腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌12例诊治分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌(unexpected gallb ladder carc inom a,UGC)的处理措施。方法:回顾分析本院955例LC术中遇到的12例(1.26%)UGC的临床资料。结果:随诊3~36个月,平均18个月。迄今全部存活。5例PT1、5例PT2、1例PT3(中转开腹)随访至今未发现癌复发及转移。1例PT2因拒绝根治术,现出现肝多发转移。1例PT4因腹腔种植转移,无法根治,故仅部分切除胆囊(胆囊粘连重),以解决急性胆囊炎问题,现有腹水、恶液质表现。所有病例均未见脐部戳孔处肿瘤种植转移。结论:LC术中应常规切开胆囊标本,必要时送术中冰冻。PT1单纯切除胆囊已足够;PT2要额外楔形切除肝组织及区域淋巴结;PT3中转开腹,行根治手术或姑息手术。     

Physiologic mechanism and preoperative prediction of new-onset dysphagia after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

The aim of this study was to determine whether preoperative physiologic factors can account for and be used to predict the development of postoperative dysphagia after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. One hundred sixty-three patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with a median follow-up of 14 months (range 6 to 81 months). Preoperative dysphagia was present in 37% (60 of 163) and was relieved in all but five patients (92%). Female sex (P = 0.01) and the presence of a stricture (P = 0.02) were the only preoperative variables associated with the presence of preoperative dysphagia. Eight percent (8 of 103) of patients without preoperative dysphagia developed new-onset dysphagia, and of these 63% (5 of 8) had a normal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (pressure >6 mm Hg; length >2 cm; abdominal length >1 cm). New-onset dysphagia was significantly more common in patients with a normal LES (22% [5 of 23] vs. 4% [3 of 80], P = 001). Patients with a normal LES had almost a sixfold increase in the risk of developing dysphagia as those with an abnormal LES (relative risk = 5.8). Only a preoperative normal LES (P = 0.02) or mean LES pressures (P = 0.04) were positively associated with the development of postoperative dysphagia. The severity of this dysphagia also showed a strong positive trend of increasing with mean preoperative LES pressures (P = 0.07). Finally, preoperative LES pressure significantly correlated with postoperative LES pressure (r = 0.48, P = 0.01) and with mean residual LES (nadir) pressure (r = 0.33, P = 0.05) offering insight into the mechanism of this dysphagia. In conclusion, preoperative LES parameters play a role in the development of dysphagia after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Patients with a normal LES or high mean LES pressures are at increased risk for developing this complication and should be informed of this before laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Presented at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Atlanta, Ga., May 20–23, 2001.     

The case for laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

The modern surgeon's approach to choledocholithiasis depends his or her view of cholangiography. During the early 1990 there was a swing away from cholangiography, which had previously been common practice. This was because of perceptions of difficulty with the technique, the time it took, and perhaps an implied increase in costs because of the time factor. There was no evidence on which to base this decision. This led to a marked upswing in the use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). There were a large number of ERCPs with normal results performed prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This paper states the case for intraoperative cholangiography and common bile duct clearance at the time of cholecystectomy. It is hoped that this technique will be adopted so patients can undergo a single procedure to remove their gallstones and common bile duct stones if they exist and to decrease the incidence of normal preoperative ERCPs and the need for a second procedure postoperatively to clear stones if they are found.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆总管残留结石的转归

目的:研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC)后胆总管残留结石的处理及转归。方法:回顾分析我院1992年4月至2006年6月15 000余例LC术后28例胆总管残留结石的原因、治疗及转归。结果:LC术后28例胆总管残留结石中结石自行排出3例,ERCP确诊25例,25例通过EST成功取石,其中1例为术后胆漏并发胆管结石。结论:通过加强术前检查、术中仔细操作和术后积极处理,可减少LC术后胆总管残留结石及其他严重并发症的发生。     

异位妊娠的腹腔镜手术临床分析

目的探讨电视腹腔镜手术治疗内出血异位妊娠的安全性和可行性。方法回顾分析2000年8月￣2004年8月该院电视腹腔镜手术治疗的15例伴有内出血的异位妊娠(出血量大于800mL,观察组)及同期30例无明显内出血异位妊娠病人的临床资料(对照组)。结果15例病人均手术成功,无中转开腹及并发症发生,两组手术时间及手术后住院时间均无明显差异。结论随着腹腔镜手术操作技巧、麻醉和监护技术的提高,腹腔镜手术治疗内出血甚至休克型异位妊娠在一定条件下是安全可行的。     

基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术1696例的治疗体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜在基层医院普及开展的可行性和主要并发症的预防。方法:回顾分析1999年6月至2006年5月我院1 696例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料。结果:1 696例LC成功1 635例,中转开腹61例,中转率3.6%,发生并发症17例,其中胆管损伤1例,腹腔内出血2例,胆漏2例,腹腔感染1例,胆管残石3例,遗漏腹腔内病变6例,上消化道出血2例。结论:LC在基层医院的开展日益成熟,成为治疗胆囊良性疾患的“金标准”。术前注意鉴别诊断,术中操作轻柔,辨明胆囊三角结构,能避免严重并发症的发生。     

急性阑尾炎行腹腔镜手术与开放手术的对比分析

目的对比急性阑尾炎经腹腔镜切除(LA)与传统开腹切除(OA)的手术效果及优缺点。方法回顾性分析我院2004年10月—2007年10月160例急性阑尾炎(LA组80例,OA组80例)的手术情况,并对其临床资料进行统计、对比、分析。结果LA与OA的手术时间无显著性差异,LA术后疼痛程度、术后住院时间、术后切口感染等方面明显优于OA。结论LA是安全可靠的,与OA相比,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和住院时间短的优势,可作为急性阑尾炎的首选手术方式。     

高频电铲在腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术中的临床应用

目的评价腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术中应用高频电铲的可行性和安全性。方法选取2005年3月至2007年5月间使用高频电铲成功进行腹腔镜保肛手术的直肠癌患者28例，分别对患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后盆腔引流量、肛门排气时间、疼痛程度以及手术并发症等指标进行观察和记录。结果手术时间（178．6±25．3）min、术中出血量（62．6±40．5）ml、术后盆腔引流量：术后1d（90．5±27．1）ml、术后3d（5．4±4．6）ml、肛门排气时间（33．0±5．4）h、疼痛程度（VAS）：术后1d（5．52±1．29）、术后3d（2．42±1．06）、吻合口瘘1例、切口感染1例。随访1～26月无肿瘤复发及肠梗阻患者。结论高频电铲是一种非常实用的工具，应用于腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术是安全可行的，并可以降低医疗费用。     

Robotic-assisted heller myotomy versus laparoscopic heller myotomy for the treatment of esophageal achalasia: multicenter study

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) has become the standard treatment option for achalasia. The incidence of esophageal perforation reported is about 5%–10%. Robotically assisted Heller myotomy (RAHM) is emerging as a safe alternative to LHM. Data comparing the two approaches are scant. The aim of this study was to compare RAHM with LHM in terms of efficacy and safety for treatment of achalasia. A total of 121 patients underwent surgical treatment of achalasia at three institutions. A retrospective review of prospectively collected perioperative data was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (RAHM), 59 patients, and group B (LHM), 62 patients. All the operations were completed using minimally invasive techniques. There were 63 women and 58 men, with a mean age of 45 ±19 years (14–82 years). Fifty-one percent of patients in group A and 95% of patients in group B reported weight loss. Duration of symptoms was equal for both groups. Dysphagia was the main complaint in both groups (P = NS). There was no difference in preoperative endoscopic treatment in both groups (44% versus 27%, P = NS). Operative time was significantly shorter for LHM in the first half of the experience (141 ± 49 versus 122 ± 44 minutes, P < .05). However, in the last 30 cases there was no difference in operative time between the groups (P = NS). Intraoperative complications (esophageal perforation) were more frequent in group B (16% versus 0%). The incidence of postoperative heartburn did not differ by group. There were no deaths. At 18 and 22 months, 92% and 90% of patients had relief of their dysphagia. This study suggests that RAHM is safer than LHM, because it decreases the incidence of esophageal perforation to 0%, even in patients who had previous treatment. At short-term follow-up, relief of dysphagia was equally achieved in both groups. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–18, 2005 (oral presentation). This study was supported in part by a grant provided by Intuitive Surgical, Inc. and Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.     

肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性、安全性及手术技术特点。方法:回顾分析120例Child A、B级肝硬化患者行LC的临床资料。结果:中转开腹8例。中转原因:结石嵌顿、Calot三角粘连5例;术中出血,镜下止血困难2例;术中发现胆道变异1例。LC平均手术时间(40.3±12.5)min,术中平均出血(60.8±19.5)ml,术中无损伤,术后出血、肺部感染、泌尿系感染各1例。无肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,均治愈出院,术后平均住院(5.2±2.0)d。结论:对于Child A、B级肝硬化患者,LC是一种安全可行的微创手术。