Microvascular reconstructions in oral and maxillofacial surgery — Results of a survey among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Germany,Austria, and Switzerland

This study aimed to evaluate the use of microvascular free flaps (MFF) in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.A dynamic online questionnaire, using 42–46 questions, was sent to OMF surgeons based in hospitals in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The questionnaire was evaluated internally and externally. Aside from general information, data were collected on organizational aspects, approaches, MFF types and frequency, presurgical planning, intraoperative procedures, perioperative medications, flap monitoring, and patient management.Participants mostly performed 30–40 MFF each year (11/53). Most stated that the COVID-19 pandemic did influence MFF frequency (25/53) to varying extents. Radial forearm flap was most frequently used (37/53), followed by ALT (5/53), and fibula flap (5/53). Primary reconstruction was performed by most participants (35/48). Irradiated bony transplants were mostly used for implant placement after 12 months (23/48). Most participants (38/48) used reconstruction plates, followed by miniplates (36/48), PSI reconstruction (31/48), and PSI miniplates (10/48). Regarding the postoperative use of anticoagulants, low-molecular-weight (37/48) and unfractioned heparins (15/48) were widely used, most often for 3–7 days (26/48). Clinical evaluation was mostly preferred for flap monitoring (47/48), usually every 2 h (34/48), for at least 48 h (19/48).Strong heterogeneity in MFF reconstructions in OMFS was found, especially regarding the timepoints of reconstruction, types of osteosynthesis, and postoperative MFF management. These findings provide the chance to further compare the different treatment algorithms regarding relevant MFF aspects, such as postoperative management. This could create evidence-based treatment algorithms that will further improve the clinical outcomes in MFF reconstructions.     

Predictors of posttraumatic growth of the family members of neurosurgical intensive care unit patients: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesConfronted with the potentially traumatic experience of a patients intensive care unit hospitalisation, family members may show positive changes associated with growth in addition to negative impact. This study aimed to identify the level of posttraumatic growth of the family members of neurosurgical intensive care unit patients and to explore its relation to positive personality characteristics, such as gratitude, resilience and hope.Design and settingA cross-sectional study involving 340 family members of patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit at a general tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China.MethodsBefore the patients’ hospital discharge, the participants completed questionnaires, assessing posttraumatic growth (PTG Inventory), social support (Social Support Rating Scale), resilience (Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), hope (Herth Hope Index) and gratitude (Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item Form).ResultsThe mean total posttraumatic growth score was 73.38 (14.02). Hope, gratitude, resilience and social support showed a positive correlation with the posttraumatic growth Inventory scores. There were significant differences in the posttraumatic growth scores of the family members of neurosurgical intensive care patients with respect to their different religious beliefs, payment methods, family relationship quality and presence of chronic diseases among family members. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gratitude, resilience and social support were independent predictors of the posttraumatic growth Inventory score.ConclusionFamily members may experience some degree of posttraumatic growth during hospitalisation of patients in the neurosurgical intensive care units. Gratitude, social support and resilience are predictive factors for posttraumatic growth.     

ICU医护人员对患者早期活动信念与态度的调查及影响因素研究

目的调查ICU医护人员对患者早期活动的态度与信念状况,分析其主要影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法选取大连市5家三甲医院ICU的336例医护人员作为研究对象,采用ICU医护人员对患者早期活动信念与态度量表和自行编制的一般资料调查表对其开展调查。结果本研究发放并回收调查问卷361份,其中有效问卷336份,有效回收率为93.07%。ICU医护人员的信念量表总分均值为(3.62±0.48)分,态度量表总分均值为(4.87±1.30)分。多因素分析显示,文化程度、所属关系及日工作时间是ICU医护人员对患者早期活动信念的独立影响因素(△R²=0.13,F=4.19,P=0.04);文化程度、所属关系、日工作时间、性别和职务是ICU医护人员对患者早期活动态度的独立影响因素是(△R²=0.15,F=4.38,P=0.04)。结论ICU医护人员对患者早期活动信念水平不够高,对患者早期活动的态度不够积极。建议医疗卫生部门在开展ICU患者早期活动前可加强相关的人员配置,协调好ICU医护人员工作时长,也要加强医护人员的相关知识培训,以提高医护人员对患者早期活动的信念和态度。     

农村社区卫生服务中心妇科医师骨质疏松症知识描述性流行病学问卷调查

目的了解农村社区卫生服务中心妇科医师进行骨质疏松症知识的了解程度和诊治情况。方法使用针对社区改良的骨质疏松症问卷对苏州市6家农村社区卫生服务中心工作21名的妇科医师进行骨质疏松症认知度调查。结果骨质疏松症知识不够普及,妇科相关工作人员普遍对骨质疏松症的认识存在一些误区和盲点。结论应对农村社区卫生服务中心工作的妇科医师进行专业化的骨质疏松症教育。     

再生障碍性贫血治疗中超适应证用药调查分析及管理建议

目的:了解再生障碍性贫血常用药品中超适应证用药情况,为加强超适应证用药管理、减少不合理用药、规避执业风险提供依据。方法:选择2011年1—5月所有住院再生障碍性贫血患者,针对本病治疗药品的使用情况进行统计分析。结果:共调查再生障碍性贫血患者590例,其中有超说明书适应证用药的患者537例,占总病例数的91.02%。结论:再生障碍性贫血治疗中,超适应证用药广泛存在,应对超适应证用药进行分类管理以提高工作效率、规避执业风险。     

2010年4月—2011年4月重庆市南川区人民医院泌尿外科抗菌药物临床应用分析

目的:评价重庆市南川区人民医院泌尿外科抗菌药物应用的合理性,提高该院临床使用抗菌药物的治疗水平,确保临床用药安全、有效、经济。方法:采用回顾性调查分析方法,随机抽查泌尿外科2010年4月—2011年4月出院的720份住院病历资料,进行统计分析。结果:共抽查720例住院患者,应用了抗菌药物者624例,抗菌药物的应用率高达86.67%(624/720),以单一用药和二联用药为主,药敏试验及病原送检率仅为4.81%(30/624)。抗菌药物单一使用率为60.28%(434/720),二联使用率为20.0%(144/720),三联使用率为6.39%(46/720)。抗菌药物使用频率排序居前3位的依次为头孢美唑、氟罗沙星、头孢西丁。另外,围术期预防性抗菌药物预防使用率为94.84%(551/581),其中85.54%(497/581)的手术患者预防用药时机不当。手术时间>3 h的患者术中未追加抗菌药物的有12例,术后抗菌药物平均应用时间为7.2 d。结论:泌尿外科抗菌药物的使用情况较以前有所好转,但仍存在药敏试验和病原标本送检率低、选药不当、给药剂量偏大、用药时间过长、围术期抗菌药物给药时机不合理等问题,需继续加强合理使用抗菌药物的宣传教育和监督管理,进一步规范使用抗菌药物。     

洛阳市老城区美容理发店卫生状况调查

目的了解城市区美容理发店的卫生状况,及时发现问题,为卫生监督工作提供依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,对洛阳市城市区120家美容理发店的空气及公共用品用具进行抽样检测,按国家有关卫生标准评价。结果 120家单位均持有卫生许可证,从业人员健康证合格率为90.00%,一般卫生状况合格率为96.67%,卫生设施合格率为98.33%,化妆品索证合格率为82.50%;空气卫生质量总合格率为96.22%,其中CO2合格率最低(91.71%);公共用品用具总合格率为87.41%,其中剪刀合格率(94.67%)高于梳子(86.67%)和毛巾(83.33%),三者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);美容店内公共用品用具合格率(91.11%)高于理发店(87.18%)和美容理发兼营店(86.11%),但其差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.731,P>0.05)。结论洛阳市城市区美容理发店卫生许可证持证率较高,存在的主要问题是从业人员健康证、化妆品索证、室内CO2含量、公共用品用具消毒。     

复明工程自内障手术禁忌证调查及干预

目的：在县级复明工程中,提高白内障手术率。方法：在复明工程实施中,对白内障手术禁忌证进行调查分析并对禁忌证患者进行初步干预。结果：初步认为白内障手术禁忌证是影响白内障手术率的重要因素。结论：全身慢性病和眼部疾病影响白内障手术率。通过相应干预措施,可提高白内障手术率。     

1 225所医院围手术期植入物使用与管理现状调查

目的 调查全国1 225所医院在围手术期植入物使用与管理的现状,剖析存在问题,为围手术期植入物规范管理提出参考意见,同时为相关标准制订奠定研究基础。方法 2021年5月采用分层抽样法选取全国1 225所医院手术室管理人员,在各省、自治区、直辖市设置负责人,负责人均为中国医学装备协会护理装备与材料分会手术装备与材料专业学组委员。将自行设计的调查问卷,通过问卷星制作成电子问卷并通过微信群进行问卷发放与回收。结果 在植入物管理模式方面主要存在3种方式：设备科（资产管理处）-手术室-专科组三级管理（72.73%）,设备科（资产管理处）入驻式管理（12.24%）,临床使用科室自行管理（10.69%）,不同规模及类型医院存在较大差异;在外来器械与植入物接收方面仍存在供货商晚于规定时间送达、收费不规范等问题;在植入物追溯管理方面,68.90%的医院引入信息系统对植入物的使用进行追溯,62.29%的医院对外来器械及植入物的清洗、消毒及灭菌过程进行信息化追溯,48.89%的医院对植入物进行扫描收费及追溯管理,信息化建设有待加强。另外,在植入物取出或拆封后未使用的处理以及相关培训开展方面均有诸多问题及安全隐患,有待改善。 结论 相关部门及管理者应根据不同医院规模及实际情况完善相关制度及流程管理,加强对植入物准入的监督、全流程信息化追溯管理;在植入物取出和拆封后未使用方面应及时建立相关标准,填补管理盲区;对已有标准的落实情况应加强监督。