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81.
颅脑损伤患者上消化道出血的预防和治疗(附625例报告) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的探讨颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的预防措施及其治疗方法。方法回顾性分析625例颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的病例,在治疗原发伤病基础上,采用止血、制酸、保护胃黏膜等对症处理,同时应用阿托品治疗22例;胃镜下治疗8例;胃次全切除术5例。结果本组病例中,治愈572例,缓解36例,无效5例,死亡12例,其中阿托品治愈20例;胃镜下治愈6例;胃次全切除术治愈4例。结论预防和治疗的重点是消除颅脑损伤病灶和保护胃黏膜,常规处理方案效果满意,简单、经济且安全有效,但必要时应及时使用特殊治疗手段,以迅速控制出血病情。 相似文献
82.
目的探讨微创治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果。方法根据CT定位,使用YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎仪对颅内血肿碎吸引流。结果治疗36例,存活出院34例,死亡2例。结论微创治疗高血压脑出血,操作简便、安全,疗效好,费用低,是对高血压脑出血治疗的有效的治疗方法。 相似文献
83.
小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的诊断和治疗 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的临床特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析12例小脑后下动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学特征、手术效果及诊治过程中存在的相关问题。结果12例中有11例因动脉瘤破裂出血而发病,单纯第四脑室出血4例,全脑室系统出血2例,小脑半球出血3例,小脑蚓部伴第四脑室出血1例,侧脑室伴第三脑室出血1例,以后颅窝占位病变表现1例。8例术前行DSA检查明确诊断,4例术中明确诊断。12例均行后颅窝开颅显微手术治疗,其中动脉瘤颈夹闭9例,孤立切除2例,动脉瘤加固术1例,术后2例因脑积水加重行脑室-腹腔分流术。12例中除1例术后留有轻偏瘫外,其余11例恢复良好。结论小脑后下动脉瘤多以第四脑室出血发病,少数以小脑半球或蚓部出血发病,及早治疗效果满意。手术方式应尽量夹闭动脉瘤颈,对于小脑后下动脉末端动脉瘤,可以采用孤立切除术。 相似文献
84.
目的:研究旨在探讨结直肠癌手术死亡相关的临床病理影响因素.方法:回顾中山大学肿瘤防治中心1964年1月至2004年12月经手术治疗的4498例结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料,应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析手术死亡的相关影响因素.结果:全组手术死亡者共62例,手术死亡率为1.38%,主要死亡原因为多器官功能衰竭、中毒性休克、心血管疾病、急性肾功能衰竭、吻合口漏等.单因素分析显示,性别、术前基础疾病、术前合并症、腹水、手术年代、手术性质、Dukes分期、术后并发症等为影响手术死亡的因素,而年龄、肿瘤部位、组织类型、病理分级与手术死亡无关.多因素分析表明,术前基础疾病、术前合并症、腹水、手术年代、手术性质、Dukes分期、术后并发症是结直肠癌手术死亡的独立影响因素.结论:术前基础疾病、术前合并症、腹水、手术年代、手术性质、Dukes分期、术后并发症是结直肠癌手术死亡的独立影响因素. 相似文献
85.
86.
Effects of Ethanol in an Experimental Model of Combined Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Brian J. Zink MD Susan A. Stern MD Xu Wang MD Carl C. Chudnofsky MD 《Academic emergency medicine》1998,5(1):9-17
Objectives: Given that clinical and laboratory studies suggest that ethanol and hemorrhagic shock (HS) potentiate traumatic brain injury (TBI), the authors studied the effects of ethanol in a model of combined TBI and HS.
Methods: A controlled porcine model of combined TBI and HS was evaluated for the effect of ethanol on survival time, hemodynamic function, and cerebral tissue perfusion. Anesthetized swine (17–24 kg) were instrumented, splenectomized, and subjected to fluid percussion TBI with concurrent 25-mL/kg graded hemorrhage over 30 minutes. Two groups were studied: control ( n = 11) and ethanol ( n = 11). Ethanol, 3.5 g/kg intragastric, was given 100 minutes prior to TBI/HS. Systemic and cerebral physiologic and metabolic parameters were monitored for 2 hours without resuscitation. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and renal blood flow were measured with dye-labeled microspheres. Data were analyzed with 2-sample t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results: Ethanol levels at the time of injury were 162 ± 68 mg/dL. Average TBI was 2.65 ± 0.35 atm. Survival time was significantly shorter in the ethanol group (60 ± 27 min vs 94 ± 28 min, p = 0.011). The ethanol group had significantly lower mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral venous
O2 saturation in the postinjury period. Cerebral O2 extraction ratios and cerebral venous lactate levels were significantly higher in the ethanol group. A trend toward lower postinjury rCBF in all brain regions was observed in the ethanol group.
Conclusion: In this TBI/HS model, ethanol administration decreased survival time, impaired the hemodynamic response, and worsened measures of cerebral tissue perfusion. 相似文献
Methods: A controlled porcine model of combined TBI and HS was evaluated for the effect of ethanol on survival time, hemodynamic function, and cerebral tissue perfusion. Anesthetized swine (17–24 kg) were instrumented, splenectomized, and subjected to fluid percussion TBI with concurrent 25-mL/kg graded hemorrhage over 30 minutes. Two groups were studied: control ( n = 11) and ethanol ( n = 11). Ethanol, 3.5 g/kg intragastric, was given 100 minutes prior to TBI/HS. Systemic and cerebral physiologic and metabolic parameters were monitored for 2 hours without resuscitation. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and renal blood flow were measured with dye-labeled microspheres. Data were analyzed with 2-sample t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results: Ethanol levels at the time of injury were 162 ± 68 mg/dL. Average TBI was 2.65 ± 0.35 atm. Survival time was significantly shorter in the ethanol group (60 ± 27 min vs 94 ± 28 min, p = 0.011). The ethanol group had significantly lower mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral venous
O
Conclusion: In this TBI/HS model, ethanol administration decreased survival time, impaired the hemodynamic response, and worsened measures of cerebral tissue perfusion. 相似文献
87.
Cerebralvasospasm(CVS)remainsoneofthemajorcausesofseriousoutcomeinpatientswithsubarachnoidhemorrhage(SAH);however,themechanismofwhichisstillnotwellunderstood.Sofaralargenumberofputativespasmogenshavebeenproposedandoneofwhichisendothelins(ETs).ETs,akindofverypotentendogenousvasoconstrictorsubstancesknown[1],hasthreeiso-forms:ET-1,2and3,andET-1isthemostpo-tentvasoconstrictorofthem.lnrecentstudies,ET-lhasbeenproposedasamediatorofCVSfol-lowingSAH[2-4j.TheavailabilityofETantagonistprovided… 相似文献
88.
William M. Chadduck Duc H. Duong John M. Kast David J. Donahue 《Child's nervous system》1995,11(10):579-583
Cerebellar hemorrhage is a devastating condition with morbidity and mortality related not only to the etiology of the hemorrhage, but also to the timing of the intervention. Sixteen consecutive pediatric patients with acute cerebellar hemorrhages are presented: 6 had vascular abnormalities, 3 had tumors, and 2 had hemorrhages of unknown etiology. Thirteen of the 16 patients survived with only 1 of the 13 having persistent vegetative state as a neurologic outcome. Six of 8 patients presenting in a moribund condition had good outcomes, and 3 of 4 patients presenting with fixed and dilated pupils also had good outcomes. Thus, in contrast to adults, rapid evaluation by CT scanning, followed by the judicious use of ventricular drainage and prompt surgical treatment, have resulted in favorable outcomes in pediatric patients despite their poor clinical presentations. None of the neonates having cerebellar hemorrhages required surgical intervention; their courses could be followed clinically and with transfontanel ultrasound.Presented as a poster at the 14th Congress of the European Society for Paediatric Neurosurgery, Lyon, France, 21–23 September 1994, and the XXII Annual Meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham, UK, 25–28 September 1994 相似文献
89.
90.
本文阐述了奥美拉唑(Omeprazole)治疗急性上消化道大出血80例与法莫替丁(Famotidine)治疗上消化道大出血50例比较,前者有效率明显高于后者。提示奥美拉唑治疗急性上消化道大出血效果好,无副作用,减少了手术率、死亡率,是一种有效的止血药物。 相似文献