经胸非体外小切口室间隔缺损封堵术患儿的术中配合

目的:总结经胸非体外小切口室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术的配合体会。方法:对2013年6~11月我院收治59例行经胸非体外小切口VSD封堵术的患儿术中配合体会进行回顾性总结。结果:56例均一次封堵成功,经食管超声心动图提示无残余分流,3例改为心脏直视手术,所有手术均顺利完成,效果满意。结论:做好术中配合及充分的心脏直视手术准备,对保证手术成功及减少术后并发症有重要意义。     

Unique and reliable rat model for the assessment of cell therapy: bone union in the rat mandibular symphysis using bone marrow stromal cells

Many kinds of bone graft materials have been developed and reported to repair various bone defects. The defects are usually created by surgical resection of pre‐existing bone tissue. However, spontaneous healing of bone defects without implantation of materials could be seen, because bone tissue possesses inherent repairing property. The central portion of the lower jaw bone in many animals consists of fibrous tissue and is called the mandibular symphysis. It persists even in old animals and thus can be interpreted as a physiological bone gap or a non‐healing bone defect. We implanted calcium phosphate porous ceramics alone or composites of the ceramics and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into the bone defect (mandibular symphysis) to examine whether it could be filled with new bone tissue, resulting in bone union. Eight weeks after implantation, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological and biomechanical analyses demonstrated that bone union of the mandibles occurred in all rats with composites but in none of those with ceramics alone. These results showed that the rat mandibular symphysis is a unique bone defect site for the evaluation of bone graft materials. These analyses demonstrated that ceramics alone could not contribute to bone healing in the defect; however, supplementation with BMSCs drastically changed the properties of the ceramics (turning them into osteogenic ceramics), which completely healed the defect. As BMSCs can be culture‐expanded using small amounts of bone marrow, the use of the composites might have clinical significance for the reconstruction of various bone tissues, including facial bone. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluations of guided bone regeneration in canine radius segmental defects using autologous periosteum combined with fascia lata under stable external fixation

BackgroundAlthough bone defect is one of the most common orthopaedic diseases, treatment remains a challenge and an issue of debate. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is primarily accompanied by barrier membranes; however, optional membranes show some inherent flaws in clinical application. The purpose of this study was to observe the healing velocity and quality of repairing canine radius segmental defect using transferred autologous periosteum combined with fascia lata, which can provide better biological safety than other materials.ResultsBone union was seen in most individuals from the autologous periosteum combined with fascia lata group, within an average of 14.2 weeks. Histopathologic and SEM examinations both showed the different osteogenesis state between groups. Necropsy confirmed US findings with regard to distance of bone defects and location.ConclusionThese findings suggest that autologous periosteum combined with fascia lata is as effective as a GBR membrane, even in long tubular bone defects. With reliable biological safety, the autologous periosteum combined with fascia lata is expected to achieve increasing application in orthopaedic trauma patients.

Level of evidence

Not applicable, animal study.     

负压封闭引流联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎

目的：探讨负压封闭引流（VSD）联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎伴有皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年6月24例胫骨创伤性骨髓炎患者的临床资料,其中男16例,女8例,年龄22～61岁,平均41．5岁。术前行创面细菌培养和药敏试验、X线及三维C T重建检查。清创后胫骨缺损长度为2～9 cm ,平均（5．96±2．14）cm ,创伤面积为3 cm ×3 cm～9 cm ×7 cm ,平均（25．63±17．44）cm2。对5例骨缺损≤4 cm的患者进行清创、VSD、开放性植骨术,对19例骨缺损＞4 cm的患者进行清创、VSD、骨搬移术。结果所有患者随访10～18个月,平均13．3个月。抗生素使用5～14 d ,平均7．9 d ,VSD治疗0～10次,平均2．9次。19例患者骨端自然愈合,愈合时间4～15个月,平均6．4个月,5例患者在骨搬移术后出现骨不连,经骨端嵌顿皮肤及软组织清理、骨髓腔打通、自体髂骨植骨及VSD后达到骨端愈合。2例患者治疗期间出现钉道感染,经抗生素治疗后感染控制,其余患者无感染复发。开放性植骨术或骨搬移术后1、2个月随访显示软组织缺损面积均较清创术后显著改善,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;根据 Paley 骨折愈合评分标准优19例,良3例,中2例,差0例,总优良率为91．6％。结论 VSD联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术是治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎伴有皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法。     

逆行小腿筋膜皮瓣修复儿童足跟部软组织缺损

目的 探讨小腿筋膜皮瓣对儿童足跟部软组织缺损的修复方法及疗效.方法 对自2010-2013年收治的12例因轮辐条伤致足跟部软组织缺损的患儿,进行小腿筋膜皮瓣逆行转位修复术.结果 本组共12例患儿,皮瓣全部成活,且外观良好,行走无疼痛感,受区无明显臃肿,足部感觉未受影响.结论 采用小腿筋膜皮瓣修复足跟部软组织缺损,其质地良好,术后恢复快,是修复儿童足跟部较大软组织缺损的理想方法.     

合肥市蜀山区0~12个月婴儿先天性心脏异常筛查分析

目的：分析合肥市蜀山区0~12个月婴儿先天性心脏异常发生状况。方法利用心脏彩色超声心动图对蜀山区4138名0~12个月婴儿进行筛查。结果4138名婴儿中,心脏异常婴儿642名,异常率为15．5%,男、女婴异常率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0．592, P>0．05);0~12个月婴儿心脏异常率随着月龄的增加逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=120．593,P<0．05)。婴儿心脏异常中,卵圆孔未闭最多,构成比为83．3%,其次为房间隔缺损,构成比为5．8%,第三为室间隔缺损,构成比为3．3%。结论防治先天性心脏异常,应从新生儿甚至胎儿抓起,实现早发现、早诊断、早治疗。     

低温冷冻富血小板血浆促进兔颅骨缺损修复效果的观察

目的 观察比较低温冷冻后的富血小板血浆(PRP)在兔颅骨缺损修复中的效果.方法 将15只体质量为2.5kg的健康新西兰雄性大白兔,沿兔颅顶中线制备3个骨缺损孔,分别植入-80℃低温冷冻自体PRP凝胶+羟基磷灰石/磷酸三钙复合体(HAP/TCP),(实验孔)、生理盐水+HAP/TCP(空白孔)、新鲜自体PRP凝胶+HAP/TCP(对照孔),于术后4周、8周和12周时分别处死5只并通过大体观察、X线检查、组织学观察及CT值测量等方法比较低温冷冻PRP对兔颅骨缺损修复的影响.结果 术后4周、8周时,实验孔及对照孔成骨质量明显优于空白孔,两组CT值均较空白孔高[术后4周时实验孔、对照孔、空白孔分别为(376.8±50.41)、(414±71.41)、(94.42±37.02),术后8周时分别为(750.46±91.26)、(682.22±111.53)、(444.04±47.12)],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而术后4周、8周时实验孔CT值与对照孔比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后12周时,实验孔、对照孔和空白孔的成骨质量差异不明显,各孔间CT值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PRP经低温冷冻保存后仍然和新鲜PRP一样,具有早期促进骨缺损修复的效果.     

骨关节炎髌下脂肪垫与软骨缺损的相关性研究

目的 探讨膝骨关节炎( OA )患者髌骨下脂肪垫( IPFP)大小与软骨缺损之间的关系. 方法 收集174例膝OA患者,对患者一般情况行问卷调查,在核磁共振3D脂肪抑制T1加权回波序列上利用Osirix软件测量IPFP容积,在核磁共振T2加权质子密度加权快速自旋回波序列上对软骨缺损进行评级(0~4级),分析IPFP容积与软骨缺损之间的关系. 结果 放射性OA与非放射性OA患者IPFP体积差异无统计学意义;不同严重程度OA患者的IPFP体积差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);OA患者IPFP体积与性别呈负相关性,与身高、体重呈正相关性,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);IPFP体积与膝关节内外侧股骨、外侧胫骨以及髌骨软骨缺损呈负相关性,差异有统计学意义( P<0. 05 ). 结论IPFP体积与软骨缺损及OA的病情严重程度相关, IPFP在OA发生发展中可能起保护作用.