应用4650Ⅰ型压缩机雾化器进行支气管激发试验的研究

为了解Models 4650Ⅰ型压缩机雾化器(简称M)进行支气管激发试验的可行性,将92例支气管哮喘患者按用M雾化吸入时间的不同,分为1、1.5、2分钟三组,并与标准雾化装置Dosimeter及雾化器(简称D)进行支气管激发试验同步对比研究.结果显示 ,三组受试者用两种雾化装置所获测值间无显著性差异(P＞0.2～0.5),且皆呈直线正相关.M与D皆雾化吸入1分钟时,M所需药物浓度大于D,相关系数(0.285)偏低,延长M的雾化吸入时间至1.5分钟,与D雾化吸入1分钟相比,两者差值最小(-0.075 g/L), r =0.665;若再延长M雾化吸入时间,与D的差值又会扩大.提示:M雾化效果稍差于D,适当延长时间可弥补上述差异,建议M雾化吸入时间以1.5分钟为宜.     

Release of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the central nervous system in man.

Recent work has shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), one of the many candidate hormones of the gut, also occurs widely in neurones. To determine whether the neuronal peptide may have a neurotransmitter function, we studied changes in immunoreactive VIP in dog plasma and human cerebrospinal fluid after the infusion of choline esterase inhibitors (neostigmine and physostigmine, respectively). Immunoreactive VIP was released in both situations. The systemic changes (in VIP levels) were enhanced five weeks after portacaval shunting in dogs. Our results demonstrate that the immunoreactive VIP level increases as a result of choline esterase inhibitors. The plasma "release" may originate either from peripheral peptidinergic nerve terminals or from APUD cells of the gastroenteropancreatic system. The increase in immunoreactive cerebrospinal fluid VIP may very well originate from central neurons, since the peptide does not apparently cross the blood-brain barrier.     

Outcome of children with respiratory symptoms without objective evidence of asthma: a two-year, prospective, follow-up study

This study evaluated the outcome of 33 children with asthma-like symptoms without objective evidence of asthma, and the role of certain factors in predicting the development of clinical asthma in these children. Data on symptom histories, lung functions (flow-volume spirometry, free running test and methacholine inhalation challenge test) and atopic sensitization (skin prick tests and markers of eosinophilic inflammation) were collected twice with an interval of 2 y, and the diagnoses were re-evaluated after the follow-up period. Based on the results, it was concluded that one-third of the children with prolonged or recurrent lower airway symptoms, such as cough or wheeze, either have mild asthma or will develop asthma in the near future. Children who had a significant response [≥ 10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)] in the free running test formed a risk group for active asthma, whereas other baseline characteristics seemed not to predict the outcome.     

试论重要战略机遇期的卫生发展

21世纪头20年是我国必须紧紧抓住并且大有作为的战略机遇期。这一机遇期为卫生发展提供了前所未有的机遇。新的机遇有新的特点，不是以往机遇的简单重复。本文联系战略机遇期的特点、任务和目标，简要分析机遇期对卫生发展的要求、卫生发展的机遇以及如何把握机遇加快卫生发展。     

医院感染现患率调查

目的 分析医院感染现患率与科室、病种及其他相关因素之间的关系，以了解医院感染现患率和回顾性调查感染率的差别。方法 采用床旁调查和查阅住院病历相结合的方法，填写个案查表。结果 本院医院感染现患率7．24％，较回顾性调查率5．67％高。结论 现患率调查省时、省力，结果更准确。     

上海市杨浦区涉苯企业职业卫生危害现状调查

目的调查涉苯企业贯彻国家职业卫生法规执行情况及现状,为建立辖区职业卫生监督的有效管理提供依据.方法依据<中华人民共和国职业病防治法>、<使用有毒物品作业场所劳动保护条例>等法律、法规和国家职业卫生标准,依法对辖区60家涉苯企业进行监督检查.结果部分用人单位法制意识淡薄,作业场所职业病危害因素检测与评价等管理制度及措施不健全 ,作业场所三苯浓度抽测点合格率为87.1%,其中7家企业三苯浓度超过国家卫生标准,苯白血病检出1例,检出率为17.7/10万.结论用人单位在职业卫生管理方面与国家职业卫生法律、法规要求尚有较大差距,潜在职业危害依然存在.因此,建立有效的职业卫生监督管理机制,是治本之策.     

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A real diagnostic challenge

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare syndrome described in recent decades. There are slightly over 30 published cases in the English language literature, primarily associated with renal and hematological disease activity. Its presentation and evolution are a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. We present four cases of intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to lupus in young Mexican females. One patient had a previous diagnosis of SLE and all presented with a urinary tract infection of varying degrees of severity during their evolution. We consider that recognition of the disease is of vital importance because it allows for establishing appropriate management, leading to a better prognosis and avoiding unnecessary surgery and complications.