Internal131Cs dosimetry

Summary Because of the growing interest in¹³¹Cs as a tracer for myocardium and thyroid scintigraphy, its internal dosimetry in man was reviewed and determined. The absorbed dose was calculated using the method of Loevinger and Berman, with minor modifications, i.e. taking into account the different activities of the body organs and their contribution to the absorbed dose. Special attention was also paid to the softer and non-penetrating radiations, namely L and M, capture events and Auger electrons, in relation to the decay of the nuclide. Dosimetric data for the thyroid were determined experimentally.     

翁维良教授治疗缓慢性心律失常动态诊疗方案可视化分析方法研究

起搏器植入作为缓慢性心律失常有创性介入治疗手段,尚无法满足所有的临床需要,急需在中医药领域寻找新的有效方药,为患者提供可替代的临床选择。本文系统分析翁维良教授应用温阳理气活血的方法治疗缓慢性心律失常长时医案3例,运用描述性统计的方法,通过逐条总结每个病案疗效变化影响因素,归纳长时病案诊疗波动原因及治疗策略,探索缓慢性心律失常等心血管疑难重症长时动态治疗方案分析策略,建立个体化医疗及中医药经验传承的有效方法。     

APBSCT对超选择动脉化疗后晚期胃窦癌患者疗效及其免疫调节作用

目的:观察自体外周造血干细胞移植(autologous peripherial blod stem cell transplantation,APBSCT)对晚期胃窦癌患者动脉介入化疗的疗效及其对免疫调节因子的影响。方法:40例晚期胃窦癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组行超选择高剂量胃左动脉化疗(EAP方案,VP16100mg/m2+表阿霉素60mg/m2+卡铂200mg/m2),并于48h后接受自体外周造血干细胞移植;对照组只实施同治疗组相同的动脉插管化疗,而无自体外周造血干细胞移植。结果:APBSCT结合动脉介入化疗组与对照组的近期有效率分别是85.0%和70.0%,两组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。前者不良反应显著低于后者(P<0.01),且治疗后其生活质量Karnofsky评分显著高于对照组,其中位生存期、1年生存率分别为24.9±1.36个月和70.0%(14/20)、13.7±0.72个月和35.0%(7/20),治疗组患者中位生存期和1年生存率显著增加(P<0.01);治疗组患者治疗后外周血IL 2、TNF α、IFN γ等细胞免疫调节因子分别为154.8±10.5U/ml、59.4±16.2 U/ml、54.1±13.4 U/ml,显著高于其治疗前水平(54.7±7.2U/ml、43.1±18.8U/ml、16.6±3.7U/ml),亦高于对照组治疗后水平(49.8±26.3U/ml、29.0±11.1U/ml、10.5±6.2U/ml)(P<0.01);治疗组患者治疗后sIL 2R为194.3±67.6 U/ml,比治疗前(819.0±104.5 U/ml)     

Management of hepatitis B: a longitudinal national survey - impact of the Canadian Hepatitis B Consensus Guidelines

BACKGROUND:

The Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver, and The Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canada, jointly developed the Canadian Chronic Hepatitis B (HBV) Consensus Guidelines to assist practitioners involved in the management of this complex disease. These guidelines were published in The Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology in June 2007 and distributed to all Canadian gastroenterologists and hepatologists.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the degree to which Canadian specialist physicians were able to incorporate the recommendations from the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines into their daily practice.

METHODS:

A 30 min telephone survey probing the management strategies of 80 key HBV specialists was completed on three occasions, eight months apart, to longitudinally assess the impact of the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines on the management of HBV. The questionnaire detailed HBV practice patterns, the impact of the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines on clinical practice and HBV management.

RESULTS:

The majority of specialists incorporated many of the published recommendations outlined in the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines into their daily practice for patients with HBV. However, because public drug coverage is a major hurdle in the management of HBV, patients are provided markedly different HBV treatments depending on whether they have public or private drug insurance coverage.

CONCLUSIONS:

The management of HBV is growing in complexity and continues to evolve rapidly. The Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines have served as a valuable tool for many physicians in the management of HBV. However, effective treatment algorithms continue to be rendered irrelevant by restrictive drug coverage issues. Coverage for effective therapies and, therefore, management of HBV, differs widely across Canada depending on therapy reimbursement criteria rather than patient characteristics.     

慢性再生障碍性贫血中西医结合优化治疗方案临床研究

目的评价补肾方联合雄激素及免疫抑制剂治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血（CAA）的临床疗效,以确立中西医结合治疗CAA的优化治疗方案。方法将39例CAA患者随机分为3组,对照组（16例）采用司坦唑醇片联合环孢素A（CsA）,试验一组（11例）辨证采用补肾Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号方治疗,试验二组（12例）在对照组基础上加用补肾Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号方治疗,疗程6个月。分别观察各组临床疗效及治疗前后患者外周血清促红细胞生成素（EPO）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）水平的变化情况。结果 3组在临床疗效、外周血象改善方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但试验二组在贫血症状及中医证候的改善方面明显优于另外2组（P〈0.05）,并能显著降低IFN-γ水平（P〈0.05）。结论补肾方联合雄激素及免疫抑制剂治疗CAA在临床疗效、改善症状及提高血常规计数方面均优于单用中药或单用西药治疗。     

医学院校课堂教学评价体系构建的思路

高等医学院校为了能培养出合格的医学人才,正在进行新一轮的课堂教学评价改革。借鉴国内外的先进经验,结合自身特点,总结以往课堂教学评价体系中常见的问题,提出课堂教学评价体系构建的思路和方案,以求深化医学院校教学改革,探索富有特色的医学教学评价体系。     

后颅窝术后颅内感染患者治疗方案的调整及围术期感染的危险因素分析

目的:探索临床药师参与临床实践的模式。方法:就临床药师对1例后颅窝术后颅内感染患者治疗方案的调整及围术期感染的危险因素进行总结分析,依据颅内感染和我院细菌耐药情况,结合抗菌药物的抗菌谱、药动学特征,调整治疗方案并进行药学监护。同时进行文献分析,总结颅脑手术围术期感染的危险因素,提出预防建议。结果:调整治疗方案后,患者的脑脊液实验室检查指标明显改善,取得良好的治疗效果。结论:解决临床问题是临床药师参考临床实践的有效切入点。     

用模型和模拟方法设计氨氯地平的群体药动学研究方案

合理的采样设计是建立可靠群体药动学模型的重要基础。应用非线性混合效应模型的群体药动学研究,是一种有效利用稀疏血样数据估算群体药动学参数的方法。本研究根据D最优化设计和贝叶斯法设计采样方案。以已报道的氨氯地平群体药动学模型为基础,根据临床研究的目的、给药方案和随访时间等设计几套采样方案,采用WinPOPT软件计算优化采样方案,用蒙特卡罗法(Monte Carlo)对各优化的采样方案分别建立一套含400个患者的NONMEM数据文件,用NONMEM7.2软件模拟氨氯地平的浓度数据,然后估算其重要药动学参数(CL/F,V/F和Ka),并计算其平均预测误差(MPE)和平均绝对预测误差(MAPE)。在6个采样方案中,以方案6和3对CL/F估算的准确度和精密度较优,MPE分别为0.1%和0.6%,MAPE均为0.7%。对V的估算,各采样方案间无明显差异。因此,选用氨氯地平拟合药动学参数的准确度和精密度较优,且采样点个数较少的方案3为最佳临床研究方案。本研究旨在为开展氨氯地平在肾功能损害合并高血压患者的群体药动学研究提供科学、有效的采样方法,为群体PK/PD研究提供一种优化设计临床研究方案的科学方法。