中、老年代谢综合征患者的临床特点分析

目的 比较中、老年代谢综合征(MS)患者的临床特点.方法 收集1996～2006年在解放军总医院门诊查体且符合中国人MS诊断标准(CDS)的947例中、老年患者的临床资料.其中老年人679例,中年人268例.分析中、老年患者MS各组分的差异,以及各组分的相关因素等.结果 947例患者中,男性582例(老年423例,中年159例),女性365例(老年256例,中年109例).老年男性患者的年龄大于老年女性(81.5±6.5 vs 74.5±8.8岁,P＜0.01),老年男性的体重指数(BMI)高于中年男性(27.14±2.51 vs 25.98±2.38,P＜0.01).老年患者的空腹、餐后血糖和收缩压均高于同性别的中年患者,而舒张压无显著差异.中年男性的甘油三酯高于老年男性.中年女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于男性.多元回归分析显示,男女患者空腹血糖均与餐后2h血糖有相关性(男性R2＝0.463,P＜0.05;女性R2＝0.613,P＜0.05).餐后2h血糖与年龄存在相关性(男性,R2＝0.522,P＜0.01;女性R2＝0.716,P＜0.05).收缩压与多种指标均有相关性,男性患者收缩压与年龄(R2＝0.396,P＜0.01)和舒张压(R2＝0.535,P＜0.05)均有相关性;女性患者的收缩压与BMI(R2＝0.557,P＜0.05)、舒张压(R2＝0.434,P＜0.05)、餐后2h血糖(R2＝0.434,P＜0.01)及空腹血糖(R2＝0.473,P＜0.05)均有相关性.Logistic回归分析示年龄(OR=2.1,95%CI:1.3～2.7)、空腹血糖(OR=1.7,95%CI:1.2～3.1)和收缩压(OR=1.4,95%CI:1.2～2.9)是预测代谢综合征组分含量的影响因素.结论 中老年代谢综合征患者的代谢指标有差异,年龄、空腹血糖和收缩压可作为代谢综合征的筛选指标.     

中国人手腕骨发育标准——中华05.IV.中国儿童手腕骨发育特征

目的:观察中国儿童手腕骨发育特征,为应用国外研究成果提供参考。方法:受试者为2005年骨发育调查样本2~18岁的16035名儿童。使用TW3方法评价手腕骨成熟度,与文献中的日本、欧美儿童的数据相比较。结果:中国和日本儿童的手腕骨发育特征相似。在儿童期,中国男儿童TW3-RUS和TW-腕骨成熟度延迟于欧美儿童0.3~0.6岁,女儿童在5~10岁TW3-RUS骨发育与欧美儿童非常接近;但在男12岁、女10岁以后,中国男女儿童TW-RUS骨成熟度加速而分别提前1.1~1.6岁和1.2岁。与欧美儿童相比,中国男儿童在3~10岁、女儿童在2~5岁,TW-腕骨成熟度分别延迟0.3~0.6岁和0.2~0.4岁;在男10岁和女5岁后,中国儿童TW-腕骨成熟度加速而提前,腕骨发育成熟的年龄均提前1.4岁。结论:与1970s~1990s的欧美儿童相比,中国儿童骨发育的延迟已不明显,但是青春期TW3-RUS骨发育加速提前的程度以及腕骨发育成熟年龄的提前则更加显著。     

用心肌灌注显像靶心图定量分析评价AMI患者骨髓干细胞移植术疗效

目的 探讨靶心图上心肌灌注缺损区定量分析方法的可靠性、重复性及应用价值。方法 16例急性心肌梗死（AMI）行自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗的住院患者，于治疗前、治疗后45和90d行^99Tc^m-MIBI静息心肌灌注显像。在靶心图上勾画缺损区（在左心室靶心图中放射性计数低于40％的区域），并进行定量分析。结果 （1）不同操作者所得ROI结果之间的差异无统计学意义（t=0．52，P〉0．05）。（2）治疗后45d心肌灌注缺损区面积较治疗前缩小34．32％，差异有统计学意义（t=2．83，P〈0．05）；治疗后90d心肌灌注缺损区面积较治疗后45d缩小14．77％，差异有统计学意义（t=2．51，P〈0．05）。示自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对缺血心肌的恢复有一定疗效，能够缩小梗死面积，且自体骨髓单个核细胞冠状动脉内移植治疗AMI的疗效在移植后早期（45d内）即有体现。（3）面积百分比是观察心肌灌注变化的重要定量指标。结论 该方法对心肌病变范围及严重程度能准确定量；对评价AMI骨髓于细胞移植术疗效有一定的价值。     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

Learning to Observe Relationships and Coping

Milieu relationships provide the critical background presence to staff's attempts to motivate, regulate, and teach patients how to cope with stress. Forging a connection with hospitalized children and adolescents demands attention to how they respond to adults and engage with staff around milieu expectations. Assessment guides that deal with these issues are presented. Important aspects of children's relatedness are presented in the context of their working models of adults and the influence of these representations on their response to staff. Coping skills are explained with particular emphasis on behavioral coping strategies. Tied to the assessment process are interventions that emphasize staff's role in helping patients manage strong affects and avoid the use of nonproductive behavior regulation strategies.     

计算机辅助手术的发展状况和展望——参加第17届国际计算机辅助放射学及手术大会（CARS 03）后记

计算机辅助手术和治疗(IGST)是一个新兴的多学科交叉的研究领域,近年来取得了飞速的发展.作为该领域顶级会议之一的国际计算机辅助放射学及手术大会(CARS2003)于2003年6月25至28日在英国伦敦伊丽莎白二世国际会议中心隆重举行了第17届会议.本文将对这次大会作一回顾和总结,内容包括科学论文方面的评论和产品展览方面的情况.     

Postoperative pain management—clinical practice is still not optimal

Major progress in clinical pain assessment and management has been achieved in the last decade. More effective analgesic drugs and improved techniques for pain management have been introduced. However, medical reports published during the last few years on postoperative pain management (POPM) indicate that moderate or even severe pain is still rather commonly experienced by surgical patients in the early postoperative period and that worst-pain-episodes may occur even in the late postoperative phase. Insufficient relief of postoperative pain seems a more common problem on surgical wards than on a postanaesthesia care unit (PACU). The aims of POPM are to inhibit autonomic trauma-induced nociceptive impulses that may result in functional disturbances of vital organs and thereby affect the incidence of potentially severe complications influencing clinical outcome. Considering that recent studies continue to show sub-optimal pain management despite the availability of effective drugs and analgesic techniques it must be considered essential to identify possible barriers to effective pain management in clinical practice so that necessary improvements in POPM routines can be carried out.     

厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果观察

目的：观察厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果。方法：选择2007年1月～2009年1月来本院就诊的高血压患者200例，随机分为两组，厄贝沙坦组100例，采用厄贝沙坦治疗4周；对照组100例采用依那普利治疗，观察患者用药前后动态血压、心脏功能变化，并评价临床疗效。结果：厄贝沙坦组患者治疗总有效率为97％，均未出现明显不良反应：与对照组比较．差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05。厄贝沙坦组治疗后24h、白昼和夜间平均收缩压和舒张压与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；用药后血压晨峰也显著降低，与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05：但与对照组间比较，差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。结论：厄贝沙坦治疗高血压疗效满意，安全性较高，还可降低患者的心脑血管意外的风险。     

瑞格列奈与迪沙片治疗新诊断2型糖尿病的疗效对比观察

比较对新诊断2型糖尿病患者应用瑞格列奈（11例）和迪沙片（10例）治疗4周后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、晨3点血糖（3aPG）,空腹胰岛素（FIns）、餐后2h胰岛素（2hIns）,糖化白蛋白的值。结果显示,与迪沙片组相比,瑞格列奈组治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖的下降幅度更为明显,但低血糖的发生次数反而减少。     

中药透皮吸收促进剂的研究进展

中药透皮吸收促进剂具有起效快、效果好、副作用小、无污染等优点,总结近年来常用中药透皮吸收促进剂的研究进展,中药透皮吸收促进剂主要包括单一中药透皮吸收促进剂和含中药PE多元透皮吸收促进剂,并对存在的问题及今后的研究前景进行了思考和展望。