Intralesional measles,mumps, and rubella vaccine immunotherapy in molluscum contagiosum: A retrospective observational study from a tertiary care center in north India

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a mucocutaneous viral infection, often self‐limiting but untreated lesions can often last for 2 months to 2 years. Previously intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been tried for the treatment of warts but no studies exist of its use in MC. We report our experience with intralesional MMR in 22 patients of MC. The study was carried out to assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional MMR vaccine in patients of MC. We retrospectively analyzed records of patients who received intralesional MMR for MC from September 2018 to September 2019. Demographic characteristics, number, size, and site of molluscum lesions, number of MMR injections given, and response were recorded. Records of 22 patients were analyzed. There were 10 males and 12 females. The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 50 years with a mean of 19.72 ± 10.92. At the end of 12 weeks, 18 patients (81.8%) had complete clearance of lesions, with 4 patients (18.18%) having a partial response of more than 50%. No patient showed less than 50% or no response. In only one patient who had giant molluscum, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was noted. No other adverse effect was seen in any of the patients. MMR is a safe, effective, easy to administer, time‐saving, and inexpensive therapy for lesions of MC.     

Aqueductal stenosis following mumps virus infection. Case report

A case of aqueductal stenosis following mumps infection is reported, to the authors' knowledge the 12^th case in the literature. The pathogenetic events are discussed and the literature reviewed.

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Sommario È riportato un caso di stenosi dell'acquedotto a seguito di una infezione parotitica. Questo rappresenta il 12° caso della letteratura a conoscenza degli autori. Gli eventi patogenetici vengono discussi alla luce della letteratura.

     

Mumps orchitis in the non‐immune postpubertal male: a resurgent threat to male fertility?

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical findings associated with an increased incidence of mumps orchitis in Liverpool, UK, as in the last 2 years there has been a four-fold increase in the number of notified viral mumps cases in the UK. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the 8 months before April 2005, patients presenting to the Accident and Emergency/Urology Departments of the Royal Liverpool University Hospital with a diagnosis of epididymo-orchitis were identified from the emergency urological admission database. RESULTS: Of 195 males presenting with an acute history of testicular pain and swelling, 25 gave a history of mumps parotitis 4-11 days earlier. Three had bilateral orchitis and two needed scrotal exploration to exclude torsion. Scrotal ultrasonography findings varied from increased vascularity to abnormal testicular echo texture. Treatment included analgesia, scrotal support, re-hydration and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Of the 10 patients followed-up to date, four had testicular abnormalities; one had persistent testicular pain, one a change in testicular consistency, one a noticeably reduced size of one testis, and one significant testicular atrophy. CONCLUSION: As postpubertal mumps in males is associated with a 40% incidence of orchitis, parents should be made aware that failing to immunize their children threatens the future fertility of their sons. Young men not immunized as children should be counselled and offered urgent vaccination. Clinicians should be aware that epididymo-orchitis may be secondary to mumps infection even with no history or clinical evidence of parotitis.     

A Rare Ocular Complication of Mumps: Kerato-Uveitis

Purpose: To report a child who developed kerato-uveitis associated with mumps infection. Methods: A prospective study of a child who was observed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, during spring 2003. Results: An 11-year-old male patient noticed decreased vision in his left eye. His right eye was completely normal. Visual acuity was perception of hand movements in the left eye. Ocular examination revealed ciliary injection and diffuse hyperemia of the conjunctiva, interstitial keratitis characterized by prominent stromal infiltrates and edema, folds in the Descemet's membrane, and microcystic epithelial edema in his left eye. The patient had been diagnosed as having mumps 10 days previously by a pediatrician. Complete recovery of the keratitis occurred on the 10th day of topical steroid treatment. Conclusions: Keratitis and/or iritis are rare complications of mumps. Corneal involvement is characterized by unilateral and painless interstitial keratitis that may cause a significant decrease in vision. Keratitis resolves with treatment and does not have any sequelae.     

Measles, mumps and rubella -- the urologist's perspective

In recent years there has been a decline in the uptake of the MMR vaccine and a significant increase the number of reported case of mumps. This condition has number of important extrasalivary manifestations including mumps epididymo-orchitits. The article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and long-term sequelae of this increasingly prevalent condition and provides a reference for all practising urologists treating this disease.     

香港地区流行性腮腺炎月发病例数SARIMA模型预测分析

目的研究季节性差分自回归滑动平均模型（SARIMA）拟合季节时间序列的方法,并将其应用于预测香港流行性腮腺炎疫情趋势。方法利用R软件对2000年1月至2012年8月香港流行性腮腺炎月发病例数资料进行建模,用所构建模型进行预测分析。结果流行性腮腺炎发病呈上升趋势,SARIMA（2,1,1）×（1,1,1）。：模型较好地拟合了香港流行性腮腺炎的月发病例数,模型残差为白噪声序列,回代考核平均相对误差为17．5％;后8个月的数据作为前瞻性预测考核,平均相对误差为16．4％。结论SARIMA模型较好地模拟腮腺炎的流行特征,并进行中、短期预测。     

Replication of associations between cytokine and cytokine receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms and measles-specific adaptive immunophenotypic extremes

Our objective was to replicate previously reported associations between cytokine and cytokine receptor SNPs and humoral and CMI (cell-mediated immune) responses to measles vaccine. All subjects (n=758) received two doses of MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) vaccine. From these subjects, candidate cytokine and cytokine receptor SNPs were genotyped and analyzed in 29-30 subjects falling into one of four "extreme" humoral (Ab(high/low)) and CMI (CMI(high/low)) response quadrants. Associations between seven SNPs (out of 11 in the discovery study) and measles-specific neutralizing antibody levels and IFN-γ ELISPOT responses were evaluated using chi-square tests. We found one replicated association for SNP rs372889 in the IL12RB1 gene (P=0.03 for Ab(high)CMI(high) vs. Ab(low)CMI(low)). Our findings demonstrate the importance of replicating genotypic-phenotypic associations, which can be achieved using immunophenotypic extremes and smaller sample sizes. We speculate that IL12RB1 polymorphisms may affect IL-12 and IL-23 binding and downstream effects, which are critical cytokines in the CMI response to measles vaccine.     

2007-2011年平顶山市流行性腮腺炎报告病例的流行病学分析

目的了解平顶山市流行性腮腺炎（腮腺炎）报告病例的流行病学特征,为预防控制该病提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2007-2011年平顶山市疾病监测信息报告的腮腺炎疫情资料进行分析。结果 2007-2011年平顶山市共报告腮腺炎6422例,年平均发病率为25.88/10万。每月均有病例发生,相对集中在3-7月,占全部病例的55.61%。病例主要为学生（56.99%）、幼托儿童（22.86%）、散居儿童（15.57%）。男女病例报告发病率性别比为1.85：1。结论平顶山市腮腺炎的发病率较高,应做好麻风腮三联疫苗的接种工作,是预防与控制流行性腮腺炎的主要措施。     

2006-2010年广州市流行性腮腺炎监测和暴发疫情分析

目的分析广州市2006-2010年流行性腮腺炎流行特征,为制定腮腺炎预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学的回顾性调查方法,对广州市2006-2010年流行性腮腺炎发病及暴发情况进行分析。结果 2006-2010年广州市发生流行性腮腺炎23940例,年平均发病率为57.38/10万,其中2006年报告发病率最高,2007年发病率最低,分别为85.41/10万和45.04/10万。全年均有发病,发病高峰在5-7月,人群主要分布为学生（45%）、幼托儿童（23%）和散居儿童（18%）,以5～9岁年龄组的发病数最高（9888例）。男性发病率比女性高,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。腮腺炎暴发疫情共20起,均发生在学校。结论广州市腮腺炎发病率较高,托幼儿童和学生是防控的重点人群。