温敏性高分子材料对药物释放的研究

 目的合成一系列温度敏感性(温敏性)凝胶，测定其低临界溶液温度(相变温度)。筛选出具有与人体体温相近的相变温度的凝胶，并使其可以作为药物的载体。方法采用自由基水溶液聚合的方法合成共聚物，然后用聚合物承载药物并用高效液相色谱法测其不同温度下药物的释放情况。结果温敏性凝胶可以作为自控式或缓释药用辅料，但如果相变温度低于人体体温，则无实际应用意义。采用共聚合的方法，确可提高凝胶的相变温度。不同条件下合成的共聚物有着不同的相变温度，药物释放情况也不同。结论调整不同组成比例及交联剂的浓度，可使此类凝胶作为自控式或缓释药用辅料成为可能。     

尼群地平缓释胶囊在家犬体内的药动学与相对生物利用度

目的研究尼群地平缓释胶囊在家犬体内的药代动力学与相对生物利用度。方法用高效液相色谱法测定了 6条健康家犬口服尼群地平缓释胶囊 (受试制剂 )和尼群地平普通片 (参比制剂 )后不同时间点血浆中尼群地平的浓度 ,绘制血药浓度 -时间曲线 ,计算药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度。结果受试犬口服含尼群地平 4 0mg的受试制剂和参比制剂后 ,血浆中尼群地平的tmax分别为 (6 1 7± 1 60 )和 (1 4 6± 0 5 1 )h;cmax分别为 (3 4 3 8± 1 2 2 6)和 (45 6 5± 1 0 7 4 )nmol L ;用梯形法计算 ,AUC0～t分别为 (1 93 0 1± 1 0 0 5 1 0 6)和 (1 790 8± 94 2 8)nmol·h L。以AUC计算 ,与参比制剂相比 ,受试制剂中尼群地平的相对生物利用度平均为 (1 1 0 5 9± 2 3 60 ) %。将AUC0～t经对数转换后进行方差分析 ,结果表明 ,受试制剂与参比制剂相比 ,除个体间外 ,周期间与制剂间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,受试制剂AUC0～t的 90 %置信区间为参比制剂的 88 5 4 %～ 1 3 1 93 %。结论尼群地平缓释胶囊与国外普通片相比 ,在犬体内具有更长的作用时间 ,且相对生物利用度相近     

小儿危重症血中胃泌素、胃动素水平变化研究

目的　 了解不同程度危重症患儿血中胃泌素 (GAS)、胃动素 (MTL)水平变化 ,探讨其与胃肠功能障碍或衰竭的关系。 方法 　采用放射免疫法测定不同程度危重症患儿血清GAS、血浆MTL水平 ,并以正常小儿作对照。 结果 　血清GAS、血浆MTL各组均数差异有显著性 (F =9 5 5 ,P <0 0 1;F =2 0 13,P <0 0 1) ,不同危重程度组患儿血清GAS、血浆MTL水平的升降变化差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。胃肠功能障碍组和衰竭组患儿血清GAS和血浆MTL水平升降变化与正常对照组及非胃肠功能障碍组比较差异有显著性 (F =11 2 0 ,P <0 0 1;F =5 3 99,P <0 0 1)。 结论 　小儿危重症时GAS、MTL参与了危重症发生、发展的病理生理过程 ,是其发生、发展的重要病理生理基础之一 ,且与胃肠功能障碍或衰竭及多器官功能衰竭 (MOF)发生有关     

布洛芬缓释胶囊的人体相对生物利用度

目的:比较布洛芬缓释胶囊和芬必得胶囊的人体生物利用度。方法:用随机交叉试验设计,20名健康男性受试者口服单剂量和多剂量两种制剂600 mg,高效液相色谱法测定血清中布洛芬的浓度,计算两药的药代动力学参数。结果:受试者口服单剂量国产布洛芬缓释胶囊与芬必得胶囊后布洛芬的AUC_(0-24)分别为208.74±43.74和205.54±39.43 mg·h·L~(-1),t_(max)分别为4.85±0.81和5.20±1.06 h,C_(max)分别为25.40±4.00和25.47±4.50mg·L~(-1),以AUC_(0-24)计算,国产布洛芬缓释胶囊的相对生物利用度为(104.13±25.50)％。口服多剂量国产布洛芬缓释胶囊与芬必得胶囊后布洛芬的AUC~(ss)分别为170.81±24.87和172.93±29.76 mg·h·L~(-1),t_(max)分别为4.90±0.97和4.65±1.09 h,C_(max)分别为27.31±5.45和26.87±3.79 mg·L~(-1);C_(min)分别为6.13±1.60和5.94±1.84 mg·L~(-1),波动度分别为(146.45±36.69)％和(149.10±22.61)％。以AUC~(ss)计算,国产布洛芬缓释胶囊的相对生物利用度为(99.68±10.22)％。结论:国产布洛芬缓释胶囊与芬必得胶囊具有生物等效性。     

冬虫夏草对巨噬细胞免疫活性的增强作用

 目的:检测冬虫夏草对巨噬细胞免疫活性的影响，探讨其滋补强身作用机理。方法:未用不同浓度虫草水提液与J774巨噬细胞一起作细胞培养，观察细胞吞噬活性的变异情况。结果:细胞吞噬活性明显增强。在药物浓度100μ g·ml^-1到3 000μg·ml^-1范围内都有显著增强效果(P<0.05)。分别增强1.27倍到2. 58倍，峰值在500μg·ml^-1结论:增强机体免疫功能，可能在虫草的滋补强身作用机制中起重要作用。     

Diagnosis of pneumothorax in critically ill adults

The diagnosis of pneumothorax is established from the patients' history, physical examination and, where possible, by radiological investigations. Adult respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, and trauma are important predictors of pneumothorax, as are various practical procedures including mechanical ventilation, central line insertion, and surgical procedures in the thorax, head, and neck and abdomen. Examination should include an inspection of the ventilator observations and chest drainage systems as well as the patient's cardiovascular and respiratory systems.Radiological diagnosis is normally confined to plain frontal radiographs in the critically ill patient, although lateral images and computed tomography are also important. Situations are described where an abnormal lucency or an apparent lung edge may be confused with a pneumothorax. These may arise from outside the thoracic cavity or from lung abnormalities or abdominal viscera inside the chest.     

危重病患儿应激性高血糖的临床研究

对探讨应激性高血糖对危重病患儿的影响，我院ＩＣＵ１９９５年１月－１９９５年１２月对２５５例急性病患儿进行了血糖监测，结果血糖〉６．６７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ１０７例；高血糖与器官功能障碍关系密切，一个和三个顺官功能衰竭时血糖分别为８．８９±３．０３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１３．２０±４．４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。两个和 器官功能衰竭时血糖分别为１０．６３±４．８２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１６．８０±１０．４６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ：，血虎高期     

Survival of colorectal cancer patients in Europe during the period 1978–1989

This study concerns the survival of European patients diagnosed between 1978 and 1989 with colorectal cancer. Variations in survival in relation to age, country and period of diagnosis were examined. Data from the EUROCARE study were supplied by population-based cancer registries in 17 countries to a common protocol. Five years after diagnosis, relative survival rates were 47 and 43% for cancers of the colon and rectum, respectively. Survival decreased with increasing age: the relative risk of dying for the oldest patients (75+) was 1.39 for rectum and 1.54 for colon compared with the youngest patients (15-44 years). In 1985-1989 survival from colorectal cancer differed significantly between different European countries: the Nordic countries (Denmark excluded), The Netherlands, Switzerland, France and Austria were characterised by high survival, whilst Eastern European countries, the U.K. and Denmark were characterised by low survival. There was a general improvement in survival over the period 1978-1989: from 40 to 48% for colon cancer and 38 to 46% for rectal cancer. For neither cancer site did between-country survival differences narrow over the study period. Intercountry and time differences in survival differences are probably related to stage at diagnosis and postoperative mortality.     

替米沙坦片在健康人体的药代动力学和相对生物利用度

目的研究国产和进口替米沙坦片在健康人体的药代动力学并评价2制剂的生物等效性。方法20名健康志愿者单次、交叉口服替米沙坦片80mg后,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆替米沙坦浓度。用3P97药代动力学软件计算药代动力学参数。结果2种替米沙坦片在健康志愿者体内的药-时曲线均符合二室模型,2种制剂的主要药代动力学参数:Cmax分别为(944.71±376.08),(852.72±333.78)ng·mL-1;tmax分别为(0.98±0.60),(1.28±0.65)h;t1/2β分别为(28.78±13.88),(25.83±9.25)h;AUC0-t分别为(4.14±2.44),(3.83±1.97)mg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞分别为(4.64±2.84),(4.17±2.22)mg·h·L-1。国产对进口制剂的平均相对生物利用度F0-t为(99.64±23.93)%,F0-∞为(97.97±26.20)%。结论国产和进口替米沙坦片剂为生物等效制剂。     

国产罗格列酮胶囊在健康人体的相对生物利用度

目的研究健康受试者口服罗格列酮胶囊的药代动力学。方法20名健康受试者随机服用罗格列酮受试和参比制剂各4mg,用HPLC-MS法测定血浆中罗格列酮的浓度。结果经3P97程序处理,主要药代动力学参数如下。罗格列酮胶囊剂:t1/2为(5.18±0.84)h,AUC0-24h为(2.13±0.21)μg·h·mL-1,Cmax为(305.31±38.21)ng·mL-1,tmax为(1.1±0.4)h;罗格列酮片剂:t1/2为(5.10±0.64)h,AUC0-24h为(2.20±0.20)μg·h·mL-1,Cmax为(318.84±38.38)ng·mL-1,tmax为(1.2±0.3)h。罗格列酮受试和参比制剂的相对生物利用度为(97.6±12.7)%。结论2制剂具有生物等效性。