膝以下严重开放性创伤的修复

[目的]研究膝以下严重开放性创伤的修复。[方法]自1995年3月～2005年3月收治膝以下严重开放性损伤153例，Ⅰ期修复106例，Ⅱ期修复47例，7种内固定方法，11种皮瓣修复方法。[结果]153例中随访132例，时间6个月～5年，平均17个月，术后功能优良率85．7％，皮瓣成活率良好。皮瓣局部坏死25例，骨不连4例，慢性感染8例，骨髓炎3例。[结论]改进的腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣和皮瓣桥手术扩大了皮瓣的应用范围，减少了并发症的发生。本研究为膝以下严重开放性损伤的修复提供了良好的方法；熟练的显微外科技术和各种组织瓣的合理应用是修复成功的关键。     

改良开放性手术治疗巨大良性前列腺增生症

目的探讨巨大良性前列腺增生症的开放性手术治疗方法及效果。方法回顾分析16例巨大良性前列腺增生症,年龄61~88岁,平均74岁。作耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术。结果手术均成功;手术时间35~65min,出血量100~200mL,术后前列腺重量为200~520g,平均215g;膀胱冲洗2~3d,拔导尿管5~7d;术后3d再出血1例,经DSA同侧髂内血管栓塞止血成功,排尿困难1例,短期尿失禁1例,其余患者术后均排尿通畅,控尿良好。结论开放性手术治疗巨大良性前列腺增生症,其梗阻解除彻底,是一种合理的治疗方法。恰当的手术方法是提高疗效及降低并发症的关键。     

重症心脏瓣膜置换术的体外循环管理

目的:回顾性总结重症心脏瓣膜病置换术体外循环经验.方法:105例重症心脏瓣膜病患者,使用stockerⅢ型心肺机及膜式氧合器,体外循环中采用中度低温,预充白蛋白并附加人工肾超滤,心肌保护用高钾含血停搏液灌注.结果:105例患者均顺利脱机,无1例死亡.体外循环时间60～180 min,主动脉阻断时间60～120 min,所有患者均顺利脱离体外循环,心脏自动复跳86例,电击19例.结论:手术中加强心肌保护,可减低手术后的功能衰竭和并发症,并可有效提高手术成功率.     

Safe anesthesia for endoscopic laryngeal laser surgery

Anesthesia safety for endoscopic laryngeal laser surgery has been a major limiting factor for laser applications in the larynx and the hypopharynx. Several anesthesia techniques have been proposed and each technique appears to have its own limitations. This paper will deal with the distinct advantages offered by the malleable copper tube which is used for delivery of the open Venturi system anesthesia for endoscopic laser surgery. A retrospective study of 100 patients who have undergone this modality of anesthesia at our institution will be presented. Our conclusion from this study shows clearly the superiority of the copper tube over the conventional aluminium-foil-wrapped endotracheal tube in safety and the exposure of the larynx during surgery.     

开放实验室的初步探讨

开放实验室是近年来高校实验教学改革的新举措,本文从管理的角度阐述了开放实验室在实验教学改革中对培养学生的实践能力、创新意识、个性化发展等方面发挥的重要作用。从实验时间、实验内容以及仪器设备共享等方面进行了重点讨论。     

Closure of a large bronchial fistula with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap

We describe a case of a large bronchial fistula and empyema after right upper lobectomy that was treated successfully with open window thoracostomy followed by a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and limited thoracoplasty. A latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap can provide immediate airtight closure of a large bronchial fistula, allowing lavage and curettage of the empyema cavity to reduce the chance of postoperative infection. An important aspect of this technique is that the deepithelialized skin side rather than muscle is sutured to an opening of the bronchus. As compared with other techniques, a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is superior in that it requires a single incision and does not require an intraop-erative change of position. In addition, the technique causes little dysfunction of the chest and shoulder and preserves the vascular supply to ensure the viability of the flap even if it was divided in a previous operation.     

开放性骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折的治疗和伤害控制论的应用

目的 总结治疗开放性骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折的治疗和应用伤害控制观念的体会。方法 回顾性分析2002年1月～2003年12月60岁以上股骨远端开放性骨折住院治疗的病例21例。应用伤害控制学的原则：全面评价其外伤程度，条件允许则急诊手术，危重患者就临时固定，监护患者的生理指标，限期施行骨折固定手术。结果 17例患者获得超过4个月以上的随访，平均随访7．3个月。17例患者在术后平均15周内(79～168d)达到临床愈合。参照Shelbourne疗效评定标准，膝关节功能优良率达到78％。结论 治疗开放性股骨远端骨质疏松性骨折需要应用伤害控制的观念，兼顾患者全面情况，同时治疗骨质疏松和其它并存疾病。手术固定以股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉为主，早期功能锻炼。     

开（牙合）患者舌位置变化研究

目的：研究开He患者的舌位置有无特征性变异。方法：利用舌背碘油造影方法，增加头颅侧位定位X线片上舌背的显影效果，在头颅侧位定位X线片上以舌体在固有口腔内的相对位置确定舌体的位置，通过开He与正常He者知位置的团体t检验比较，找出开He患者的舌位置变异特性。结果：开He患者与正常He者比较，舌根部与悬雍垂之间的间隙增大，舌背部与腭表面之间的间隙减小，舌尖部更靠近牙齿，结论：开He个体相对于正常He个体舌位置有向前，向上的变化特点，这可能是开He的病因之一。     

Long-term results of open reduction for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip: A new open reduction method involving 360° circumferential capsulotomy

We report satisfactory results with a new operative treatment, conducted via an extensive anterolateral approach, involving 360 degree circumferential capsulotomy, for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH). Long-term radiographic results of this procedure (group A) were compared retrospectively with the results of partial capsulotomy (group B), which preserved the posteroinferior joint capsule. The mean center edge angle in group A (22.5°) was greater than that in group B (16.0°). Satisfactory results were achieved in 11 of 15 hips (73%) (Severin class I or II) in group A, and in 5 of 12 hips (42%) in group B. These results suggest that whole circumferential capsulotomy can remove obstacles to complete reduction, and that acetabular development can be expected in hips reduced by the procedure, without the performance of innominate osteotomy. We believe that our technique is a useful alternative for the treatment of residual subluxation in CDH.     

开式涡轮转盘塔的操作区域

考察了开式涡轮转盘塔(OTRDC)中的分散相滞留率和液泛特性。采用五种不同的液-液体系,在两种不同直径的塔中进行了实验。给出了估算分散相滞留率的关联式及无传质时临界转速的判据,进而大体上确认了OTRDC的操作区域。