淮南市区华支睾吸虫病流行危险因素的研究

目的调查淮南市区华支睾吸虫病流行的危险因素。方法现场采集豆螺、沼螺,用直接压片法分离尾蚴,并感染淡水鱼,分离囊蚴,用该囊蚴感染家猫,分离成虫;对市区部分居民作现场查询、体检和粪检,以确定有无华支睾吸虫感染及伴随症状。结果从现场捕获的豆螺、沼螺体内可分离出有尾鞘的单尾蚴,用该尾蚴感染淡水鱼可获囊蚴,用该囊蚴感染家猫可获华支睾吸虫成虫;从淮南市区部分居民粪便中及其放养家猪粪便中均可检出华支睾吸虫卵;市区部分居民有炊事时菜刀、砧板生熟不分和生食或半生食淡水鱼虾的习惯,等等。结论 淮南市区存在多种华支睾吸虫病流行的危险因素,各危险因素构成华支睾吸虫病在淮南市区传播和流行。     

甘肃省第四次与第三次全国中药资源普查药用植物资源物种变化及成因分析

通过对比第四次与第三次全国中药资源普查物种变化情况发现,第四次全国中药资源普查甘肃省新增了22科309属2072种,其中包括新分布种37种;消失或未调查到的药用植物资源有187种,隶属于87科158属。探究了时隔40年甘肃省药用植物资源物种变化的成因,表明此次普查从技术方法、仪器设备、人员组织、调查范围、顶层设计等各个方面都有了极大的改进和提升,使本次普查药用植物资源物种数大幅增长;生态环境的变化使得部分物种分布区狭小,或处于濒危状态,或生在悬崖峭壁。这是导致部分物种漏采漏查或未调查到的重要原因。通过分析物种变化情况,为该省药用植物资源保护与开发利用提供参考。     

中国烟草流行监测的发展及挑战

烟草使用是导致全球疾病负担主要的可预防危险因素, 是我国面临的重大公共卫生问题。连续动态的烟草监测可以为制定控烟策略和措施、评价控烟效果提供关键指标数据。WHO将烟草监测纳入控烟的重要内容并在《烟草控制框架公约》中提出相关履约要求。中国政府积极推进控烟工作, 特别是《烟草控制框架公约》生效以来, 烟草监测得到不断加强, 2021年起, 我国的烟草监测工作被WHO评为达到最高等级。本文主要对全国范围内开展的成人和青少年烟草流行病学专项调查抽样设计、监测内容、关键指标定义和基于复杂抽样的数据加权进行阐述, 并提出我国当前烟草监测面临的挑战, 以期为我国烟草流行专项调查数据的理解和利用、调查结果的比较以及今后我国烟草监测工作的开展提供参考。     

Heterogeneidad en el perfil profesional y las actividades de los registros de mortalidad en España

ObjectiveThe mortality registries (MR) code death causes for the elaboration of the mortality statistics of the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE). Documentary research and medical training can improve this activity. Our objective was to analyse the professional profile and activities of the MR.MethodA survey was designed and distributed in February 2021. Professional profile, quality activities, medical training, and regular publications were the major topics. 16/18 MR participated. A cluster analysis was performed.ResultsEleven registries belong to Public Health. Five have an INE agreement, 39% provided training, and 56% made regular publications. Ten improved the causes of death, and 17% reviewed the automatic coding. The cluster analysis started from 5/16 groups of registries.ConclusionsThe MR were heterogeneous in professionals, quality and publications. Homogeneity implies documentary search, a sole INE agreement, and providing systemic medical training.     

Exploration of the association between serum uric acid and testosterone in adult males: NHANES 2011–2016

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that the possible relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and testosterone. However, the results of previous studies are controversial and there is limited evidence examining the relationship between SUA and testosterone in a general US population of men. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation of SUA and testosterone among adult males from the US.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 were used, including a total of 7,796 male participants aged 18 years or older and excluding those lacking serum testosterone and uric acid data. Clinical characteristics of the participants among different SUA groups and testosterone groups are compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between SUA and testosterone.ResultsWe found an inverse association between SUA and testosterone after fully adjusted the potential confounding factors in general US adult males. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, we found that increasing age (estimate testosterone percent difference: −0.20% per year, P<0.01), uric acid (estimate testosterone percent difference: −4.40% per md/dL, P<0.01) and BMI (estimate testosterone percent difference: −2.86% per kg/m2, P<0.01) were associated with declining serum testosterone. This association remained significant in sensitivity analysis, while in the stratified analysis, above association was not significant in men with diabetes or aged 65 and over.ConclusionsSUA levels might be negatively associated with serum testosterone in adult males.     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

Estimation of the Impact of Migraine on Self-rated Health: A Cross-sectional Study in Slovenia

AimWith the aim of providing a foundation for evidence-based public health actions, as well as the more individualised clinical treatment of migraine in Slovenia, the objective of our study was to assess the association between poor self-rated health (PSRH) and migraine, adjusted for selected comorbidity and socioeconomic factors.MethodsThe survey, conducted between August and December 2014, involved included 6,262 adults aged 15 years and over. Binary logistic regression was used in univariate as well as multivariate analysis. Three multivariate models were defined: MODEL 1 (migraine and comorbidities related to the physical dimension of health); MODEL 2 (comorbidities related to the mental dimension of health); MODEL 3 (demographic and socioeconomic factors).ResultsIn univariate as well as all three multivariate models, the odds of PSRH were statistically significantly higher in migraine sufferers in comparison to non-sufferers (univariate model: ORmigraine=yes vs. migraine=no=2.22 (p<0.001); MODEL 1: ORmigraine=yes vs. migraine=no=2.27 (p<0.001); MODEL 2: ORmigraine=yes vs. migraine=no=1.51 (p=0.002); MODEL 3: ORmigraine=yes vs. migraine=no=1.56 (p=0.001)).ConclusionMigraine is an important PSRH-related factor. Comorbidities related to the physical dimension of health do not reduce the power of association between migraine and PRSH, while comorbidities related to the mental dimension reduce the power of association of migraine and other health conditions. The power of the association between migraine and PRSH is also independent of demographic/socioeconomic factors. We can also conclude that migraine seems to be a phenomenon that is in a bi-directional relationship with mental states (thus having an impact on PSRH) and is itself a stressor.     

Healthy by Association: The relationship between social participation and self-rated physical and psychological health

This paper investigates the relationship between social participation and subjective health. Using individual-level data from the British Household Panel Survey, we show that being an active member of a social or sport organisation increases self-rated physical and psychological health. For men, the benefits of social interaction work primarily via physical pathways, while women report a more psychosocial channel. We separate the main results by occupation and document some heterogeneity. Manual workers find more physical and psychological relief via social involvement, whereas non-manual workers are more likely to take relief from sport participation. Interestingly, as the number of associations in which the individual is active increases, the incremental increase in social benefits diminishes. Our findings point to the importance of promoting social and sport activities in health communication and policy making.     

临沂市放射诊疗资源配置现况调查

目的 了解临沂市放射诊疗资源配置现状,为卫生行政部门进一步优化资源配置提供数据支撑。方法 对全市所有开展放射诊疗的医院进行普查,用SPSS软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 临沂市共有放射诊疗机构305家,放射诊疗设备943台,市民平均每万人拥有放射诊疗设备0.89台,每家机构拥有放射诊疗设备平均数市区是县区的1.48倍。全市共有放射诊疗工作人员2208人,每家医院拥有放射诊疗工作人员7.24人,其中三级、二级、一级和未评级医院拥有放射诊疗工作人员数量分别为89.63、17.64、3.37和2.77名。结论 临沂市放射诊疗设备配置比例失衡,大型放射诊疗设备配置较少且分布集中,每万人拥有放射诊疗工作人员数量不足且分布不均。需科学配置放射诊疗资源,促进地区间的平衡发展,实现资源的优化配置。