Daily,limited access to methamphetamine self-administration during pregnancy leads to increased methamphetamine sensitivity in adult offspring

Methamphetamine use by women, even throughout pregnancy, is common. But there is limited knowledge about the effects in prenatally methamphetamine-exposed children. This study investigated how prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats, via maternal i.v. self-administration, affected the sensitivity of adult offspring to methamphetamine in comparison with controls. The offspring were generated from dams either self-administering methamphetamine daily under limited-access conditions prior to and throughout pregnancy, or their respective saline-yoked control dams. Spontaneous and methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity was assessed in male and female offspring of both exposure groups after a range of methamphetamine doses. In a separate group of offspring, acquisition of i.v. methamphetamine self-administration, responding under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of methamphetamine reinforcement, and reinstatement of extinguished drug-seeking behavior were assessed. Methamphetamine dose-dependently increased locomotor activity in both exposure groups. However, methamphetamine-exposed males showed significantly enhanced locomotor activity compared with controls at 1 mg/kg, and methamphetamine-exposed females showed significantly enhanced locomotor activity compared with controls at 3.2 mg/kg. Methamphetamine-exposed offspring of both sexes acquired methamphetamine self-administration faster and showed overall higher levels of methamphetamine-induced reinstatement compared with controls. Taken together, these results indicate that prenatal methamphetamine exposure to relatively low levels alters methamphetamine sensitivity in male and female adult offspring.     

痢疾杆菌R质粒的检测、消除及药物敏感试验

目的：探讨得疾杆菌的耐药性。方法：采用Ｋ－Ｂ法测定痢疾杆菌的耐药谱,对耐药菌株进行Ｒ闰的检测及接合传递人工诱导痢疾杆功秋稳定Ｌ型,观察Ｒ质粒丢失情况。结果：４５株痢疾杆菌４４经,耐药率９７．８％,其中三重耐药菌株占９３．２％,四重以上耐药菌株占７３．３％。８８．９％（４０／４５）的菌株检测出Ｒ质粒,质粒的接合传递率为６１．４％。痢疾杆菌Ｌ型未见质粒丢失。结论：痢疾杆菌的耐药性十分严重,自由质粒控制     

急性白血病多药耐药性与临床疗效关系的探讨

目的：探讨白血病细胞的多药耐药性与临床疗效及预后的关系。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链法（RT－PCR）检测65例急性白血病（AL）患者的多药耐药基因（MDR1mRNA)表达。同时采用MTT法对35例患者做体外药物敏感试验。结果：初治组MDR1mRNA阳性表达率为31．1％,复发难治组性表达率为75．0％;MDR1mRNA阳性表达组完全缓解率和总缓解率均低于MDR1mRNA阴性表达组（P＜0．01）。药敏试验与化疗疗效相关,总临床符合率为80．0％。结论：MDR1mRNA表达及体外药敏检测与AL的化疗效果及预后密切相关,可作为判断疗放与预后的重要指标。     

老年冠心病患者红细胞免疫功能与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨老年冠心病患红细胞免疫功能与胰岛素抵抗（IR）之间的关系。方法：将老年冠心病人（59％）分为不稳定型心绞痛组（27例）和稳定型心绞痛组（22组）,并与32例健康老人组对照。采用“郭峰改良法”及PEG双抗法分别检测各组的红细胞C3b受体花环（RBC-C3bRR),红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC－ICR）及空腹和餐后2h胰岛素（IS）。结果：老年冠心病组RBC－ICR,空腹及糖负荷后的IS均明显高于对照组,P＜0．01,老年冠心病组RBC－C3bRR与对照组无显性差异。结论：RBC－ICR和IR参与老年冠心病的发病过程,并相互影响,加重血管内皮的损伤。     

革兰阴性杆菌诱导型β-内酰胺酶测定及耐药性分析

对174株革兰阴性杆菌进行诱导型β－内酰胺酶的测定和耐药性分析,结果产诱导型β－内酰胺酶细菌65株（37．4％）,其中铜绿假单胞菌,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,阴沟肠杆菌,弗旁地枸橼酸杆菌检出率最高,分别为60．0％,60．0％,53．8％,50．0％,产诱导型β－内酰胺酶细菌对第一代,第二代头孢菌素有较高耐药性,对第三代头孢菌素和氨基糖甙类,喹喏酮类耐药率较低,产酶株与非产酶耐药率很接近。提示常规药敏试验未能真正反映细菌耐药情况,诱导型β－内酰胺酶的检测可以补充常规药敏的不足。     

脾内血管的应用解剖学研究盐酸喹那普利治疗原发性高血压的临床应用观察

目的　探讨盐酸喹那普利 (QuinaprilHydrochloride)治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的有效性和安全性。方法　全国 6家医院参加的一项多中心、随机、双盲、平行组间对照研究。结果　 113例原发性高血压病人治疗 8周后 ,总有效率达 85 84% ,统计学有显著性差异。盐酸喹那普利副反应较轻 ,对肾脏、肝脏、造血系统和心脏未见有害作用。结论　盐酸喹那普利是一种安全、疗效好、副反应小的治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的有效药物。     

强的松龙.葡聚糖连接物在大鼠胃肠道内容物中的水解

观察强的松龙．葡聚糖连接物的结肠定向释放特性。方法通过将所合成的强的松龙．葡聚糖连接珠与大鼠胃肠道不同部位内容物稀释液一起孵育,观察强的松龙的释放情况。结果在１６０ｍｉｎ的卵育过程中,强的松龙．葡聚糖连接物的在胃肠道上部内容物中水解释放出少量强的松龙及强的椴龙琥珀酸半酯,最在释放量小于３μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１;而在胃肠道下部内容物中水解释放出大量强的松龙及强的松龙琥珀酸半酯最大释放量为１４μｍｏｌ．Ｌ     

麻醉犬心房内注射复方川芎汤后血清中川芎嗪药时曲线双峰与血流动力学效应的关系

目的　探讨中药大复方体内作用规律 ,为“证治药动学”6要素中“定性定量论”提供进一步的实验依据 .方法　分别从冠状动脉定量狭窄犬和对照犬的右心房内给予复方川芎水提液 (0 .6 g· kg- 1 ) .结果　在动脉血药时 (c- t)曲线上出现了川芎嗪 (TMP)的双峰现象 ;冠状动脉狭窄犬的 TMP第 2峰显著地高于对照犬 ;而这种增高的第 2峰又与 TMP的血流动力学效应相关 .结论　可能存在机体生理和病理状态对中药复方体内命运的特殊处置规律     

高效毛细管电泳分离测定头孢克罗血浆浓度

采用乙腈直接沉淀血浆蛋白,以头孢拉定为内标,建立了适合人血浆中头孢克罗分离测定的高效毛细管电泳方法。在48cm×50μm未涂层石英毛细管柱上,选择50mmol／L磷酸二氢钠-12．5mmol／L硼砂(pH8．08)为运行缓冲液,操作电压20kV(＋)→(－),压力进样12psi×s,柱上紫外265nm检测,头孢克罗和内标头孢拉定在6．5min内获得了理想的分离,内源性物质不干扰高效毛细管电泳定量分析。血药浓度在0．25～25．0μg／ml范围内线性关系良好(r＝0．9993,n＝5),绝对回收率大于90．5％,日内及日间精密度均小于9．5％,并成功地应用于健康志愿者单剂量口服头孢克罗普通胶囊后血药浓度的动态分析。     

ABPM和超声心动图评价降压和左室肥厚消退

目的 研究新型的降压药物－血管紧张素受体拮抗剂氯沙坦的降压疗效和对左室肥厚的消退作用。方法 选择高血压左室肥厚患者２１例给予氯沙坦口服,治疗前后行２４ｈ动态血压监测和心脏彩色多普勒超声检查。结果 ２４ｈ动态血压监测的指标２４ｈＳＢＰ、２４ｈＤＢＰ、ｄＳＢＰ、ｄＤＢＰ、ｎＳＢＰ、ｎＤＢＰ和心脏超声标志左室肥厚的指标ＩＶＳＴ、ＰＷＴ、ＬＶＭＩ用药后均较用药前有显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 氯沙坦能够