Fungal periprosthetic joint infection: Rare but challenging problem

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most difficult complication following total joint arthroplasty. Most of the etiological strains, accounting for over 98% of PJI, are bacterial species, with Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci present in between 50% and 60% of all PJIs. Fungi, though rare, can also cause PJI in 1%–2% of cases and can be challenging to manage. The management of this uncommon but complex condition is challenging due to the absence of a consistent algorithm. Diagnosis of fungal PJI is difficult as isolation of the organisms by traditional culture may take a long time, and some of the culture-negative PJI can be caused by fungal organisms. In recent years, the introduction of next-generation sequencing has provided opportunity for isolation of the infective organisms in culture-negative PJI cases. The suggested treatment is based on consensus and includes operative and non-operative measures. Two-stage revision surgery is the most reliable surgical option for chronic PJI caused by fungi. Pharmacological therapy with antifungal agents is required for a long period of time with antibiotics and included to cover superinfections with bacterial species. The aim of this review article is to report the most up-to-date information on the diagnosis and treatment of fungal PJI with the intention of providing clear guidance to clinicians, researchers and surgeons.     

Gait analysis of foot compensation in symptomatic Hallux Rigidus patients

BackgroundCompensatory motion of foot joints in hallux rigidus (HR) are not fully known. This study aimed to clarify the kinematic compensation within the foot and to detect whether this affects plantar pressure distribution.MethodsGait characteristics were assessed in 16 patients (16 feet) with HR and compared with 15 healthy controls (30 feet) with three-dimensional gait analysis by using the multi-segment Oxford Foot Model, measuring spatio-temporal parameters, joint kinematics and plantar pressure.ResultsHR subjects showed less hallux plantar flexion during midstance and less hallux dorsiflexion during push-off, while increased forefoot supination was detected during push-off. No significant differences in plantar pressure were detected. Step length was significantly smaller in HR subjects, while gait velocity was comparable between groups.ConclusionsHR significantly affects sagittal hallux motion, and the forefoot compensates by an increased supination during push-off. Despite this kinematic compensatory mechanism, no significant differences in plantar loading were detected.     

膑下脂肪垫损害性膝关节痛

膑下脂肪垫损害性膝关节致痛１０２例，临床采用膑垫松解手术和银质针针刺疗法治疗，优良率为９０．２％。根据膑垫和解剖学特点及膝关节生物力学分析，认为附着于膑骨下端粗面的脂肪垫无菌性炎症病变是引起慢性膝痛的重要原因。银质针针刺和手术松解治疗能消除病弈我的炎性刺激因素，使慢性膝痛获得治愈。     

肩关节运动法应用于漏肩风患者的疗效观察

目的：探讨肩关节运动法 对促进漏肩风患肩关节功能恢复的作用。方法：试验组在常规治疗后采用摇肩法、抬肩法、提肩法、撑肩法、滚肩法的肩关节运动方法。对照组采用常规治疗护理方法。结果：试验组 患肩关节功能恢复情况明显好于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论:肩关节运动能有效地促进漏风肩风患肩关节功能的恢复。     

Cervical zygapophysial (facet) joint pain: effectiveness of interventional management strategies

Diagnostic facet joint nerve blocks have been utilized in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain in patients without disk herniation or radicular pain due to a lack of reliable noninvasive diagnostic measures. Therapeutic interventions include intra-articular injections, facet joint nerve blocks and radiofrequency neurotomy. The diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of facet joint interventions have been assessed in multiple diagnostic accuracy studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic reviews in managing chronic neck pain.

This assessment shows there is Level II evidence based on a total of 11 controlled diagnostic accuracy studies for diagnosing cervical facet joint pain in patients without disk herniation or radicular pain utilizing controlled diagnostic blocks. Due to significant variability and internal inconsistency regarding prevalence in a heterogenous population; despite 11 studies, evidence is determined as Level II. Prevalence ranged from 36% to 67% with at least 80% pain relief as the criterion standard with a false-positive rate ranging from 27% to 63%.

The evidence is Level II for the long-term effectiveness of radiofrequency neurotomy and facet joint nerve blocks in managing cervical facet joint pain. There is Level III evidence for cervical intra-articular injections.     

CPM在膝关节强直松解术后的应用

１４例膝关节强直患者于松解术后第２天至第１０天应用持续被动关节活动器（ＣＰＭ）和微波治疗，每日二次，每次１小时。１０例对照，只用微波治疗。结果显示：切口拆线时ＣＰＭ治疗组膝关节主动活动度（ＡＲＯＭ）为６７．４±９．６，显著大于对照组４８．３±１２．１（Ｐ＜０．０１），住院天数、患膝关节水肿消除时间均比对照组缩短，但无统计差异，ＣＰＭ治疗组无一例发生切口延期愈合，且疼痛感比对照组轻。     

影像学检查诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的临床价值

目的:比较寰枢关节影像学检查的优缺点,评价影像检查诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析X线摄片52例、常规CT检查69例、MRI检查7例、CT三维成像检查89例患者寰枢关节的影像资料。观察寰枢关节不全脱位的影像学表现,分析其临床价值及特点。结果:X线检查52例,肯定脱位诊断13例、可疑脱位诊断17例、无脱位诊断22例。常规CT检查69例,肯定脱位诊断32例、可疑脱位诊断23例、无脱位诊断14例。MRI检查7例,肯定脱位诊断1例、可疑脱位诊断3例、无脱位诊断4例。CT三维成像检查89例,肯定脱位诊断72例、可疑脱位诊断0例、无脱位诊断17例,其肯定脱位诊断率为80.9%,旋转性脱位诊断率为72.2%。结论:影像学检查是诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的主要方法,具有确定诊断的临床价值。其中CT三维成像显示脱位征象最清楚、直观。     

柔筋汤联合温针灸治疗脑卒中恢复期痉挛性偏瘫临床研究

目的:观察柔筋汤联合温针灸治疗脑卒中恢复期痉挛性偏瘫的临床疗效。方法:选取82例脑卒中恢复期痉挛性偏瘫患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组各41例。对照组予以康复训练治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予柔筋汤联合温针灸治疗。比较2组临床疗效、关节痉挛程度(Ashworth)评分、运动功能(Fugl-Meyer)评分、生活自理能力(Barthel)评分。结果:总有效率治疗组为95.1%,对照组为75.6%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组肘关节、腕关节、膝关节、踝关节等Ashworth评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组各项指标评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,Fugl-Meyer、Barthel评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:柔筋汤联合温针灸治疗脑卒中恢复期痉挛性偏瘫疗效显著,可明显减轻患者的关节痉挛程度,提高运动功能与生活自理能力。     

活血化瘀通络方内服外敷对高龄髋部骨折患者术后深静脉血栓的影响

目的:观察活血化瘀通络方内服外敷对高龄髋部骨折患者术后深静脉血栓(DVT)的影响。方法:将123例高龄髋部骨折患者随机分为内服组、外敷组及内服外敷组各41例。术后叮嘱患者常规卧床休息,抬高患肢,采用肝素进行抗凝,尿激酶进行溶栓。在此基础上,内服组予活血化瘀通络方内服,外敷组予活血化瘀通络方外敷,内服外敷组同时予活血化瘀通络方内服与外敷。比较各组临床治疗疗效、血流动力学指标、血液流变学指标以及下肢运动功能恢复情况,并观察术后DVT发生率以及不良反应发生率。结果:临床疗效总有效率内服外敷组92.68%,明显高于内服组75.61%、外敷组53.66%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且内服组明显高于外敷组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,内服外敷组心率明显低于内服组、外敷组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),平均动脉压、中心静脉压明显高于内服组、外敷组(P<0.05),内服组、外敷组以上血流动力学指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);内服外敷组毛细管血黏度、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、红细胞聚集指数以及血细胞比容明显低于内服组、外敷组(P<0.05),内服组、外敷组以上血液流变学指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);内服外敷组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分明显低于内服组、外敷组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);日常生活能力量表(ADL)以及髋关节功能(Harris)评分均明显高于内服组、外敷组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);内服组、外敷组下肢运动功能恢复情况各项评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。内服外敷组术后DVT发生率2.44%,明显低于外敷组19.51%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与内服组7.32%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),内服组、外敷组术后DVT发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组术后不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:活血化瘀通络方内服外敷治疗高龄髋部骨折患者效果明显,可有效改善血液回流,促进患者下肢运动功能恢复,减少术后DVT发生。