"杂交"技术治疗新生儿期室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁

室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁（pulmonary atresia with intact venuicular septum，PAIVS）是一种较为少见的动脉导管依赖性先天性心脏病。尽早右心室解压，恢复肺动脉前向血流，对后续的右心室和肺血管发育具有十分重要的意义。     

主动脉阻断期间含氧血持续肺动脉灌注的肺保护研究

目的评估体外循环主动脉阻断期间应用含氧血持续肺动脉灌注对肺功能的保护作用.方法选择杂种上海犬(上海农科院犬养殖厂)12只,体重7～12 kg.随机分成应用含氧血持续肺动脉灌注的实验组和对照组,分别测定体外循环前、结束即刻、结束后1 h的肺功能,体外循环术后2组左、右心房内血白细胞记数以及肺水含量的变化.体外循环转流前、后分别在右肺门处随机切取肺组织(3 cm×3 cm大小)送病理检查.结果术后实验组的肺功能明显改善,左、右心房血白细胞记数差异无显著性,肺水含量与对照组比较差异无显著意义.对照组显示肺泡间质明显水肿,肺泡内大量的中性粒细胞渗出,实验组保留了正常的肺组织结构.结论含氧血持续肺动脉灌注可减轻主动脉阻断期间肺组损伤,保护术后肺功能.     

肺癌侵犯中央肺动脉继发肺低灌注的CT与DSA对照研究

目的　探讨肺癌侵犯中央肺动脉继发肺低灌注的CT特征及其诊断价值。方法　对2 0例手术及病理证实的肺癌侵犯中央肺动脉 (cancerousinvasionofcentralpulmonaryarteriesinlungcancer,CICPA)患者术前肺血管DSA及增强螺旋CT(含高分辨率CT ,即HRCT)征象行前瞻性对照研究。根据DSA和CT胸膜下末梢肺动脉分布和数量变化 ,即肺血管征、肺毛细血管充盈度和肺实质强化后密度及时间 密度曲线变化 (即肺实质征 ) ,行两者间的盲法对照 ,统计学分析CT与DSA征象及其一致性 ,评估CT对CICPA继发肺低灌注的诊断价值。结果　 2 0例手术病理证实的CICPA病例中 ,共3 0支肺叶动脉受累 ,DSA显示 90 % (2 7/3 0 )出现肺叶低灌注征象 ,CT诊断肺低灌注敏感度为 78%(2 1/2 7) ,特异度 10 0 % (3 /3 ) ,准确度 80 % (2 4/3 0 )。肺低灌注与CPA狭窄程度无明显相关性 (rs=0 40 ,P =0 0 73 )。CT与DSA的肺血管征一致性较好 (Kappa =0 69,P <0 0 0 1) ,而肺实质征一致性稍差 (Kappa =0 3 7,P =0 0 11)。结论　肺低灌注是肺癌侵犯中央肺动脉的常见表现 ,CT对其定性诊断具有重要价值 ,而定量判断有一定限度     

肺动脉暂时阻断在肺叶切除术中的应用

1997年 10月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,我们在肺叶切除术中应用肺动脉暂时阻断控制出血 ,修补或切断肺动脉 ,取得满意效果 ,报道如下。1　临床资料本组 11例 ,男 7例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 3 5～ 66岁 ,平均 5 2岁肿瘤侵犯肺叶动脉 7例 ,淋巴结粘连 3例。鳞癌 8例 ,腺癌 3例。在手术探查时均发现肿瘤或淋巴结与周围组织 ,特别是与肺血管紧密粘连。先分离胸膜 ,切断下肺韧带 ,用心脏手术下腔静脉阻断带绕过肺门 ,套管备用 ;然后解剖分离肿瘤、淋巴结、肺血管 ,一旦出现肺动脉出血 ,则收紧阻断带 ,暂时控制出血。在无血视野下处理肺血管、肿瘤。2　结果应用…     

肺心病病人的夜间观察与护理

慢性肺源性心脏病(简称肺心病)，是由于支气管、肺、胸廓或肺动脉的慢性病变所致肺循环阻力增加，肺动脉高压进而使右心室肥厚、扩大，甚至发生右心功能衰竭的心脏病。其合并症多，病死率较高，病情复杂多变，尤其是夜间子夜时分，肺心病患者病情加重者较多。因此夜间病情观察非常重要。早期发现病情变化，给予及时处理是抢救成功的关键。     

先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的电子束CT诊断

目的 评价电子束CT(EBCT)诊断先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的价值。方法 对经平片、超声心动图检查后拟诊为肺血管疾病或原发性肺动脉高压的患者行EBCT检查，EBCT诊断先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的11例患者入选，并与超声心动图、核素通气灌注扫描、心血管造影的检查结果作进一步的比较及评估。结果 单发一侧肺动脉缺如4例，均为女性成年人。合并多发心血管畸形7例，其中合并复杂畸形3例，均为男性儿童和左肺动脉缺如；合并单发心血管畸形4例，其中3例为右肺动脉缺如。结论 (1)儿童时期明确诊断的一侧肺动脉缺如多合并有心血管畸形，且左肺动脉缺如多见，成年人明确诊断的单发一侧肺动脉缺如多为右肺动脉缺如。(2)EBCT对先天性一侧肺动脉缺如的诊断有较高的实用价值，较之多普勒超声更为准确，与心血管造影各具独特优势，但EBCT为无创检查是其特点。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.