三七提取物吸湿性及其数学模型研究

目的:筛选可准确描述三七提取物吸湿过程的数学模型,科学量化吸湿过程。方法:25、35和45℃下,用重量法测试三七提取物吸湿过程动力学曲线和吸附/解吸等温线,并用1stOpt统计分析软件进行拟合,以均方根误差(RMSE),残差平方和(RSS)和决定系数(R^2)为评价指标,筛选最佳拟合模型,结合25、35和45℃下吸附等温线计算吸附热。结果:25、35和45℃下,三七提取物吸湿动力学双指数模型、吸附/解吸等温线Peleg模型拟合效果较好,吸附/解吸等温线都属于第Ⅱ种类型,解吸等温线因较高的平衡含水量而出现明显的滞后现象,该滞后现象属于H3型。随着温度升高这种滞后现象变弱。吸附热随着平衡吸湿量的增大而增大。结论:双指数模型和Peleg模型分别较好地拟合三七提取物的吸湿动力学曲线及吸附/解吸等温线,且吸附/解吸等温线存在滞后现象,该滞后现象随温度升高而变弱,吸附热与平衡吸湿量密切相关。     

中药常规检查的历史发展和应用意义

中药常规检查是中药的各项工作之首,在中药鉴定中占据着重要的地位。常规检查结果是否达到国家标准,直接影响到中药研究结论正误和临床药效发挥好坏。1953年以来,《中华人民共和国药典》更替11次,常规检查的方法和标准趋于完善,涵盖的品类也越来越多元化。依据《中华人民共和国药典》,常规检查共分4大项目分别是杂质检查、水分检查、灰分检查和浸出物检查。现将对常规检查的4大项目分别进行探究,以出版《中华人民共和国药典》为主线,梳理其历史发展;以2020版《中华人民共和国药典》为准则,明确常规检查中4大项目内容,阐述其应用意义。同时,通过与其他国家的药典（《欧洲药典》《美国药典》《日本药典》）比较,找寻我国检测方法的优劣,针对性地提出完善意见,优化常规检查内容并展望其路线的发展方向。以期促进常规检查的科学发展,提高相关科研人员对常规检查的重视度。     

柔润保湿霜联合咪唑斯汀、润燥止痒胶囊治疗老年瘙痒症的效果观察*

目的：观察柔润保湿霜联合咪唑斯汀、润燥止痒胶囊治疗老年瘙痒症的临床疗效和安全性。方法：将入选的135例老年瘙痒症患者随机分为3组,各45例,观察组外用柔润保湿霜,bid,口服咪唑斯汀10 mg/d和润燥止痒胶囊4粒/次,3次/d;对照1组口服咪唑斯汀10 mg/d和润燥止痒胶囊4粒/次,tid;对照2组仅外用柔润保湿霜,bid;治疗4周后判定疗效。结果：观察组治愈率为44.44%,有效率为75.56%;对照1组的治愈率为28.89%,有效率为66.67%;对照2组的治愈率为22.22%,有效率为51.11%;观察组有效率和痊愈率均明显高于对照组(均P＜0.05)。皮肤瘙痒临床症状体征评分结果显示,观察组比两对照组显著降低(P＜0.05)。3组均未出现明显不良反应而导致治疗方案终止。结论：外用柔润保湿霜联合口服咪唑斯汀、润燥止痒胶囊可显著改善老年瘙痒症患者的病情。     

敷料用透湿性聚氨酯膜的性能及其影响因素

我们用聚乙二醇(PEG)代替普通聚醚(PPG)合成了亲水性的聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,然后将预聚体溶液流延成膜制成双层敷料的外层透湿膜.研究了PEG分子量、交联剂用量、制膜溶剂及预聚体溶液中水含量对膜透湿性的影响.结果表明所制的膜是一种多孔结构的透湿膜;适宜的成膜条件为PEG的分子量(Mn)为2000～4000,交联剂用量为5.0wt%,成膜溶剂为丙酮与N,N-二甲基-甲酰胺的混合溶液,成膜温度为50℃～80℃;所制膜的透湿率在35℃下为49～60g/m2h,能够满足敷料对透湿率的要求;并对它的透湿过程机理进行了探讨.     

湿润烧伤膏治疗体表慢性难愈合创面的观察及护理

目的 探讨湿润烧伤膏治疗体表慢性难愈合创面的效果及护理.方法 选择80例体表慢性难愈合创面的患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例,治疗组用湿润烧伤膏外敷,对照组用传统的换药方法 治疗.结果 治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义.结论 湿润烧伤膏疗法与传统常规换药方法 相比,对体表慢性难愈合创面既有良好的保护作用又能改善创面微循环,促进肉芽组织生长,使用简单、方便、经济,且缩短病程,减轻患者痛苦.     

湿秘论

湿秘主要是湿阻气滞,气推动无力所致便秘。湿秘的辨证突出重浊、黏滞、不畅等湿的特点,还兼有脾虚的症状。治疗上强调祛湿、调气并举,祛湿要化湿、燥湿、渗湿兼用,调气要运、降、通相结合,运中有降,降中有通,通中有补。还应结合五脏辨证,调理脾胃升降同时注重调肝、养心、降肺、补肾,如此才是治疗湿秘万全之法。     

The influence of incontinence pads moisture at the loaded skin interface

AimProlonged mechanical loading on soft tissues adjacent to bony prominences can lead to pressure ulcers. The presence of moisture at the skin interface will lower the tolerance to load. Absorbent pads manage moisture in individuals with incontinence, although their role in maintaining skin health is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of moist incontinence pads on skin physiology after periods of mechanical loading.Material and methodsTwelve healthy participants were recruited to evaluate a single incontinence pad design under three moisture conditions: 0% (dry), 50% and 100% fluid capacity. For each pad condition, pressure (9 kPa) or pressure in combination with shear (3 N) was applied to the sacrum, followed by a period of off-loading. Measures included trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and inflammatory biomarkers sampled at the skin interface.ResultsResults revealed no change in TEWL in the loaded dry pad condition. By contrast, when the pads contained moisture, significant increases in TEWL were observed. These increases were reversed during off-loading. Inflammatory biomarkers, specifically IL-1α/total protein ratio, were up-regulated during dry pad loading, which recovered during off-loading. Loaded moist pads caused a significant increase in biomarkers, which remained elevated throughout the test period.ConclusionThe study revealed a marked compromise to stratum corneum integrity when the skin was exposed to moist incontinence pads in combination with mechanical loads. These physiological changes were largely reversed during off-loading. Incontinence pads provided some protection in the dry state, although more research is required to determine optimal clinical guidance for their use.     

中药石韦中黄酮类成分微乳薄层色谱分析研究

目的：探究微乳薄层色谱及其图像分析在中药石韦中的鉴别应用。方法：以传统有机相和SDS-正丁醇-正庚烷-水微乳液作为展开剂，通过普通硅胶G板，高效硅胶薄膜和聚酰胺薄层层析，分离鉴别了中药石韦中黄酮类化学成分，考察了提取溶剂、微乳液类型、改性剂等因素对分离效果的影响。结果：中药石韦的最佳提取溶剂为60％乙醇，最佳展开溶剂为含水量75％的微乳溶液，加0．8mL甲酸和0．2mL丙酮作为改性剂。结论：该法分离效果显著，实验时间短，灵敏度高，各类组分可同时分析鉴定，点样量小，斑点清晰，圆而集中，且不使用刺激性强的有机溶剂，为石韦的鉴别提供了一种简便、准确方法。     

浅析张仲景从水气论治头眩

通过研究张仲景《伤寒杂病论》中对头眩的辨治,探讨除风、火、虚可致头眩外,水气亦是导致头眩的重要因素,并初探水气的概念、水气致病的表现、水气致眩的理论,仲景从水气角度辨证施治,立法选方用药,创立了多首治水方剂,为后人辨治头眩奠定良好的基础。     

Focused beam reflectance measurement to monitor nimodipine precipitation process

Crystallization of nimodipine in liquid-filled soft gelatin capsule during storage was reported for some commercial products, resulting in product recalls due to product quality and more importantly safety concerns. In this study, a real time particle monitoring tool, focused beam reflectance measurement, was used to evaluate the precipitation conditions of nimodipine in co-solvents. Upon water addition, two particle populations were discovered, appearing at different percentage of water content. Two transitions (i.e. sudden increase in particle counts) were observed, possibility related to nucleation and crystal growth of nimodipine. Furthermore, lowering storage temperature increased the tendency of nimodipine precipitation. Most critically, it was determined that with certain excipient, the drug precipitation occurred at approximately 7% (w/w) water content. Considering that all the orally administered liquid filled soft gelatin capsule shells contain residue water content as plasticizer, moisture transfer from the shell to the formulation may occur during long term storage, resulting in drug precipitation, particularly under cold temperature conditions.