农村丧亲个体应对策略的定性研究:以江西省上饶县某农村为例

目的:初步研究中国农村丧亲个体的哀伤应对策略.方法:选取9名江西东北部某农村丧亲个体进行深入访谈,将访谈资料逐字转录,使用Nvivo 7.0管理资料,采用主题分析法对资料进行分析.结果:丧亲后的个体会经历强烈的哀伤,他们采用的应对策略包括葬礼仪式、处理遗物、归因、背鬼、压抑、回避、投身事物、社会交往、葬礼后仪式和保持联结.这些应对策略又可以归入到丽个更高级别——丧失指向的应对和恢复指向的应对——的分类中.每个丧亲者均会使用不同形式的丧失指向的应对和恢复指向的应对,随着时间的变化,丧失指向的应对变少,恢复指向的应对增多.丧亲者在两种应对之间有良好的摆动.结论:农村个体的哀伤应对策略有其独特性,对哀伤平复有良好的作用.仪式对哀伤平复有非常重要的作用.     

A Theoretical Model of Transition to Practice for Athletic Trainers

ContextThe transition to practice of newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) has become an area of focus in the athletic training literature. However, no theoretical model has been developed to describe the phenomenon and drive investigation.ObjectiveTo better understand the lived experience of the transition to practice and develop a theoretical model of transition to practice for ATs.DesignQualitative study.SettingTelephone interviews.Patients or Other ParticipantsFourteen professional master''s athletic training students (7 men, 7 women, age = 25.6 ± 3.7 years, from 9 higher education institutions) in the first year of clinical practice as newly credentialed ATs.Data Collection and AnalysisParticipants completed semistructured phone interviews at 3 timepoints over 12 to 15 months. The first interview was conducted just before graduation, the second 4 to 6 months later, and the third at 10 to 12 months. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.ResultsWe developed a theoretical model to explain the causal conditions that triggered transition, how the causal conditions were experienced, the coping strategies used to persist through the first year of practice, and the consequences of those strategies.ConclusionsThe model provides a framework for new athletic training clinicians, educators, and employers to better understand the transition process in order to help new clinicians respond by accepting or adapting to their environment or their behaviors.     

ICU机械通气病人获得性肌无力危险因素分析及其护理对策

目的:探讨重症监护室(ICU)机械通气病人获得性肌无力的危险因素及其护理对策。方法:选择2017年8月—2019年8月医院ICU收治的机械通气病人120例,回顾性分析病人的临床资料,通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析筛选获得性肌无力的危险因素,探究其护理对策。结果:120例ICU机械通气病人中38例发生了获得性肌无力,发生率为31.67%;单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分>20分、制动时间>48 h、CRRT治疗、血乳酸水平升高、合并脓毒症、机械通气时间>7 d、ICU入住时长>14 d是ICU机械通气病人获得性肌无力发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:ICU机械通气病人发生获得性肌无力的危险因素复杂,需根据以上危险因素制定针对性的护理干预措施,加强护理干预。     

Dissemination,Implementation, and Improvement Science Research in Population Health: Opportunities for Public Health and CTSAs

Importance

The complex, dynamic nature of health systems requires dissemination, implementation, and improvement (DII) sciences to effectively translate emerging knowledge into practice. Although they hold great promise for informing multisector policies and system‐level changes, these methods are often not strategically used by public health.

Objectives and Methods

More than 120 stakeholders from Southern California, including the community, federal and local government, university, and health services were convened to identify key priorities and opportunities for public health departments and Clinical and Translational Science Awards programs (CTSAs) to advance DII sciences in population health.

Main Outcomes

Participants identified challenges (mismatch of practice realities with narrowly focused research questions; lack of iterative learning) and solutions (using methods that fit the dynamic nature of the real world; aligning theories of change across sectors) for applying DII science research to public health problems. Pragmatic steps that public health and CTSAs can take to facilitate DII science research include: employing appropriate study designs; training scientists and practicing professionals in these methods; securing resources to advance this work; and supporting team science to solve complex‐systems issues.

Conclusions

Public health and CTSAs represent a unique model of practice for advancing DII research in population health. The partnership can inform policy and program development in local communities.     

ALK抑制剂在NSCLC中的耐药机制及逆转策略的研究进展

间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）抑制剂是目前治疗NSCLC伴ALK阳性的有效药物,然而,耐药性的产生严重限制了其临床应用。本文对ALK抑制剂耐药产生的主要机制如二次基因突变、基因扩增、旁路通路激活等进行了简要介绍,并对联合用药、开发新型PROTAC降解剂等逆转耐药策略进行了综述,以期为ALK抑制剂药物的未来发展提供参考。     

综合性康复介入辅助早期营养支持策略对早产儿营养状况及生长发育的影响

目的探讨综合性康复介入辅助早期营养支持策略治疗对早产儿营养状况及生长发育的影响。方法选取2015年1月～2018年8月在我院妇产科出生的早产儿120例。将其分为观察组与对照组,每组60例。两组早产儿均予以早期营养支持策略,对照组予以婴儿常规体检并采用常规育儿方式进行养育;观察组在对照组基础上予以综合性康复介入辅助治疗。观察并比较两组早产儿2周内营养状况及生长发育指标变化情况。结果治疗2周后,两组早产儿血清PA和ALB水平均较出生时明显上升(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组早产儿上升幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);同时观察组早产儿体质量、头围增加速度和身长增长速率明显快于对照组(P0.05)。结论综合性康复介入辅助早期营养支持策略治疗用于早产儿不仅可显著提高血清PA和ALB水平,改善其营养状况;而且可加快早产儿的生长速率,促进其生长发育,降低生长迟缓发生率。     

某医院住院医师规范化培训现存问题与应对策略

住院医师规范化培训工作中存在的诸多问题,严重制约着住院医师成长与医院发展。本文探讨2017～2019年安徽某大学附属医院住院医师规范化培训工作中存在的主要问题,提出有效应对策略,并在实践工作中取得一定成效。通过阐述该院住院医师规范化培训主要政策内容与评价标准,加强对住院医师规范化培训学员的管控力度,落实住院医师培训考核与奖惩措施,逐步提高住院医师培训学员的收入与待遇,从而完善医院住院医师规范化培训的工作制度。进一步思考与总结现行医院住院医师规范化培训管理模式,优化医院现有人力资源配置,为探索改进住院医师规范化培训工作提供更好的发展思路。     

医学专业本科生英语写作策略研究

采用实证手段调研医学专业本科生在英语写作中的写作策略使用情况。结果表明,医学专业本科生写作策略使用水平一般,其使用模式是：写作前,元认知策略运用较多,记忆策略和社会互动策略运用较少;写作中,记忆策略、认知策略和社会互动策略运用较多,补偿策略运用较少;写作后,补偿策略运用较多,社会互动策略运用较少。成绩层次高的学生的写作策略使用水平普遍优于成绩层次低的学生,两者在写作前、中、后的大多数策略使用上存在明显差异;成绩层次高的学生在写作前更善于审题、构思和拟提纲,在写作中更注重支撑句/扩展句,写作后更注重作文的整体结构。结合以上发现,还探讨了改进大学英语写作教学的一些措施。