20世纪末广西人口自杀死亡率的流行病学调查研究

目的:查明20世纪末广西人口自杀死亡的发生强度,研究自杀死亡的各种有关因素和预防自杀的策略措施.方法:以分层随机整群抽样的方法,确定调查样本.结果:自杀的粗死亡率为14.87/105;自杀死者的年龄为6～94岁,中位数为38.68岁;每位自杀死者平均减寿27.92岁;女性的自杀死亡危险性高于男性;男女两性在20～岁年龄组,自杀死亡率均呈突然陡升;在20岁以上的人群中,有配偶者的自杀死亡率低于其他各种婚姻状况者;受教育程度较高者,其自杀死亡率较低.以上差异,均有统计学显著性.结论:妇女在家庭与社会中的地位问题,青年人的升学、就业与婚姻问题,老年人对家庭与社会的特殊需求问题,等等,都是自杀的预防与控制的关键问题.     

苏州市新生儿黄疸初步调查

本文总结分析了 1995年 8月～ 1996年 7月在我院出生的 15 3例正常新生儿血清总胆红素水平。根据本组结果和全国黄疸调查协作组对血清胆红素 >12 .9mg/dl的新生儿作脑干听力诱发电位无异常发现 ,提示正常新生儿高胆红素血症的诊断标准应作适当调整 ,而高胆红素干预标准亦应相应提高     

Prevalence and control of arterial hypertension in the south-east of Spain: A radical but still insufficient improvement

Stroke mortality rates in Spain are one of the highest in all of Europe. At the same time, the Murcia region (south-east Spain) shows, for both genders, the highest age-adjusted stroke mortality rates in all of Spain. The earliest available hypertension figure estimations for this area go back to 1981, when a high prevalence combined with an almost nonexistent control was detected. One decade later, updated prevalence estimations of hypertension are presented jointly with their degree of control and their association with other risk factors based on the results of a prevalence survey in a random population sample (n = 3,091). Arterial blood pressure was measured following the MONICA protocol, maintaining a tight quality control on between and within-observer variability. As hypertensive was considered as any person with systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 mmHg or with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90 mmHg or with antihypertensive pharmacological treatment. Detected prevalence rises to 32.3% (CI 95%: 29.1%–35.5%) among males and to 23.7% (CI 95%: 21.4%– 26%) among females, maintaining its level regarding figures observed back in 1981. However, its control has been increased, especially among hypertensive women [from less than 5% in 1981 to 35% (95% CI: 32%–37.8%) at present]. Hypertension is strongly associated to hipercholesterolemia, overweight, obesity and diabetes (p < 0.01). On the contrary, it shows an opposite association with current smoking, higher educational level and leisure time physical activity (p < 0.01). The highest educational level was associated with better hypertension treatment and control. In summary, while hypertension prevalence is stabilized in our population, its control has improved in a measurable but still insufficient way. These results are in accordance with a decreasing trend in stroke mortality registered in the Murcia Region along the last decade.     

A questionnaire to assess the generic and disease-specific health outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C

A 69-item questionnaire measuring generic functioning and well-being and disease-specific health outcomes was developed and tested using the pre-treatment data from patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) participating in two randomized trials of interferon -2b (n = 157). The questionnaire included all eight scales from the SF-36 and measures of nine other generic and disease-specific health concepts. Psychometric tests confirmed the assumptions underlying the construction and scoring of all generic and disease-specific scales. Cross-sectional tests of known groups validity showed that CHC patients scored worse on the generic scales than patients with other chronic conditions and worse than a healthy general population. The generic and disease-specific scale scores were lower in the presence of physical findings of CHC, as hypothesized, but only the physical functioning and bodily pain scales were linked to cirrhosis or extreme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratios. This instrument will be useful in studies of health outcome among patients with CHC, a condition whose health burden appears to have been underestimated in studies to date.     

<内经>各学术流派概述

《内经》中存在着多种学术流派,其学派划分方法目前有两种,即以《内经》中的医家名称为纲和以各专题中的不同学说为纲划分。这两种方法均存在不足之处。以阴阳、五行为纲来探讨《内经》中的医学流派应是今后研究的方向之一。     

A Kiswahili version of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Tanzania: translation and tests of scaling assumptions

The objective of the study was to translate and adapt the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Tanzania and to test the psychometric properties of the Kiswahili SF-36. A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a household survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The IQOLA method of forward and backward translation was used to translate the SF-36 into Kiswahili. The translated questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers to 3,802 adults (50% women, mean (SD) age 31 (13) years, 50% married and 60% with primary education). Data quality and psychometric assumptions underlying the scoring of the eight SF-36 scales were evaluated for the entire sample and separately for the least educated subgroup (n=402), using multitrait scaling analysis. Forward and backward translation procedures resulted in a Kiswahili SF-36 that was considered conceptually equivalent to the US English SF-36. Data quality was excellent: only 1.2% of respondents were excluded because they answered less than half of the items for one or more scales; ninety percent of respondents answered mutually exclusive items consistently. Median item–scale correlations across the eight scales ranged from 0.47 to 0.81 for the entire sample. Median scaling success rates were 100% (range 87.5–100.0). The median internal consistency reliability of the eight scales for the entire sample was 0.81 (range 0.70–0.92). Floor effects were low and ceiling effects were high on five of the eight scales. Results for n=402 people without formal education did not differ substantially from those of the entire sample. The results of data quality and psychometric tests support the scoring of the eight scales using standard scoring algorithms. The Kiswahili translation of the SF-36 may be useful in estimating the health of people in Dar es Salaam. Evidence for the validity of the SF-36 for use in Tanzania needs to be accumulated.     

我国南方武警官兵卫生服务需求分析

目的：探讨武警部队基层官兵卫生服务需求状况及疾病构成。方法：采用国际通用的两周健康询问调查法对淮河以南地区的7个省、自治区总队的1457名武警基层官兵的卫生服务需求进行了问卷调查。数据采用WinSAS6．11统计软件包分析。结呆;两周患病率在武警部队三类支队,干部与战士之间无差异（P＞0．05）;慢性病患病率随军龄延长而升高,存在非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。武警部队官兵两周患病以呼吸系统、传染病和寄生虫病为主;慢性病以骨骼肌肉系统、消化系统疾病为主。结论;南方武警官方的卫生服务需求高于我国城市与农村居民;传染病与社会、心理、行为因素所致的某些非传染性疾病共同成为官兵健康的主要威胁,提示武警部队可能存在潜在的职业性危害因素。     

某艺术中专学生营养知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的 了解艺术中专学生的营养知识、态度、行为状况，为进行学生营养教育提供参考。方法 采用KAP问卷对衡阳艺术学校一、二、三年级408名学生进行营养知识、态度及饮食行为等三方面的调查。结果 艺术中专学生具有一定的营养知识。营养知识测试中三年级成绩好于一、二年级。营养知识主要来源于家长和广播电视。大部分学生有端正的营养态度及良好的饮食习惯，但也存在不定时定量进食、常吃零食及油炸食品等不良饮食行为。结论 艺术中专学校要加强对学生营养知识教育，采用多种形式不断宣传营养知识，使学生养成良好饮食行为。     

妇幼保健人员艾滋病知识态度调查

目的 :了解深圳市妇幼保健人员艾滋病的知识了解情况 ,为进一步做好预防与控制艾滋病及培训工作提供依据。方法 :随机选择 4家医院妇幼保健医务人员进行问卷调查。结果 :(1)调查对象对安全套 ,共用注射针头及输血与艾滋病传播的关系等回答正确率较高 ,而对蚊虫叮咬、母婴传播等问题回答正确率较低。 (2 )相当部分医务人员对 HIV感染者不愿意提供医疗服务。结论 :妇幼保健人员的艾滋病知识不足 ,迫切需要进一步的专业培训 ,同时要宣传对 HIV感染者 (病人 )的关怀政策     

92例男同性性接触者STD/HIV及相关行为调查

目的 :了解男同性性接触者 (MSM)性传播疾病 (STD)感染现况及相关行为 ,为制定对此人群的艾滋病干预政策提供依据。方法 :通过 MSM中的志愿者 ,在 MSM活动的浴室、酒吧、公园等场所 ,对 MSM进行自愿匿名问卷调查。结果 :MSM普遍存在多性伴现象 ,平均 37.8± 10 .8;自我认定性趋向为同性恋者 33.7% ;每次使用安全套为 10 .9% ,从不使用达 6 7.4 % ;有 4 1.3%自诉曾出现性病病征 ;仅有 6 .5 %主动进行抗 - HIV检测。结论 :MSM特定的不安全性行为是造成 STD、 HIV感染和传播的重要因素。