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41.
《Vaccine》2020,38(5):1202-1210
BackgroundMonitoring vaccination coverage is an essential component of vaccination program evaluation. In Québec (Canada), children vaccination coverage surveys are conducted every two years since 2006. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of supplementing data based on vaccination booklets with data from vaccine providers, on the final estimated vaccination coverage and to compare vaccination coverage between respondents to each survey contact attempt.MethodsData from six cross-sectional surveys were used, which included 3508 children aged 2 years. Parents were invited to transcribe the information available in their child’s vaccination booklet on the questionnaire received by mail. The survey included a maximum of 4 contact attempts to obtain a response. Data were completed among vaccine providers identified by parents. The main outcome was a complete vaccination status by 24 months of age.ResultsThe addition of data from vaccine providers to those present in vaccination booklets increased the proportion of children fully vaccinated from 5.5% to 23.7% depending on the survey year. The proportion of children fully vaccinated by 24 months of age estimated among respondents to contact 1 was only 2.1% higher than the estimates among all respondents.ConclusionsWithout validation among vaccine providers for children with missing doses according to vaccination booklets, results underestimated vaccination coverage in the target population. Conducting multiple contact attempts increased the response rate but had limited impact on the validity of estimates. It would be useful in future surveys to present the coverage obtain from respondents to each contact attempt. 相似文献
42.
《Sleep medicine》2020
Study objectivesTo analyze the association between sleep-related symptoms and sleep length in parents and their children in relation to other risk factors in both generations.MethodThe participants were parents (n = 5,855, age 54.3 ± 6.5 years, 45.2% men) who participated in the community-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study and one random member of their adult offspring (n = 5,855, age 30.2 ± 7.7 years, 41.5% men) who participated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study. Both generations responded to identical questionnaires on sleep symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), snoring, nocturnal sweating, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER), sleep time and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Insomnia was defined as either, or both, DIS and DMS in combination with EDS.ResultsAll sleep variables except nocturnal sweating were more common in offspring whose parents had reported the same symptom. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, center and parents' total number of children, there were independent associations between sleep symptoms in parents and offspring for DIS (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.20–1.93), DMS (1.34, 1.15–1.56), snoring (1.45, 1.15,1.83), nGER (1.65, 1.15–2.37), insomnia (1.39, 1.13–1.73), short sleep time (<6 h/night) (2.51, 1.72–3.68) and EDS (1.48, 1.26,1.72). There were no independent relationships between symptoms in parents and offspring for EMA, nocturnal sweating or long sleep time (>9 h/night).ConclusionThe familiar aggregation of many sleep disturbances was not explained by investigated lifestyle and environmental factors. This supports a heritable factor in sleep problems. 相似文献
43.
《The ocular surface》2020,18(1):108-113
PurposeAromatase inhibitors (AIs) limit the synthesis of oestrogen in peripheral tissues thus lowering levels of oestrogen. The primary aim was to evaluate whether women treated with AIs have altered dry eye symptoms and signs. A sub-aim was to investigate whether symptoms of dry eye in postmenopausal women were associated with symptoms of non-eye pain, ocular pain and self-rated pain perception.MethodsThis cross-sectional, observational, single visit study recruited 56 postmenopausal women (mean age 64.1 + 7.9 years) and 52 undergoing AI treatment (mean age 66.6 + 9.0). Ocular symptoms (OSDI, MGD14) and pain questionnaires (PSQ, OPAS) were administered and signs of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction were evaluated.ResultsAlmost half of each group reported dry eye symptoms, defined as OSDI>12 (48% control, 46% AI). The PSQ score was significantly higher in the AI group (p = 0.04). Neither frequency or severity of dry eye (or MGD) symptoms scores were significantly different between groups. In the AI group, meibomian gland expressibility score was worse (p = 0.003); there were no differences in any other signs. Higher OSDI scores were associated with higher OPAS eye-pain scores (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), but not OPAS non-eye pain (r = 0.09, p = 0.35). Pain perception (PSQ) showed a moderate positive association with OPAS eye-pain (r = 0.30, p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this study elevated ocular symptoms were observed in both the AI treated and the untreated groups, with no difference between the groups. Women undergoing AI treatment for early stage breast cancer had worse meibum expressibility score and increased pain perception compared to an untreated group of women. 相似文献
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46.
《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(2):132-137
BackgroundThe pharmacist career is constantly adapting to societal and health care needs. The past decade has seen a growing demand for curricular development to align graduation outcome with workforce competencies.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify expectations for both didactic and experiential components of a new curriculum based on young pharmacist practitioner views.MethodsAn online survey questionnaire was used in 2019–2020 to evaluate the pharmacy curriculum to detect indicators or key areas which require comprehensive reform.ResultsThe predominant majority of the 205 study participants recommended reduction in credit hours for Natural Sciences (78.54%) and a similar increase in the Theoretical and Practical Expertise Module (77.9%). Pharmaceutical care, clinical therapeutics and clinical pharmacy competencies should also be more highlighted in the program. Findings indicate the current training does not prepare for problem-solving and daily workplace challenges (72.7%) or for extended pharmacist skills and competencies (71.71%). Results show inconsistency in practical training experience, as all respondents participated in practical training for drug manufacturing and analysis but 61.0% reported no hands-on skills training in a hospital-clinical simulation setting. Indications for practitioner involvement into the natural sciences and biomedical subjects (86.3%) confirm the obvious need for more practice-oriented education.ConclusionsEducational reforms seem to be inevitable to achieve measurable improvement in professional practice and skills competency. The country specific demand for a needs-based pharmacy education reflects global trends but may also provide useful insights for individual transitions to transform education through practice and improve practice through education. 相似文献
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48.
Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh Dana Church Lisa Wenger John Papastergiou Lalitha Raman-Wilms Eric Schneider Nancy Waite 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2019,15(2):202-206
Background
One approach to boost influenza vaccination coverage has been to expand immunization authority. In 2012, the province of Ontario gave community pharmacists the authority to administer the influenza vaccine.Objective
This study investigates the perspectives of Ontario pharmacy patrons, who had not recently received this vaccine from a pharmacist, regarding this pharmacist service.Methods
A survey was administered in six Ontario community pharmacies to pharmacy patrons who had not received an influenza vaccination from a pharmacist during the previous year. The instrument included questions about influenza vaccination, and knowledge of and attitudes toward vaccines and pharmacist-administered immunization.Results
A total of 541 pharmacy patrons completed the survey (53.9% response rate). About one-third (30.5%) of respondents were not aware that pharmacists could give the influenza vaccine, with younger individuals being less likely to be aware (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.77, p?<?0.05) and less likely to receive the vaccine annually (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.19–0.42, p?<?0.05). Leading reasons respondents gave as to why they did not receive their influenza vaccine from a pharmacist included not wanting or feeling they needed to be immunized (41.6%) and being used to receiving the vaccine from a physician (16.5%). Concerns about the experience and training of pharmacists and lack of privacy in a community pharmacy were uncommon.Conclusion
Reduced awareness of the availability of pharmacist-provided influenza vaccine is still common. Pharmacists have a significant opportunity to address lack of awareness and vaccine hesitancy issues. They can promote this service to increase influenza vaccination rates among pharmacy patrons who do not utilize this professional service. 相似文献49.
Tatiana Elghossain Sarah Bott Chaza Akik Hala Ghattas Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(1):8-19
Purpose
This article presents a systematic review of the prevalence of violence against adolescents in the 22 countries of the Arab League.Methods
Data on physical and emotional child maltreatment, sexual abuse, bullying and fighting, violence in schools, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls were retrieved using: (1) a systematic search for peer-reviewed journal articles using Medline and the Social Sciences Citation Index; and (2) a search for nationally-representative, population-based surveys.Results
Published evidence suggests that physical, sexual, and emotional violence against adolescents is widespread in the Arab region. In many studies, prevalence rates exceeded other regional or global estimates, including rates of violent discipline, fighting, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls. Data on certain forms of violence (e.g. violent discipline) are available from many Arab countries; but data on other forms, e.g., sexual abuse, are scarce. Most peer-reviewed journal articles are based on small studies with diverse operational definitions and methods, making comparisons challenging.Conclusions
High rates of violence against adolescents in the region merit greater attention from policy makers concerned with determinants of adolescent health. There is also a need to expand and improve the quality of quantitative and qualitative research on violence against adolescents in the region. 相似文献50.
BackgroundIn Germany, more parents have been seeking help from osteopaths for their infants and children in recent years. This implies an increasing demand of reliable evidence regarding the effectiveness of osteopathic intervention for this group.ObjectiveTo identify the ‘typical’ (most common) health concerns of parents when presenting their infants (age 0–12 months) in pediatric osteopathic practices.MethodsFor the purpose of this survey, well-trained osteopaths who specialize in the treatment of children and infants were selected. A documentation form containing a list of the likely most common infant health problems, developed by means of systematic literature analyses, was provided to experienced osteopaths to assess which health problems were seen most frequently.ResultsEighty-one osteopaths were contacted, of which 64 (79 %) responded and returned the documentation form. Nine documentation forms could not be evaluated. The remaining 55 documentation forms included information on 2833 health concerns. Quantitatively, there was no dominant health problem, but five problems were found to be common: 21 % of the cases were idiopathic infant asymmetry, 17 % were plagiocephaly, 16 % were excessive crying, and 14 % were feeding and sleep disorders. All other problems were observed as far less frequent. In addition, osteopaths reported 423 other health concerns that were not specified in the documentation form.ConclusionsIn this survey, infants that were presented in osteopathic practices often had one or more of those five health problems mentioned above. A large observational trial is currently underway to document changes observed during osteopathic treatment of these health problems. 相似文献