Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity suggests that ganglion cells in the goldfish retina are not cholinergic

Published evidence that ganglion cells in the retinae of nonmammalian species are cholinergic is strong but indirect. In this paper we report results of attempts to demonstrate choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in ganglion cells of goldfish retina using two different antisera against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme. We obtained ChAT-immunoreactive staining of amacrine and displaced amacrine cells in the retina and type XIV cells in the tectum, but we obtained no direct immunocytochemical evidence that ganglion cells in the goldfish retina are cholinergic. Thus, ganglion cells identified by retrograde transport of propidium iodide were never ChAT-immunoreactive. Intraocular injections of colchicine did not result in the appearance of a population of ChAT-immunoreactive neurons in the ganglion cell layer. ChAT-immunoreactive axons were not observed in intact, ligated, or transected optic nerves. And finally, the ChAT immunoreactivity of cells and fibers in the optic tectum was unaffected by deafferentation. These experiments provide no positive evidence that any ganglion cells in goldfish retina contain the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, ChAT. While it is possible that our method is too insensitive to detect the enzyme in ganglion cell somata or too specific to recognize the form of ChAT present in these cells, the fact that we can stain putatively cholinergic retinal amacrine cells and tectal neurons makes these alternative explanations improbable. We conclude that it is unlikely that any of the ganglion cells in the retina are cholinergic and that alternative explanations should be sought for previously published results that suggest that they are.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺臭氧消融治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺椎间盘内、外注射臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效.方法 在CT导向下经皮穿刺盘内注射医用臭氧(60 mg/L)5～10 ml、盘外(椎间孔)注射医用臭氧(40 mg/L)10 ml治疗腰椎间盘突出症38例.结果 38例随访6个月,按照改良MacNab疗效评定标准进行评定:优15例,良21例,差2例,优良率94.5%.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有定位准确、操作简单、疗效确切、并发症少等优点.     

非动脉炎性AION中缺血部位及水肿程度对中心视力的影响

目的 :探讨非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变 (nonarteriticanteriorischemicopticneuropathy ,NAION)中视盘水肿程度、缺血部位对中心视力的影响 ,以利于疗效评定及预后判断。方法 :2 40例NAION患者 (160例接受住院治疗 )的临床资料 ,结合视野和荧光眼底血管造影 (fundusfluoresceinangiography ,FFA)检查进行治疗前中心视力与水肿程度、缺血部位两方面统计分析 ,并分析治疗效果。结果 :2 40例NAION患者发病时中心视力的损害程度 ,依视盘缺血部位、水肿程度之不同而均有显著的差异 (P <0 0 0 5 )。 160例住院患者 ,视盘水肿消退时间最长为 3 5天 ,最短 11天 ,平均时间 2 1 5天 ,FFA复查四项指标改善率 88 1% ,中心视力两行行上者 10 4例 ,占 65 %。结论 :视盘的缺血部位及水肿程度是影响NAION中心视力的重要因素之一 ,积极针对性的治疗对防止NAION致盲有重要意义。     

前部缺血性视神经病变诊断要点探讨

目的：报告19例22眼前部缺血性视神经病变的多种临床表现，探讨本病诊断要点。方法：应用眼底血管荧光造影和静态定量视野检查的方法，探讨多种改变形式。结果：视盘荧光充盈延缓和视盘荧光充盈缺损为造影主要表现；半盲，象限盲或扇形视野缺损为视野主要改变。结论：本病我发于50岁以上老年患者，其诊断主要依据较有特点的发病史，眼底血管荧光造影和视野改变特点来判断。及时诊断与治疗有利于本病的恢复。     

腰椎间盘突出症的治疗

本文从一般治疗、药物治疗、物理治疗、微创手术等方面介绍腰椎间盘突出症的综合治疗，特别强调正确选择适应证、熟悉相关解剖知识、熟练掌握操作技术、重视辅助治疗是提高疗效和减少并发症的关键。     

不同入路视神经管减压开放术疗效分析

目的：对比分析不同入路视寞刘经管减压术的疗效。方法：比较1989年10月至2000年10月北京同仁医院收治178例进行不同入路视神经管减压术的患者的手术效果。结果：鼻外开筛视神经管减压开放术总有效率为64.5%，眶缘筛前-筛后入路视神经管减压开放术总有效率为63.0%。经颅视神经管减压开放术总有效率为78.0%。结论：经颅视神经管减压开放术，术野开阔，解剖清晰，可直接充分有效地开放视神经管骨壁，本术式疗效高，安全，有条件的地方应积极推广应用。     

240例社区内就诊的腰椎间盘突出症患者临床资料分析

目的：探讨社区内就诊椎间盘突出症病人的临床资料,以便更好地指导社区医疗临床。方法：对在广西南宁市五所社区门诊的240例非急性期腰椎间盘突出症患者的相关临床资料进行总结和分析。结果：本组240例患者中,女性发病率略高于男性,发病年龄多集中在40~59岁之间,职业以非体力劳动者为主,长期慢性积累性劳损、腰部外伤史是发病的主要因素,病程较短但容易复发。结论：社区内就诊椎间盘突出症病人有不同于住院椎间盘突出症病人的临床特征。     

水通道蛋白3在人正常椎间盘中的表达

目的 观察水通道蛋白-3(aquaporin-3)在人正常椎间盘中的表达及分布.方法 收集10例青年人因腰椎骨折行椎间融合手术摘除的正常椎间盘样本,运用免疫组织化学、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、 Western blot检测AQP3在椎间盘中的表达及分布.结果 免疫组织化学显示AQP3表达于椎体软骨终板类软骨细胞,髓核和纤维环未见表达;RT-PCR显示AQP3 mRNA在椎体软骨终板及髓核组织有表达;Western blot检测显示椎间盘组织在29×103左右有一特异性条带.结论 AQP3在人正常椎间盘中的表达及分布提示其可能参与椎间盘内液体平衡,对维持椎间盘组织的正常生理功能、在椎间盘退变的发病机制中可能有重要作用.     

腰椎间盘突出症非手术治疗的护理进展

腰椎间盘突出症患者约80%～90%采用非手术治疗后病情好转或被治愈.而非手术治疗的方法也多种多样,我们根据病情及个体差异采取相应的护理对策,在治疗前、治疗中、治疗后做好心理疏导,稳定情绪,指导合理饮食、防御外邪及正确演示、教会患者各阶段各种功能锻炼的方法与技巧,帮助患者养成良好的健康习惯,对于恢复健康、防止复发有着重要意义.护理质量的高低,直接影响病人疾病的康复.近几年来,随着医疗水平的不断发展,护理也在不断地探索新方法,为使患者早日回归社会,提高患者的生活质量让我们护理人员共同努力.     

Combined Optic Neuropathy and Myelopathy Secondary to Copper Deficiency

We report two patients, both with a history of gastric surgery, who presented with progressive optic neuropathy and myelopathy. The patients' symptoms were initially attributed to vitamin B12 deficiency and/or neuromyelitis optica; however, after the neurologic deficits continued to progress with the use of conventional treatments, further evaluation was initiated, and a severe copper deficiency was revealed. Copper deficiency is a rare cause of progressive optic neuropathy and myelopathy and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is crucial to elicit a history of gastric surgery or other risk factors for hypocupremia in those patients undergoing an evaluation for subacute or chronically progressive optic neuropathy or myelopathy.