海绵共附生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum次级代谢产物的化学成分及生物活性研究

目的 对分离自西沙隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum的次级代谢产物进行化学成分及其生物活性研究,以期发现结构特异并且活性良好的次级代谢产物。方法 对隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum用真菌2号培养基发酵,发酵后的菌丝体采用溶剂提取、萃取和现代色谱分离纯化手段,再运用现代核磁波谱技术并结合高分辨质谱鉴定化合物结构。基于微阵列技术的表面等离子体共振成像（SPRi）系统,检测化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的相互作用,并提供化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的结合动力学数据。结果 通过分离隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真Penicilliumchrysogenum的菌丝体提取物,从中分离鉴定了7个单体化合物,鉴定结果为conidiogenone（1）、2-acetylquinazolin-4(3H)-one（2）、15β-hydroxyl-(22E,24R)-ergosta-3,5,8,22-tetraen-on（3）、ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one（4）、 2-((2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione（5）、(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol（6）、2-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one（7）。结论 化合物3和6是从Penicillium属内第一次分离得到,化合物4是从真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum中第一次分离得到,化合物5与肿瘤蛋白VEGFR-1、FGFR有亲和作用,KD的数值分别为7.78×10-3和1.44×10-1 μmol/L。     

海绵共生真菌Chaetomium globosum HXL-1次级代谢产物及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究海绵共生真菌Chaetomium globosum HXL-1的次级代谢产物及其抗肿瘤活性。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、高效液相色谱等方法对其次级代谢产物进行分离纯化,运用NMR、MS等多种波谱方法鉴定化合物结构;采用MTT方法评价化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果从该菌株发酵液的醋酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基-6-(2-甲基丁酰基)-2氢-2-吡喃酮(1)、吡啶并戊二烯(2)、1-脱乙酰基-吡啶并戊二烯(3)、7-脱乙酰基-吡啶并戊二烯(4)、大黄素-8-甲醚(5)、8-羟基-1,3-二甲氧基-6-甲基蒽醌(6)、cytoglobosins D(7)、isochaetoglobosin D(8)、球毛壳菌素E(9)、球毛壳菌素Vb(10)、monohydroxyisoaflavinine(11)、aflavazole(12)、烟曲酶毒素C(13)、chaetoviridin B(14)、杀锥曲菌素(15)、oxidized-nodulisporic acid B(16)。结论化合物1是吡喃酮类新化合物;化合物7～13为吲哚生物碱类化合物;化合物1、11、12为首次从球毛壳菌中分离得到;化合物2、8、15对选定的人肿瘤细胞具有一定的体外抗增殖活性。     

Mucor fragilis as a novel source of the key pharmaceutical agents podophyllotoxin and kaempferol

Context: Podophyllotoxin, a pharmaceutically important bioactive compound of Podophyllum sps. (Berberidaceae), is in great demand worldwide as an anticancer and antivirus drug precursor. However, the source of podophyllotoxin is very limited due to the endangered status of the Podophyllum plant.

Objective: The aim of this study was to isolate podophyllotoxin-producing endophytic fungi from Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying (1979) (Berberidaceae) plants of the Taibai Mountains of China in order to obtain bioactive compounds.

Materials and methods: The strains producing kaempferol and podophyllotoxin were screened by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The presence of kaempferol and podophyllotoxin in extracts of these strains was further confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses.

Results: Among six endophytic fungi isolated from the rhizomes of S. hexandrum, one strain was able to produce kaempferol. Another strain, named TW5, was able to produce both kaempferol and podophyllotoxin simultaneously according to the TLC, HPLC, and NMR results. The podophyllotoxin yield of TW5 was calculated to be 49.3?μg/g of mycelial dry weight after 7-d fermentation. Strain TW5 was identified morphologically and phylogenetically to be Mucor fragilis Fresen. (Mucoraceae). These results suggest that the podophyllotoxin-synthesizing ability is obtained by uptaking genes involved in the podophyllotoxin synthesis from the host plant into endophytic fungal genomes.

Conclusion: Our results showed, for the first time, that the endophytic fungus M. fragilis is able to produce simultaneously the same two bioactive metabolites, podophyllotoxin and kaempferol, as its host plant. Furthermore, the relatively high podophyllotoxin yield obtained may improve the industrial production of podophyllotoxin, which may help protect this endangered plant.     

一株海兔来源真菌 Aspergillus terreus丁内酯类化合物及其生物活性研究

摘要：目的 在生物活性和化学方法指导下,从1株海兔来源真菌 Aspergillus terreus (RA29-5)中分离鉴定海洋天然产物,并对其进行生物活性评价。方法 运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和HPLC等方法分离纯化化合物,利用NMR等现代波谱分析方法,对化合物进行结构鉴定,并对化合物进行抗菌、卤虫致死和斑马鱼胚胎毒性活性评价。结果 鉴定了 9 个丁内酯类化合物 (1～9) 的结构;抗菌活性表明,除化合物 6 和 9 外,所有化合物对四株致病细菌白色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus epidermidis、金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus、蜡状芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis 和四联球菌 Tetragenococcus halophilus 都显示一定的抗菌活性;化合物 1～4 和7均对真菌芒果叶枯菌 Pestalotia mangiferae 显示抗菌活性;特别的,化合物 7 对测试的13株致病菌都具有广谱地抗菌活性,其MIC值在1.11~8.88 μmol/L之间;此外,还对化合物的抗菌活性构效关系进行了初步探讨。结论 海兔来源真菌 A. terreus (RA29-5) 可产生结构多样的丁内酯类化合物,该类化合物具有开发成抗菌剂的潜力。     

浙江天目山和建德地区产银杏中内生真菌多样性的比较研究

目的比较银杏内生真菌在浙江天目山地区和建德地区以及在同一地区雄株与雌株银杏中的种群结构。方法利用PDA培养基对采集自天目山地区和建德地区以及天目山地区雄株和雌株的银杏内生真菌分别进行分离、纯化,根据菌株群落的培养特征及5.8S和ITS区片段序列相似性比较和系统发育分析,进行菌株鉴定。结果从天目山地区和建德地区分别分离得到440、382株内生真菌。天目山地区内生真菌归属到9目、14科、19属、28种;建德地区内生真菌归属到8目、10科、11属、26种。银杏各组织部位内生真菌的数量和种类按由多到少排序:枝条>树皮>叶。天目山地区雄株银杏内生真菌在定殖率和菌株个数上均高于雌株银杏。结论银杏内生真菌具有极其丰富的物种多样性,天目山地区银杏内生真菌在种类和数量上均多于建德地区。天目山地区雌雄株银杏在菌种种类和数量上存在差异,雄株银杏内生真菌在菌种数量上具有一定的优势。     

Ergot Alkaloids Produced by Endophytic Fungi of the Genus Epichlo?

The development of fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë in grasses results in the production of different groups of alkaloids, whose mechanism and biological spectrum of toxicity can differ considerably. Ergot alkaloids, when present in endophyte-infected tall fescue, are responsible for “fescue toxicosis” in livestock, whereas indole-diterpene alkaloids, when present in endophyte-infected ryegrass, are responsible for “ryegrass staggers”. In contrast, peramine and loline alkaloids are deterrent and/or toxic to insects. Other toxic effects in livestock associated with the consumption of endophyte-infected grass that contain ergot alkaloids include the “sleepy grass” and “drunken horse grass” diseases. Although ergovaline is the main ergopeptine alkaloid produced in endophyte-infected tall fescue and is recognized as responsible for fescue toxicosis, a number of questions still exist concerning the profile of alkaloid production in tall fescue and the worldwide distribution of tall fescue toxicosis. The purpose of this review is to present ergot alkaloids produced in endophyte-infected grass, the factors of variation of their level in plants, and the diseases observed in the mammalian species as relate to the profiles of alkaloid production. In the final section, interactions between ergot alkaloids and drug-metabolizing enzymes are presented as mechanisms that could contribute to toxicity.     

血清降钙素原在肺结核合并肺部感染诊断中的应用

目的探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）对肺结核（PTB）合并肺部感染早期诊断的临床价值。方法 收集某院2013年8-12月收治的确诊活动性PTB患者的临床资料,依据PTB患者合并细菌、真菌感染分为合并细菌感染组(n=104)和合并真菌感染组(n=37),同期该院确诊的活动性PTB未合并感染者作为对照组（n=95）,比较3组患者血清PCT浓度,并进行接受者操作特性（ROC）曲线分析。结果合并细菌和真菌感染组患者PCT中位浓度分别是0.44 ng/mL和0.30 ng/mL,均明显高于未合并感染组的0.16 ng/mL,差异具有统计学意义（Z值分别为9.49、3.51,均P＜0.001）。合并细菌和真菌感染组PCT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.89（0.84～0.93）和0.69（0.61～0.77）;临界值分别为0.31 ng/mL、0.27 ng/mL;灵敏度分别为79.81%（70.57%～86.80%）、59.46%（42.19%～74.80%）;特异度分别为83.16%（73.79%～89.78%）、73.68%（63.48%～81.95%）。结论血清PCT对早期诊断肺结核合并肺部细菌感染有一定价值,并且能为临床合理、正确选用抗菌药物提供参考依据。     

Two new 12-membered macrolides from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of Callistemon viminalis

Two new polyketide metabolites, the 12-membered macrolides 4-hydroxy-12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (1) and 12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (2), were isolated from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of the plant Callistemon viminalis, together with five known derivatives. Their structures were fully characterized by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis for new structures, and in comparison with published data for known compounds. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the new compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated.     

痔体黏膜发现白色念珠菌寄生

为探讨痔的病因,将26例患者痔体送病理组织检查,PAS染色发现9例有紫红色菌体寄生,据其形态判断是白色念珠菌,试管沙氏培养基培养见奶白色酵母样菌落,转种于科玛嘉培养基培养见菌落呈翠绿色,诊断为白色念珠菌。由此推断痔上皮增生、角化,黏膜大量炎细胞浸润,间质水肿、出血,黏膜下静脉强烈炎性变,是因白色念珠菌感染引起的。