonstrated in sera from four patients, respectively. Serum from one of the four patients showed IgA reactivity with the α3/β3/γ2 subunits of laminin‐332. Serum from one of the four patients showed IgE reactivity with the γ2 subunit of laminin‐332. The control sera failed to display IgG/IgA/IgE reactivity to laminin‐332. Conclusions In addition to IgG autoantibodies, circulating IgA and IgE autoantibodies against laminin‐332 are detectable in a subset of patients with antilaminin‐332 MMP.     

四肢低度恶性软组织肿瘤的外科治疗

目的：总结四肢软组织低度恶性肿瘤的治疗经验及教训,以减少复发、提高生存质量。方法：本组共29（男11,女18）例,均为四肢低度恶性肿瘤：纤维肉瘤12例,腱鞘巨细胞瘤8例,高分化脂肪肉瘤6例,高分化平滑肌肉瘤3例。其中16例原发且与皮肤粘连紧密,13例外院或本院术后复发。肿瘤最大12cm×8cm×5cm,最小6cm×4cm×3cm。对其中13例复发及16例与皮肤粘连紧密者,行包括皮肤在内的肿瘤扩大切除、局部皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复,对位于腹股沟区或胭窝区与股、胭大血管及神经紧密粘连者,先从肿瘤远近端3—5cm以上血管、神经正常部分切除,再向病变区解剖、切除肿瘤,血管缺损行血管移植、神经缺损造成的功能障碍一期重建并早期行功能锻炼。结果：29例均获得随访,最长10年,最短6个月,目前全部患者均健在且无复发。行皮瓣修复者均成功,且皮瓣外观良好、厚薄适中,血管移植者,寒冷季节无肢端苍白及怕冷,行肌腱转移一期重建者功能恢复满意。结论：对四肢软组织低度恶性肿瘤,行扩大切除、皮瓣修复及一期重建是减少局部复发、提高生存质量的较好方法。     

Is birth weight associated with childhood lymphoma? A meta‐analysis

Several risk factors have been identified for childhood lymphomas. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to synthesize current evidence regarding the association between birth weight with primarily the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), given its similarity to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and any category of lymphoma. Two cohort (278,751 children) and seven case-control studies (2,660 cases and 69,274 controls) were included. Effects estimates regarding NHL, HL and any lymphoma were appropriately pooled using fixed or random effects model in two separate analyses: specifically, high was compared to normal or any birth weight. Similarly, low was compared to normal or any birth weight. No statistically significant association was found between high birth weight, as compared to normal birth weight, and risk for NHL plus Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.76-1.80, random effects), HL (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.64-1.38, fixed effects) or any plus Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.76-1.56, fixed effects). A null association emerged when low was compared with normal birth weight for NHL plus Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.71-1.62, random effects), HL (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.54-1.65, fixed effects) or any plus Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.79-1.33, fixed effects). Accordingly, no association was found when high or low birth weight was compared to any birth weight. Although current evidence suggests no association, birth weight might be a too crude indicator to reveal a genuine association of fetal growth with specific lymphoma categories; hence, there is an emerging need for use of more elaborate proxies, at least those accounting for gestational week.     

多层螺旋CT在胃肠道间质瘤恶性风险评估中的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）恶性风险评估中的价值。方法回顾性分析48例经病理和免疫组化证实的胃肠道间质瘤的CT影像特征与恶性风险分级之间的联系。结果 MSCT定位准确率100%。48例胃肠道间质瘤中包括胃间质瘤30例,小肠间质瘤18例。低危组胃间质瘤22例,病灶直径在5 cm以下,病灶形态以圆形、椭圆形为主（20/22）,边界清楚,密度均匀,增强扫描后肿瘤CT强化幅值多小于25 Hu（15/22）;高危组胃肠道间质瘤26例,包括胃间质瘤8例、小肠间质瘤18例,病灶直径多在5 cm以上,病灶形态以分叶状多见（20/26）,坏死、钙化多见,分别为23/26、14/26,增强扫描后肿瘤CT增强幅值多在25 Hu以上（18/26）。3例肿瘤发现肝转移。结论 MSCT可以对胃肠道间质瘤进行准确定位,其CT表现特征与恶性风险程度之间存在一定的相关性,MSCT可以为胃肠道间质瘤的术前恶性风险评估提供有价值参考。