MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症时对神经根变异的探查

目的：观察显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术（microendoscopic discectomy，MED）治疗腰椎间盘突出症时神经根变异情况，防止出现术中神经根损伤。方法：回顾分析自1999年10月至2003年12月应用MED治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者724例，其中男452例，女272例。对术中发现存在腰骶神经根变异患者的临床特点及术中所见进行统计分析。结果：724例腰椎间盘突出症患者有37例神经根变异，发生率为5.1％。与术前的临床表现吻合，全部神经根变异患者均在MED下完成手术，无一例出现神经根损伤。结论：仔细探查及分离突出髓核周围神经根发出情况．确定有无神经根变异是防止MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症时发生神经根损伤的重要环节之一。     

颈肩背轴型反流皮瓣修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩

目的探讨修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩一种实用而较理想的方法.方法以颈横动脉浅支为蒂,利用其与旋肩胛动脉皮支的丰富吻合,反流形成超长的轴型皮瓣,向前旋转修复瘢痕松解后的颈前创面.结果采用本皮瓣修复30例儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩,其中18例随访2年,颈部活动自如,颌骨发育无明显异常,皮瓣色泽良好,效果令人满意.结论本皮瓣轴型血管恒定,反流灌注动脉压高有保证,供瓣面积充足,供区多可直接拉拢缝合,是修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩的较理想方法.     

腰椎终板、椎间盘退变及椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验的相关性研究

目的探讨下腰痛患者腰椎终板Modic退变、椎间盘退变及CT引导下腰椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验的相关性.方法对45例下腰痛患者常规行腰椎X线和MR检查,分别按Modic终板退变标准（0～3级）与Pearce椎间盘退变标准（Ⅰ～Ⅴ级）对终板和椎间盘进行评估.在CT引导下对45例患者中的40例（120个椎间盘）进行造影和疼痛激发试验,并按Dallas椎间盘造影分级系统（DDD）测评椎间盘退变程度.采用SPSS 11.5统计学软件分析腰椎终板Modic退变、椎间盘退变与腰椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验之间的相关性.结果40例下腰痛患者的腰椎终板Modic分级与椎间盘退变Pearce分级存在较强的相关性（Pearson x^2=43.326,P=0.000）,与椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验有显著相关性（Pearson x^2=27.858,P=0.000）;椎间盘退变Pearce分级与CT椎间盘造影椎间盘退变Dallas分级也呈较强的相关性.结论腰椎终板Modic退变分级与椎间盘退变Pearce分级密切相关,而与椎间盘疼痛激发试验有显著相关性,提示终板Modic退变可能是下腰痛的原因之一.     

经皮椎间盘摘出联合医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经皮髓核摘除术(PLD)联合医用臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果及可行性。方法临床与影像检查确诊为腰椎间盘突出25例,先行PLD,后行椎间盘内及椎旁注射臭氧。结果25例病人治疗后经一年随访,治愈21例,有效24例,无效1例,无一例并发症。结论PLD联合医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症,安全可靠,可改善治疗效果,减少不良反应,值得推广应用。     

Vacunas contra el virus del papiloma humano

Persistent infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) is considered to be the main cause of cervical cancer and other ano-genital cancers. Of more than 30 genotypes able to infect the anogenital tract, it is estimated that, worldwide, HPV 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancers and that HPV 6 and 11 cause more than 90% of genital warts. In the last few years, the morbidity and mortality and health costs associated with cervical cancer and its precursor lesions have stimulated intense research activity to achieve primary prevention of this disease through prophylactic vaccines.     

经皮激光椎间盘减压术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

目的探讨经皮激光椎间盘减压术（percutaneous laser disc decompression，PLDD）治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的疗效。方法2002年6月～2004年12月我院对36例椎间盘源性腰痛，采用英国DIOMED公司半导体激光仪，激光功率15W，每个激光脉冲持续1s，间隔1s，照射能量800～1200J。VAS评分评价治疗效果。结果手术时间15～60min，平均30min。32例出现“疼痛复制效应”。36例随访6～36个月，平均11个月，32例有效（术后VAS评分改善≥3分18例，≥分14例），4例无效，有效率88．9％（32／36）。结论PLDD治疗椎间盘源性腰痛安全、有效、微创。     

X chromosomal and autosomal loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability in human cervical carcinoma

The study analyzes tumor material and normal tissue from 27 patients with pure squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) on 14 autosomal and 11 X chromosomal loci. Overall, 4-40% of the informative cases showed LOH at autosomal regions with the highest frequency at 3p (21-40%) and a marked frequency at 2q35-q37.1 (12.5%) and 17p13.3 (10%), representing regions with putative tumor suppressor gene (TSG) function. The frequency of X chromosomal LOH ranged from 4% to 20%, with a maximum at Xq28 (20%) and Xq11.2-q12 (17%), again indicating alterations in TSG. A 12% LOH was seen at Xq21.33-q22.3, a region encoding a protein with a regulatory function in the cell cycle via cyclin-dependent kinases. MSI was detected in autosomal regions in up to 7% in regions linked to the X chromosome in up to 11%, probably indicating alterations of mismatch repair mechanisms. Our results and those obtained from the literature suggest that autosomal LOH and MSI in carcinomas of the cervix uteri are predominantly found at regions with putative TSG function. Beside TSG alterations, X chromosomal LOH is probably more strongly connected to disturbances in cell cycle regulation.     

Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in cervical cancer: different roles in tumor progression

The incidence of uterine cervical cancer has increased slightly in Western countries, with an increase in relatively young women. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 has turned out as a prognostic factor in many cancers. We compared the expression of the proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cervical primary tumors with clinical outcome and risk factors of cervical cancer. One hundred sixty-one patients with cervical cancer treated in Ume? University Hospital or Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, between 1991 and 1995 were included in the study. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained prior to treatment were examined immunohistochemically by specific antibodies for MMP-2 and MMP-9. Forty-two percent of the tumors were intensively positive for MMP-2 and 31% for MMP-9. Nineteen percent of the samples were intensively positive for both proteinases and 47% negative or weak for both. Overexpression of MMP-2 seemed to predict unfavorable survival under Kaplan-Meier analysis and in the multivariate analysis. Early sexual activity and low parity seemed to correlate to overexpression of MMP-2. MMP-9 was not associated with survival or sexual behavior. Intensive MMP-9 was noted in grade 1 tumors. We conclude that MMP-2 and MMP-9 have different roles in uterine cervical cancer. MMP-2 could be associated with aggressive behavior, but MMP-9 expression diminishes in high-grade tumors.     

广龙昊膏药对大鼠腰椎间盘突出模型细胞因子IL-1、NO及组织胺的影响

为探讨IL-1、NO及组织胺在腰椎间盘突出中的作用及广龙昊膏药的治疗效果，将60只大鼠造模并随机分为正常组（A组）、造模组（B组）、广龙昊膏药组（C组）和奇正止痛膏组（D组），观察其神经根周围局部组织中IL-1、NO及组织胺的含量。结果显示，B组中的IL-1、NO及组织胺较A组显著升高（P〈0．01）。C组、D组较B组明显下降（P〈0．01）。表明大鼠腰椎间盘突出模型中细胞因子IL-1、NO及组织胺明显增加可能是腰椎间盘突出中的潜在始动或促进因素，而C组能显著降低神经根局部中IL-1、NO及组织胺的含量，说明广龙昊膏药作用部分是通过抑制炎性细胞因子的活性实现的。     

Encouraging Underscreened Women to Have Cervical Cancer Screening: The Effectiveness of a Computer Strategy

Background.Computers that collect data from patients and provide both patients and practitioners with printed feedback on a range of health risks are a tool for assisting general practitioners with preventive care. This study assessed the impact of computer-generated printed feedback on cervical screening among women who were underscreened for cervical cancer.Method.Female attenders at two Australian general practices were randomly allocated to Experimental or Control groups. Women in both groups completed a health risk survey on a touch screen computer prior to their consultation. Those in the Experimental group received printed pages summarizing their results, including their eligibility for cervical screening and last Pap test, for themselves and their doctor. The number and proportion of underscreened women who had a Pap test in the 6 months after completing the computer survey, as determined by pathology records, were examined.Results.Of the 679 participants, 139 were classified as underscreened on the basis of self-report (74 Experimental, 65 Control) and 272 on the basis of their pathology records (148 Experimental, 124 Control). Overall about one-third of women had a test in the 6-month period, and the differences between the groups were not significant for women overall (18–70 years) or for women 18–49 years. Among women 50–70 who were underscreened based on self-report, those receiving the printout were more likely to have a Pap test in the next 6 months (P< 0.05). This pattern was also evident, but did not reach statistical significance, for older women who were underscreened based on pathology records.Conclusions.We are unable to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the computer system due to the modest proportions of women screened, the small numbers, and the fact that the computer survey may have created an intervention effect in the Control group. As the study suggests the computer system is acceptable to women and may be effective for encouraging screening among older women, further exploration of the system is desirable.