2013年广西血液净化治疗基础现状调查

目的：了解广西血液净化基础现状。方法对广西14个地市115家具备血液净化准入资质的医院进行血液净化基础现状调查,内容包括机器、医生、护师、技师数量,2013年全年开展血液净化治疗的总例次及血液透析、血液透析滤过、血液灌流、血浆置换、连续性血液净化的例次,不良反应发生例次。结果广西拥有血液净化机器1745台,具备血液净化诊疗资质的医生348名,护士828名,技师110名。2013年开展血液净化治疗的总例次为928155例次,血液透析855154例次、血液透析滤过36959例次、血液灌流24714例次、血浆置换1306例次、连续性血液净化10022例次,不良反应发生11097例次。结论广西血液净化诊疗机器设备与医护比例匹配,治疗模式主要是血液透析、血液透析滤过和血液灌流,需要加强对不良反应的监测。     

罗湖区某高中学生家长营养知信行调查研究

目的：本研究主要在对高中学生开展营养健康教育前后,进行学生家长营养知信行方面调查研究,分析家长的营养相关知信行,以及为对家长营养相关知识宣传和中学生开展营养健康教育的必要性和提供科学依据。方法：整体随机抽样法,于2012年1月—2013年6月,在选定学校一个年级的高中学生家长进行干预前后对照。结果：调查对象总体知识知晓率干预前为70.7%,干预后73.6%。家长的超重肥胖比例高达30%左右,干预前后,家长对学生的要求最多的是“会要求多吃蔬菜水果和不吸烟、不喝酒”,86.0%的家长会想了解更多的营养知识。结论：加强对家长的营养健康教育,通过家长对学生的营养控制,促进学生维持健康体重。     

Prevalence and factors affecting underweight,overweight and obesity using Asian and World Health Organization cutoffs among adults in Nepal: Analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2016

ObjectiveThere is a little published data on prevalence and determinants of underweight, overweight and obesity among adults in Nepal. This study analysed the cross-sectional Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 to obtain these using the World Health Organization (WHO) and Asian-specific cutoffs of body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe 2016 NDHS used a multistage cluster-sampling design to obtain data on major health indicators in Nepal. The BMI cutoffs for underweight was <18.5 kg/m². The BMI cutoffs for overweight/obesity as per the Asian and WHO classifications were ≥23, and ≥25 kg/m², respectively. After reporting the prevalence according to sex and background characteristics, multilevel logistic regression was conducted to estimate odds ratios.SubjectsThis analysis included 12,652 adults (5283 males and 7369 females) with a median age of 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 28–54).ResultsThe overall median BMI was 21.5 kg/m² (IQR:19.3–24.3). The overall prevalence of underweight was 16.7% (15.1% among males and 17.1% among females). The Asian-specific BMI cutoffs found the prevalence of overweight and obesity as 26.4% (27.4% among males and 25.6% among females) and 11.0% (7.7% among males and 13.3% among females), respectively. The WHO-recommended BMI cutoffs found 18.2% people overweight (16.7% among males and 19.3% among females) and 4.3% (2.5% among males and 5.6% among females) people obese. The prevalence and odds of extreme body weight categories (i.e., underweight, overweight and obesity) varied according to age, sex, education level, household wealth status, place, ecological zone and provinces of residence as per both recommended cutoffs. Overall, higher education level and wealth status were positively associated with overweight/obesity and inversely associated with underweight as per both cutoffs.ConclusionA large proportion Nepalese adults have either underweight, overweight or obesity, and could be at a greater risk of mortality and morbidity due to these extreme body weight categories. It is essential to address the factors or characteristics that are associated with the higher prevalence and likelihood of these extreme body weight categories to reduce the overall burden of underweight and overweight/obesity in Nepal.     

Estimation tools for reducing the impact of sampling and nonresponse errors in dual-frame RDD telephone surveys

We discuss alternative estimators of the population total given a dual-frame random-digit-dial (RDD) telephone survey in which samples are selected from landline and cell phone sampling frames. The estimators are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. To reduce sampling variability when an optimum balance of landline and cell phone samples is not feasible, we develop an application of shrinkage estimation. We demonstrate the implications for survey weighting of a differential nonresponse mechanism by telephone status. We illustrate these ideas using data from the National Immunization Survey-Child, a large dual-frame RDD telephone survey sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and conducted to measure the vaccination status of American children aged 19 to 35 months.