非活动性结核性胸膜炎与活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像特征分析

目的: 探讨非活动性结核性胸膜炎与活动性结核性胸膜炎CT扫描影像表现。方法: 对2012年6月1日至2021年3月30日在首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院就诊的单纯非活动性结核性胸膜炎患者68例和同期活动性结核性胸膜炎44例的CT扫描影像表现进行比较。结果: (1) 68例非活动性结核性胸膜炎患者 CT扫描影像表现中胸膜粘连62例(91.2%),胸膜有钙化者28例(41.2%),叶间裂受累22例(32.4%),胸腔积液12例(17.6%),包裹性胸腔积液8例(11.8%)。(2)44例活动性结核性胸膜炎患者CT扫描影像表现中胸膜粘连30例(68.2%),未见胸膜钙化,叶间裂受累32例(72.7%),胸腔积液43例(97.7%),包裹性胸腔积液26例(59.1%)。(3)非活动性与活动性结核性胸膜炎CT扫描影像比较:胸膜粘连、胸膜钙化发生率高,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=9.630,P=0.002;χ²=23.737,P=0.000);叶间裂受累、胸腔积液、包裹性胸腔积液的发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=12.692,P=0.000;χ²=68.548,P=0.000;χ²=28.301,P=0.000)。结论: 非活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像与活动性结核性胸膜炎比较胸膜粘连、胸膜钙化的发生率高,胸腔积液、包裹性胸腔积液、叶间裂受累的发生率低。识别非活动性和活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像特点,对患者临床治疗有指导意义。     

完美主义与基督教信仰

目的 考察个体的宗教信仰与完美主义心理之间的关系。方法 采用质的研究方法，对两位受访者（分别为功能障碍型完美主义与健康的完美主义）追行个案研究。结果 两名受访者的基督教（新教）信仰封其完关主义的负面倾向有所矫正，受访者的人际关系和自我认知因为宗教信仰而有所改善。结论 基督教（新教）信仰有利于修正受访者自体表象与权威客体表象的关系。在象征意义上，“上帝”的概念可以理解为“较好的”权威客体表象。     

启发式教学在生理学教学中的应用研究

针对生理学课程理论抽象、实验操作复杂等特点,阐述了启发式教学方法取代传统填鸭式教学方法的必然性。因生理学教学难度大、实验操作条件高,故着重介绍了问答式、讨论式、演绎式、归纳式、直观式等五种启发式教学方法在生理学教学中的应用。     

气雾熏蒸法与浸泡消毒法消毒吸痰管效果比较

目的比较2%强化戊二醛(下称戊二醛)气雾熏蒸法与浸泡消毒法消毒吸痰管的效果.方法消毒按5周期(1个周期12 d)进行,每周期将200根使用过的吸痰管经初步处理,即5% 84消毒液浸泡30 min后清水冲洗干净晾干.将每周期200根吸氮管随机均分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用戊二醛原液气雾熏蒸法消毒4 h,对照组采用戊二醛原液浸泡消毒30 min,12 d为1个周期.两组分别于第1、6、12天对消毒后的吸痰管及消毒过程中的戊二醛采样行细菌菌落数计数,并观察有无细菌生长.结果两组每周期第1、6天吸痰管和消毒液标本均未检测出细菌,且无致病微生物生长;每周期第12天对照组吸痰管和消毒液标本均检测出细菌,实验组未检测出细菌.结论气雾熏蒸法消毒灭菌效果可靠,具有节约开支、使用方便、有利于吸痰管的保存与放置等优点.     

Cause-specific and total mortality in the Canterbury (New Zealand) insulin-treated Diabetic Registry population: a 15-year follow-up study.

AIMS: To establish all-cause and cause-specific death rates, and risk factors for mortality in insulin-treated diabetic individuals living in the province of Canterbury, New Zealand. METHODS: Insulin-treated diabetic subjects (n = 995) on the Canterbury Diabetes Registry were followed up over 15 years and vital status determined. Death rates were standardized and hazard regression was used to model the effects of demographic covariates on relative survival time. RESULTS: There were 419 deaths in 11 226.3 person-years of follow-up with a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-2.2). Relative mortality was greatest for the group aged 0-29 years (SMR 3.0 (95% CI 2.4-3.7)). After controlling for diabetes duration and gender, a 10-year increment in age of onset was associated with a 33% decrease in relative hazard (95% CI 29-36%), indicating that excess mortality due to diabetes declines with rising age of onset. After controlling for age of onset and gender, each 10-year increment in duration of diabetes is associated with a 26% decrease in relative hazard (95% CI 24-29%), indicating that with longer survival the mortality hazard approaches the general population hazard. Relative mortalities were increased for cardiovascular, renal and respiratory disease, but not malignancy. Relative mortality from acute metabolic complications was increased in the subgroup with age of onset of diabetes < 30 years and requiring insulin within 1 year of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates are high for insulin-treated diabetic individuals relative to the general population.     

Clinical significance of urinary white blood cell count and serum C-reactive protein level for detection of non-palpable prostate cancer

AIM: The clinical significance of the urinary white blood cell (U-WBC) count and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was evaluated in an effort to improve the efficiency of prostate biopsies. METHODS: We enrolled 228 consecutive patients with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ranging from 3.0 to 20.0 ng/mL, normal digital rectal examination findings, and who underwent prostate biopsies between January 2001 and August 2004. Of these, 157 patients had histologically confirmed benign prostatic disease and the remaining 71 patients had prostate cancer. Patients with a pretreatment U-WBC count < or =3 or >3/high power field were defined as non-pyuria and pyuria, respectively. The patients were also separated into two groups based on the serum CRP level prior to biopsy. Several clinical factors were compared among these subgroups. RESULTS: Inflammation was histologically detected at rates of 58.1% and 34.1% in the pyuria and non-pyuria groups, respectively (P = 0.0014). The rates of cancer detection were significantly lower in the pyuria, than in the non-pyuria group (P = 0.0384). The cancer detection rates did not significantly differ according to serum CRP levels prior to biopsy. CONCLUSION: The U-WBC count appears to be a reliable indicator of minute prostatic inflammation. The serum PSA level was elevated in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis. Counting U-WBC is a simple, convenient and non-invasive method that should be valuable part of routine urological examinations.     

广龙昊膏药对大鼠腰椎间盘突出模型细胞因子IL-1、NO及组织胺的影响

为探讨IL-1、NO及组织胺在腰椎间盘突出中的作用及广龙昊膏药的治疗效果，将60只大鼠造模并随机分为正常组（A组）、造模组（B组）、广龙昊膏药组（C组）和奇正止痛膏组（D组），观察其神经根周围局部组织中IL-1、NO及组织胺的含量。结果显示，B组中的IL-1、NO及组织胺较A组显著升高（P〈0．01）。C组、D组较B组明显下降（P〈0．01）。表明大鼠腰椎间盘突出模型中细胞因子IL-1、NO及组织胺明显增加可能是腰椎间盘突出中的潜在始动或促进因素，而C组能显著降低神经根局部中IL-1、NO及组织胺的含量，说明广龙昊膏药作用部分是通过抑制炎性细胞因子的活性实现的。     

Ca~(2+)在大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤中作用的研究

目的 :探讨大鼠胃粘膜与急性胃粘膜损伤之间的关系。方法 :采用原子吸收光谱分析法 ,测定胃粘膜Ca2 +含量。结果 :胃粘膜损伤程度随应激时间延长而加重 ,胃粘膜Ca2 + 含量却下降 ,二者呈明显负相关 ,但是 ,CaCl2 预应激或应用钙通道阻断剂 ,可减轻胃粘膜损伤程度。结论 :Ca2 + 在急性胃粘膜损伤中有一定的作用。     

实验性下腔静脉可扩张性内支撑形态学研究

目的 :通过观察实验犬下腔静脉内放置可扩张性内支撑后血管的形态学变化 ,确定支撑的内皮化进程 ,以期为临床减少内支撑阻塞、合理应用抗凝剂提供组织学的依据。　 方法 :在 14只杂种犬下腔静脉内放置金属内支撑 ,于术后 1个月起 ,逐月取下腔静脉作光镜和电镜检查。　 结果 :术后 1个月左右 ,内支撑基本内皮化 ,5个月完成血管的重构。　 结论 :早期抗凝治疗是防止内支撑阻塞的关键 ,首次提出内支撑放置后血管重构的现象     

精索静脉曲张患者精索静脉和外周血睾酮水平的对照研究

目的：探讨精索静脉血张患者血浆睾酮水平的变化及其机制。方法：对25例精索静脉曲张患者与22例腹股沟斜疝患者精索静脉和外周血睾酮水平进行对照研究。结果：精索静脉曲张组外周血睾酮浓度与腹股沟斜疝组无差别（P＞0．05），而精索静脉血睾酮浓度两组则有明显差异，精索静脉曲张组精索静脉血中睾酮浓度较腹股沟斜疝组低（P＜0．05）。结论：多种因素可影响外周血睾酮浓度，使其难以准确地反映睾丸分泌睾酮的实际水平，而精索静脉血中的睾酮浓度则能较为直接地反映睾丸的睾酮分泌能力。