土木香化学成分研究

目的研究土木香Inula helenium根的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、TLC和HPLC等多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,运用核磁波谱技术及参考文献数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从土木香根提取物中分离得到22个化合物,分别鉴定为土木香内酯(1)、异土木香内酯(2)、4,4-二甲基甾醇(3)、11αH,13-二氢异土木香内酯(4)、11αH,13-二氢土木香内酯(5)、4(15)-环氧异土木香内酯(6)、5α,6α-环氧土木香内酯(7)、别土木香内酯(8)、异别土木香内酯(9)、木栓酮(10)、木栓醇(11)、古柯二醇(12)、β-谷甾醇葡萄糖苷(13)、羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(14)、羽扇豆酮(15)、羽扇豆醇(16)、δ-香树素(17)、羽扇豆醇棕榈酸酯(18)、5,7,4′-三羟基-3′,5′-二甲氧基黄酮(19)、(+)-丁香树脂酚(20)、3,5,3′-三羟基-6,7,4′-三甲氧基黄酮(21)、3,5,6,7,3′-五羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮(22)。结论化合物21、22为首次从该属植物中分离得到;化合物10~15、17、18为首次从土木香中分离得到。经过抗菌测试筛选发现化合物1、2、4、5、7~9对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及枯草芽孢杆菌均具有抑菌作用。     

基于在体循环肠灌流模型分析羊耳菊提取物的肠吸收特性

目的:考察羊耳菊提取物在大鼠肠内的吸收特征。方法:采用大鼠在体循环肠灌流模型,选择羊耳菊提取物中东莨菪苷等9种代表性成分为考察对象,建立其UPLC-MS/MS并测量各成分的累计吸收量,探究药物质量浓度,胆汁,P-糖蛋白(P-gp)抑制剂及不同肠段对羊耳菊提取物中东莨菪苷等成分肠吸收的影响,阐明各成分在不同肠段的吸收特征。结果:东莨菪苷在高质量浓度条件下存在饱和现象,提示可能的吸收方式为主动转运,而1,3-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸等其余8种成分则无明显高浓度饱和现象,提示这8种成分可能的吸收方式均为被动扩散。木犀草苷,1,3-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸,3,4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸和4,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的主要吸收部位在空肠,东莨菪苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的主要吸收部位在回肠,绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸的主要吸收部位在十二指肠。羊耳菊提取物中东莨菪苷等9种成分的肠吸收均受到p H和胆汁的影响。结论:羊耳菊提取物中9种成分在小肠均有吸收,但各成分的吸收速率、最佳吸收部位及吸收机制不尽相同。     

Antimicrobial Effects of Inula viscosa Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm

Given the undesirable side effects of commercially used mouth rinses that include chemically synthesized antimicrobial compounds such as chlorhexidine, it is essential to discover novel antimicrobial substances based on plant extracts. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effect of Inula viscosa extract on the initial microbial adhesion in the oral cavity. Individual test splints were manufactured for the participants, on which disinfected bovine enamel samples were attached. After the initial microbial adhesion, the biofilm-covered oral samples were removed and treated with different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg/mL) of an I. viscosa extract for 10 min. Positive and negative controls were also sampled. Regarding the microbiological parameters, the colony-forming units (CFU) and vitality testing (live/dead staining) were examined in combination with fluorescence microscopy. An I. viscosa extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL killed the bacteria of the initial adhesion at a rate of 99.99% (log₁₀ CFU value of 1.837 ± 1.54). Compared to the negative control, no killing effects were determined after treatment with I. viscosa extract at concentrations of 10 mg/mL (log₁₀ CFU value 3.776 ± 0.831; median 3.776) and 20 mg/mL (log₁₀ CFU value 3.725 ± 0.300; median 3.711). The live/dead staining revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.0001) of vital adherent bacteria after treatment with 10 mg/mL of I. viscosa extract. After treatment with an I. viscosa extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL, no vital bacteria could be detected. For the first time, significant antimicrobial effects on the initial microbial adhesion in in situ oral biofilms were reported for an I. viscosa extract.     

羊耳菊有机溶剂提取物的抑菌作用研究

目的:评价羊耳菊提取物抗微生物活性,为广泛应用于传统医药系统的药物提供科学依据。方法:通过使用不断增强极性的有机溶剂,即石油醚、氯仿、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮和冰醋酸,获得羊耳菊根、茎、叶的提取物。使用药敏纸片扩散法和试管二倍稀释法,研究了提取物对大肠杆菌(E.coliO1)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphy-lococcus aureus 91053)、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella paratyphiA)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)的体外抑菌特性。结果:羊耳菊不同有机溶剂提取物都具有抑菌作用,其中,冰醋酸提取物的抑菌效果最好,其次是乙醇和丙酮提取物,石油醚提取物抑菌效果略差;根和叶提取物抑菌作用比茎提取物好;提取物对革兰氏阳性抑制效果比革兰氏阴性菌好。结论:羊耳菊有机溶液提取物体外试验证实了该民间药物具有抗菌活性,也表明了羊耳菊是一种有开发潜力的新抗菌药物资源。     

Livedo racemosa associated with central venous catheter use in a newborn

Livedo racemosa (LRac) refers to violaceous, red, or blue netlike mottling of the skin in an irregular pattern caused by circulatory abnormalities. Central venous catheters (CVC) are widely used in neonates who require intensive care to offer steady intravenous access. CVCs are covered with a hydrophilic polymer gel that reduces friction between the sheath and the vessel wall, thereby minimizing vascular spasm, irritation, and aneurysm formation. However, the introduction of foreign material into the vein carries a risk of embolization. Recently, LRac was reported as a cutaneous manifestation of hydrophilic polymer gel embolization (HPE) in adults. We present a case of LRac in a newborn that developed following CVC insertion and resolved spontaneously after the catheter was removed.     

UHPLC指纹图谱结合化学计量学评价不同产地显脉旋覆花花序的质量

目的建立不同产地显脉旋覆花Inula nervosa Wall.花序的超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)指纹图谱,用于显脉旋覆花花序质量的评价。方法采用Agilent Poroshell 120 C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm);以0.1%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速:0.3 mL·min^-1,检测波长:254 nm。对建立的指纹图谱的主要特征峰进行确认,采用相似度评价软件,结合主成分分析(PCA)方法,对21个批次药材进行质量评价。结果建立了显脉旋覆花花序的UHPLC指纹图谱,用对照品标定了9个峰,相似度在0.9以上,21批药材亲缘关系较近。PCA可直观地把4个不同产地的样品进行分类。结论该方法专属性强,重现性良好,可为显脉旋覆花花序的鉴别及质量评价提供依据。