百两金皂苷A的微生物转化及其产物的细胞毒活性研究

目的利用燕麦曲霉Aspergillus avenaceus AA 3.4454对百两金皂苷A进行微生物转化,并对转化产物进行细胞毒活性研究。方法将百两金皂苷A放置燕麦曲霉液体培养基中,28℃、160 r/min条件下共培养3 d后,利用多种柱色谱分离转化产物,采用核磁共振等波谱手段鉴定结构;采用MTT法测定转化产物对肿瘤细胞系的细胞毒活性。结果从百两金皂苷A的燕麦曲霉液体发酵液中分离出3个主要转化产物,其结构分别鉴定为西克拉明皂苷元A-3β-O-{α-D-半乳吡喃糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-木吡喃糖基-(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)]-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷}(1)、西克拉明皂苷元A-3β-O-{α-D-半乳吡喃糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-木吡喃糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷}(2)、西克拉明皂苷元A-3β-O-{β-D-木吡喃糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)]-[α-D-半乳吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷}(3)。结论首次利用燕麦曲霉对百两金皂苷A进行微生物转化并分离得到在糖链的不同位置增加了α-D型半乳糖的转化产物,3个转化产物均为新化合物,均具有一定的细胞毒活性,且转化产物1对大细胞肺癌细胞的细胞毒活性略优于底物。     

山银花、金银花中绿原酸和总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性测定

目的对3个不同产地山银花和金银花中绿原酸、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性进行分析,并比较之间的差异。方法对绿原酸提取条件进行优化,最佳提取条件为65℃下60%乙醇溶液按料液比1∶20超声提取30 min;总黄酮最佳提取条件为65℃下用60%甲醇溶液按料液比1∶10超声提取30 min。分别采用高效液相色谱法和紫外分光光度法对样品的绿原酸和总黄酮进行含量测定,并用DPPH自由基清除率来检测山银花、金银花的抗氧化活性。结果建立了良好的绿原酸和总黄酮含量分析方法,绿原酸在0.119～1.190 mg/m L内线性关系良好,r2为0.999 2(n=6);总黄酮在8.48～50.88μg/m L内线性关系良好,r2为0.999 5(n=6)。湖南产地山银花绿原酸量、总黄酮量及自由基清除率分别为3.99%、13.43%、62.41%。重庆产地山银花绿原酸量、总黄酮量及自由基清除率分别为3.29%、10.08%、51.48%。广西产地金银花绿原酸量、总黄酮量、自由基清除率分别为2.55%、7.10%、39.51%。结论提出了结合化学成分分析和抗氧化性活性来比较不同产地山银花和金银花之间区别的分析方法,从"谱-效"结合思路,为山银花和金银花质量控制及鉴别提供一种新的模式。     

基于UPLC结合比色法的葛桑降糖胶囊质量控制研究

目的构建葛桑降糖胶囊的质量控制方法。方法采用比色法测定葛桑降糖胶囊粗多糖、总皂苷和总黄酮含量;采用UPLC建立葛桑降糖胶囊的指纹图谱,测定了10个批次产品;并利用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版本)进行相似度评价,确定共有峰。结果 3批次葛桑降糖胶囊中粗多糖平均质量分数为4.56%,总皂苷平均质量分数为2.97%,总黄酮平均质量分数为2.61%;建立了10批次葛桑降糖胶囊的UPLC指纹图谱,确立15个共有峰,经对照品指认出7个共有峰,分别是葛根素、芦丁、三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、商陆苷、人参皂苷Rb1、商陆黄素,对应1、5、8、10、12、14、15号峰。结论此方法可用于葛桑降糖胶囊的质量控制。     

布渣叶总黄酮离子液体协同超声辅助提取工艺考察及其调血脂活性研究

目的 探讨布渣叶总黄酮（total flavones from Microcos paniculata,MPTF）的高效绿色环保提取方法,并考察其调血脂活性。方法 采用离子液体协同超声辅助提取MPTF,对提取工艺进行单因素实验及正交试验考察;采用高脂饲料造模,将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、阳性对照组（瑞舒伐他丁钙片5.2 mg/kg）、高脂模型组和MPTF低、中、高剂量组（ig给药MPTF 300、600、900 mg/kg）,每组各10只,测定总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）水平。结果 离子液体超声辅助提取MPTF的最佳工艺条件：离子液体为[BMIM]Cl,浓度为0.30 mol/L,料液比为1：40,提取溶剂为60%乙醇水溶液,提取时间为30 min,提取温度为50℃;验证实验结果表明,该提取工艺所得总黄酮提取率高,工艺稳定。调血脂实验结果表明,MPTF各剂量组均能够降低TC、TG、LDL-C水平,升高HDL-C水平（P<0.05）,且随着MPTF剂量增加各指标变化趋势明显,具有一定的剂量依赖性。结论 离子液体协同超声辅助提取MPTF工艺稳定可行,为离子液体协同超声辅助提取中药中难溶性有效成分提供参考;MPTF提取物具有较好的调血脂作用。     

引导想象训练在老年全髋关节置换患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨引导想象训练对老年髋关节置换术患者疼痛、睡眠情况和精神状态的影响。方法 选取2020年6月~2020年10月某三甲医院收治的拟行髋关节置换手术的老年患者90例,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=46)和试验组(n=44)。对照组给予基于ERAS的围手术期护理,试验组在对照组的基础上进行运动引导想象训练。分别在术前、术后当天、术后第1天、术后第3天和术后第7天采用疼痛数字分级法(NRS)、理查兹-坎贝尔睡眠量表(RCSQ)和简易智能精神状态评价量表(MMSE)测评患者的疼痛、睡眠及精神状况;同时使用护理谵妄评分(NU_DESC)判断患者住院期间是否发生谵妄。结果 共有87例患者完成研究,总完成率为96.67%。重复测量方差分析结果显示两组患者疼痛、睡眠及精神变化存在时间效应、组间效应及交互效应;术后试验组谵妄发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 运动引导想象训练有助于改善老年全髋关节置换患者的疼痛程度、睡眠情况和精神状态。     

机器人手术系统与腹腔镜辅助直肠TME手术的回顾性对比分析

目的：　比较达芬奇机器人和腹腔镜行直肠癌TME手术的近期临床疗效。方法：　回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年1月甘肃省人民医院肛肠科365例行直肠癌TME手术的患者临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为2组,其中机器人组175例,腹腔镜组190例,比较2组术中、术后和随访情况。结果：　相比于腹腔镜组,机器人组术中出血量明显较少[（94.8±55.6）mL vs.（127.4±42.1）mL,t=-2.739,P=0.007];术后排气时间较短[（60.3±11.9）h vs.（78.8±12.3）h,t=-12.189,P=0.000];首次流质饮食时间较短[（89.0±15.0）h vs.（113.7±10.1）h,t=-13.597,P=0.000];术后住院时间较短[（8.5±1.7）d vs.（10.2±2.4）d,t=-4.150,P=0.000];但机器人组住院总费用较多[（83 538.1±10 911.0）元 vs.（70 640.4±11 659.0）元,t=6.338,P=0.000]。机器人组和腹腔镜组手术时间[（202.9±14.7）min vs.（207.0±14.2）min,t=0.566,P=0.572]、引流管留置时间[（5.9±1.4）d vs.（6.0±1.4）d,t=-0.516,P=0.557]和引流量[（202.7±87.0）mL vs.（200.0±87.1）mL,t=0.335,P=0.738]的差异无统计学意义。2组淋巴结清扫结果、肿瘤学结果和术后总体并发症的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;2组环周切缘均为阴性。2组患者围手术期均无死亡。随访情况方面,机器人组175例（失访16例）平均随访17.4个月,3例老年患者因其他基础疾病死亡;腹腔镜组190例（失访23例）平均随访16.9个月,6例老年患者因其他基础疾病死亡。2组患者随访过程中均无复发,无腹壁切口疝、造口旁疝、造口坏死等严重并发症。结论：　相比于腹腔镜手术,机器人直肠癌TME手术出血量少且术后胃肠道功能恢复快,安全可行,值得在临床推广应用。     

Intravenous anaesthetic agents

This article gives an overview of drugs frequently used for intravenous anaesthetic induction, as well as a brief overview of total intravenous anaesthesia. Physicochemical properties of intravenous anaesthetic drugs and their clinical and adverse effects are summarized. The article also discusses the historical context on the introduction of intravenous anaesthetic agents and highlights developments of novel agents.     

Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Ecballium elaterium on Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Ecballium elaterium (EE) on sepsis-induced lung injury. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male rats were divided into three groups as follows: control, sepsis, and treatment groups (sepsis + EE) with each group containing 10 rats. A rat model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used. In the treatment group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg/kg EE after CLP. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values after a 24-hr period were measured via cardiac puncture. Animals were harvested after the procedure and biochemical analysis was done and histopathological changes of the tissue sections of lungs were examined thereafter. Results: A statistically significant decrease was observed in the IL-6 (p < .05), TNF-α (p < .05), and TOS (p < .01) levels in the sera of the treatment group compared to those of the sepsis group. Following the treatment, the TOS (p = .01) and OSI (p < .05) levels in the lung tissue of rats indicated a statistically significant decrease compared to those of the sepsis group. The histopathological follow-up undertaken after the administration of the EE treatment to septic rats showed significantly lower values of alveolar wall thickness (p < .001), interstitial edema (p = .018), and neutrophil infiltration (p = .047). Conclusion: EE treatment may have beneficial effects on sepsis-induced lung injury, and therefore has potential for clinical use.     

Predictive value of exhaled nitric oxide and aerobic capacity for sepsis complications after liver transplantation

Our objective was to investigate the predictive value of fractional nitric oxide (NO) concentration in exhaled breath (FeNO) and aerobic capacity (peak VO₂) for postoperative sepsis in liver transplantation candidates. Patients were identified and charts of all consecutive patients were prospectively reviewed. Bacterial sepsis represented the commonest postoperative complications (30%), which was attributed to peritonitis, pneumonia, and catheter‐related infections. Preoperative FeNO and peak VO₂ values were lower in patients with postoperative sepsis. Patients with sepsis required higher needs for mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay. Inverse correlation was found between logarithmically FeNO‐transformed data and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (r = ?0.348; P = 0.018). Multivariate analyses using bootstrap sampling method indicated that odds of sepsis were associated with lower values of peak exercise VO₂ [OR = 0.790 (0.592; 0.925)] and reduced log(FeNo) [OR = 0.027 (0.001; 0.451)], but not with higher MELD scores [OR = 1.141 (0.970; 1.486)]. By evaluating the cutoff for the ROC curves in each bootstrap resampling, median and 95% confidence interval were calculated for peak VO₂: 17 [16.2; 22] ml/kg/min and FeNO: 17.2 [13.0; 33.9] ppb. We conclude that low peak exercise VO₂ and reduced FeNO may help identify patients who are at risk to develop perioperative sepsis.