Response of left ventricular diastolic filling to graded exercise relative to the lactate threshold

Summary During incremental exercise, the left ventricular ejection fraction increases up to the intensity of the anaerobic threshold and tends to level off at higher exercise intensities. Since there is a correlation between the response of peak filling rate and ejection fraction to exercise, this study was conducted to determine whether the response of left ventricular diastolic function is similar to the response of systolic function relative to lactate threshold. Twelve healthy men performed two exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. In the first test, lactate threshold and maximal power output were determined. In the second exercise test, gated radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest, at the lactate threshold intensity, and at peak exercise to measure ejection fraction and peak filling rate. Ejection fraction increased significantly from rest [mean (SD): 62 (5)%] to lactate threshold [76 (7) %] and did not change significantly from lactate threshold to peak exercise [77 (7)%]. Likewise, peak filling rate (normalized for stroke counts) increased from resting [6.1 (0.9)V _s · s^–1] to lactate threshold [9.4 (1.8)V _s · s^–1] and did not change significantly from lactate threshold to peak exercise [9.6 (2.9)V _s · s^–1]. There was no correlation between the change in peak filling rate and the change in ejection fraction from rest to lactate threshold. Thus, during incremental exercise, left ventricular diastolic function responds qualitatively similar to systolic function.     

Evaluation of quantitative aerosol techniques for use in bronchoprovocation studies

To investigate airway physiology by use of inhaled aerosols, it is frequently necessary to measure the actual amount of material deposited on the airway wall as well as the site of particle deposition. To satisfy these needs, radiolabeled aerosols and gamma camera techniques have been used to measure regional deposition of inhaled particles. To make quantitative measurements of the amount deposited, previous investigators have used a "phantom" technique to indirectly calibrate the gamma camera for the attenuation of gamma rays through the lungs and chest wall. For this calibration, the phantom is a simulated lung containing a known amount of radioactivity. Radioactive counts emitted from the phantom are assumed to be attenuated in the same manner as the intact human lung. The present article describes a technique to determine directly the amount of inhaled aerosol deposited in the lung and simultaneously to calibrate the gamma camera for each individual subject. We used right angle light scattering and a gamma camera to measure individual values of the deposition fraction (DF) of inhaled aerosol deposited in the lung and the coefficient of attenuation (AC) of gamma rays in normal and obstructed lungs of human subjects. Radiolabeled monodisperse aerosols 1 and 2 microns in diameter were used. Knowledge of the activity of the inhaled aerosol (microcurie per liter), the volume inhaled, and the measured DF determined each subject's AC (counts per minute per microcurie). DF varied by an order of magnitude in normal (0.04 to 0.48) and obstructed (0.16 to 0.75) of subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响研究

在人口老龄化的背景下,如何控制医疗费用、促进健康老龄化已经成为世界性难题。本文通过实证研究分析中国人口老龄化对医疗卫生支出的影响机制,为医疗和养老政策的制定提供参考。面板门槛效应模型的回归结果显示,中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响与城镇化水平有关。城镇化水平存在双重门槛效应,当城镇化水平低于第二个门槛值,人口老龄化显著地减少了医疗卫生支出;当城镇化水平高于第二个门槛值,人口老龄化对医疗卫生支出的影响机制发生改变,显著地增加了医疗卫生支出。因此,如何在城镇化进程中增进老年人口的社会福祉是控制医疗费用、促进健康老龄化的关键。     

东营区≥45岁人群结直肠癌初筛结果分析及肠镜顺应性调查

目的 对东营区≥45岁常住居民进行结直肠癌筛查,并探讨初筛阳性者肠镜顺应性及其影响因素,为提高居民结直肠癌筛查工作提供科学依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法选择辖区内2个镇和3个街道的社区卫生服务中心作为结直肠癌筛查志愿者招募点招募≥45岁常住居民为研究对象开展结直肠癌筛查及问卷调查,对初筛阳性者进一步进行肠镜检查,采用描述性分析方法对居民结直肠筛查结果及肠镜顺应性进行分析,并对其影响因素进行单、多因素分析。结果 本研究共纳入1 201人进行分析,男662人,女539人,45~59岁372人,60~69岁495人,70~79岁334人。初筛阳性人数总计371例,其中危险因素初筛阳性154例,FOBT阳性298例,危险因素和FOBT阳性双阳性者81例,初筛阳性率为30.89%。男性（OR=3.177）、黏液血便史（OR=7.683）以及肠道息肉病史（OR=5.008）为结直肠癌初筛阳性的危险因素。371例初筛阳性者中121例完成结肠镜检查,结肠镜检查顺应率为32.61%。性别（OR=2.776）、年龄（OR=0.511、0.433）、婚姻状况（OR=4.267）、文化程度（OR=2.782、3.916）、医疗保险（OR=2.743）是结直肠癌初筛阳性者结肠镜检查顺应性的影响因素。结论 东营市东营区结直肠癌初筛阳性率较高,应加强对存在黏液血便史以及肠道息肉病史男性个体人群的结直肠癌筛查。居民结直肠镜检查顺应性较低,尤其是60岁及以上、非在婚、文化程度较低、无医保的女性个体,可特异性强化对该群体个体的健康教育,提高其结直肠镜顺应性。     

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial well-being of people with disabilities

BackgroundBefore the COVID-19 pandemic, people with mobility, vision, hearing, and cognitive disabilities were at a higher risk of lower psychosocial well-being than people without disabilities. It is, therefore, of great importance to investigate whether the pandemic has exacerbated this difference.ObjectiveThis study examines whether people with disabilities (categorized as mobility, vision, hearing, cognitive, and any disabilities) report more COVID-19-related negative effects on psychosocial well-being (loneliness, decreased social contact, decreased hope for the future, concerns about being infected) than people without disabilities.MethodsWe analyzed population-based data from the Finnish Health, Welfare, and Services (FinSote) survey carried out in 2020–2021 (N = 22 165, age 20+). Logistic regression models were applied, controlling for the effects of age, sex, partnership, living alone, and education.ResultsAll disability groups, except those with vision disabilities, reported significantly more often that the pandemic increased loneliness than people without disabilities. There were no significant differences between the disability groups and people without disabilities in decreased social contacts. People with only mobility and cognitive disabilities reported significantly more often that the pandemic decreased their hope for the future than those without disabilities. All disability groups were more often concerned about being infected than people without disabilities, but this effect was not significant among people 75 or older.ConclusionThe psychosocial well-being of people with specific types of disabilities should receive special attention during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.     

尖头梅花髓内针与带锁髓内针治疗胫腓骨骨折比较

目的　比较改良的尖头梅花针与带锁髓内针治疗胫腓骨干骨折的临床综合疗效 ,正确选取内固定物。方法　分别用改良的尖头梅花针与带锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨干骨折 74例 ,比较两组的综合疗效。结果　改良梅花针组 48例 ,轻度外旋畸形 2例 ,无骨不愈合 ,平均骨折愈合时间 3.5个月 ,平均手术时间 40 mim ,住院费用 30 0 0元 (人民币 ) ,优良率93.75 % ;带锁髓内钉组 2 1例 ,发生骨延期愈合 2例 ,平均骨折愈合时间 5个月 ,平均手术时间 6 0 mim ,住院费用 5 5 0 0元(人民币 ) ,优良率 95 .2 4%。除胫骨远端下 1/ 3或严重的粉碎性骨折外 ,两组疗效无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　改良尖梅花针内固定操作简单、价格低廉、疗效确切 ,仍有较高的临床使用价值 ;带锁髓内钉能满足胫骨各种类型的骨折 ,扩大了髓内固定的适应症 ,随着成本的降低 ,已逐渐成为治疗胫腓骨骨折髓内固定的方向。     

中华眼镜蛇毒F组分对沙鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：研究中华眼镜它毒F组分脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,方法：结扎沙鼠双侧颈总动脉1h,造成前脑缺血模型,用比色法测定脑匀浆过氧化脂质的最终产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,结果：F组分0．9,0．3,0．1mg/kg可显著抑制脑内脂质过氧化,降低MDA的含量,并提高超化物歧化酶的活,性且呈一定的量效关系,同缺血再灌组比较P＜0．05,同阳性对照药尼莫通比较,P＞0．05,结论：中华眼镜蛇毒F组分对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,可能与抑制自由基的生成和促进自由基的清除有关。     

热力学模型对石油低压汽液平衡计算的适用性

以Maxwell-Bonnel图拟合式、对比态Antoine方程及Pitzer-Riedel关联式分别求算饱和蒸汽压P^0,并用RoultK值（K＝P^0／P）,计算窄留分K值。根据实测的中原、孤岛和克拉玛依石油馏分低压K值,考察上述三式,结果表明：对比态Antoine式预测精度是最好的,其温度预测绝对平均偏差为7．0℃,K值预测平均相对偏差为15．6％,其他两模型偏差均较大。     

六味地黄汤活性部位3A的免疫调节作用研究

目的　初步研究六味地黄汤活性部位3A的免疫调节作用。方法　观察po给予3A对环磷酰胺(Cy)处理小鼠、肉瘤S