端粒酶转录酶及其调节相关蛋白与增殖细胞核抗原在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨端粒酶转录酶 (hTERT)及端粒酶调节相关蛋白 (TRAP)与增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达和临床意义。方法　收集 10 6例卵巢上皮性肿瘤 (恶性 5 4例 ,交界性 33例 ,良性 19例 )的临床资料 ,行hTERT、TRAP和PCNA 3种抗体的免疫组织化学标记链霉素卵白素生物素 (LSAB)法染色。对 87例恶性和交界性患者进行了随访 ,4 5例获结果 ,随访时间为 2～6 0个月。结果　hTERT蛋白的表达在良性 (4/ 19)和交界性 (90 9% ,30 / 33)以及良性和恶性(94 4 % ,5 1/ 5 4 )间的差异均有显著性 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ,TRAP蛋白的表达在良性 (4/ 15 )和恶性(77 8% ,2 8/ 36 )间的差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 1) ;hTERT和TRAP蛋白的表达在卵巢癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ、Ⅳ期两组病例中的差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ,P >0 3)。PCNA的表达在良性 (6 9± 5 9) %和交界性 (2 6 4± 17 8) %、良性和恶性 (5 1 8± 2 2 1) %以及交界性和恶性间的差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。 33例交界性患者全部存活 ,5 4例恶性患者中 35例 (6 4 8% )有转移 (包括 5例淋巴结转移 ) ,4例 (7 4 % )死亡。结论　hTERT和TRAP蛋白的表达与卵巢上皮性肿瘤的良恶性有关 ,但与其临床分期无关 ;hTERT和TRAP蛋白的表达相似     

Type A behavior and its association with cardiovascular disease prevalence in Blacks and Whites: The Minnesota heart survey

Population-based surveys were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to measure the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) history and risk factors in Black and White adults. Type A behavior was measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). JAS scores were associated with age (negatively), education (positively), and sex (men>women) but were largely unrelated to CHD risk factors. Blacks had significantly lower age- and education-adjusted Type A and component scores than Whites, more so formen than women. Univariate analysis indicated that a history of angina and/or heart attack was positively associated with the Type A score in both Blacks and Whites. Following adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors, Type A score remained positively and significantly associated with CHD prevalence. These findings are consistent with other cross-sectional studies and suggest that Type A behavior, as measured by the JAS, may increase the risk of CHD in both Blacks and Whites. Follow-up of these cohorts may help to clarify the complex relationship of Type A behavior to the risk of CHD.Supported by a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Grant (RO1-23727).     

Using aggregated mobile phone location data to compare the realised foodscapes of different socio-economic groups.

The foodscape (the built food environment) is considered one of the driving factors of the higher burden of obesity and chronic disease observed in low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Traditional data collection methods struggle to accurately capture actual access and exposure to the foodscape (realised foodscape). We assess the use of anonymised mobile phone location data (location data) in foodscape studies by applying them to a case study in Perth, Western Australia to test the hypothesis that lower SES groups have poorer realised foodscapes than high SES groups. Kernel density estimation was used to calculate realised foodscapes of different SES groups and home foodscape typologies, which were compared to home foodscapes of the different groups. The location data enabled us to measure realised foodscapes of multiple groups over an extended period and at the city scale. Low SES groups had poor availability of food outlets, including unhealthy outlets, in their home and realised foodscapes and may be more susceptible to a poor home foodscape because of low mobility.     

Neighborhood social environments,healthy resources,and adult diabetes: Accounting for activity space exposures

This study broadens contextual environments to include adults’ activity spaces—inside and outside the residential neighborhood—to examine how contextual exposures shape type 2 diabetes risk. We use novel longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, construct time-weighted exposure measures of adults’ social-structural and healthy resource environments, and execute random effects logistic models predicting the probability of being diabetic. Results indicate that residential and activity space exposures are independently associated with adult diabetes, and that residential and activity space healthy resources combine to influence diabetes risk in synergistic ways. Living in more socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods reduces diabetes risk, particularly when spending time in activity spaces with greater access to recreational facilities. Moreover, healthier activity space environments may compensate for living in neighborhoods devoid of healthy food options to lessen diabetes risk. Adopting an activity space framework can inform multilevel interventions aimed at alleviating type 2 diabetes and other chronic ailments.     

端粒酶与头颈部肿瘤

端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的一种特殊结构 ,它能够维持染色体的稳定和完整 ,避免其发生融合、降解及重组。端粒酶位于细胞核内 ,是一种能够催化、延长端粒末端的核糖核蛋白 (RNP) ,由RNA和相关蛋白组成 ,它能够以自身RNA为模板 ,逆转录合成端粒DNA ,并添加于染色体末端 ,从而维持端粒长度的稳定使细胞永生化。端粒酶活性与头颈部肿瘤及癌前病变密切相关 ,本文就端粒、端粒酶与头颈部肿瘤的关系阐述如下。     

前列腺癌穿刺活检组织中端粒酶活性检测及意义

目的;探讨前列腺穿刺活检标本中端粒酶（TE）活性检测在前列腺癌（PCA）诊断、鉴别诊断及评估PCA生物学行为中的意义。方法：应用端粒重复片段扩增法（TRAP法）检测疑为前列腺癌患者的前列腺穿刺活检标本的TE活性,并比较TE活性水平与PCA病理分化程度及转移情况的关系。结果：PCA组织中TE活性明显高于前列腺增生（BPH）组织。PCA组织中TE活性水平与其病理分化程度及转移情况相关。结论：PCA患者的前列有朱穿刺活检组织中的TE活性显著高于BPH者,且与其病理分化程度及转移情况相关。提示TE可能成为PCA早期诊断及鉴别诊断的一项新的分子瘤标,并可能与PCA的生物学行为相关。     

先天性心脏病儿童白细胞介素2活性及膜表面白细胞介素2受体的研究

目的 研究先天性心脏病（先心病）患儿的免疫功能状态。方法 采用间接免疫荧光检测膜表面白细胞介素2受体（Tac）、植物血凝素刺激后的膜表面白细胞介素2受体（Tac-a),MTT比色法检测白细胞介素2活性（IL－2）。结果 与健康儿童比较,先心病患儿IL－2活性和Tac-a都显著降低（P＜0．01）;与非紫绀型先心病患儿比较,紫绀型先心病患儿IL－2活性显著降低（P＜0．01）。结论 先心病患儿免疫功能缺陷可能是其易患感染性疾病的原因之一,增强免疫治疗对预防先心病患儿感染十分必要。     

僵蚕抗实验性静脉血栓及作用机理的研究

目的：为研究僵蚕抗实验性血栓的作用。方法：用Beyers制作静脉血栓动物模型进行观察,结果：表明静脉注射僵蚕液后,模型动物的血栓重量明显减轻（P＜0．01）,纤溶酶原含量,纤维蛋白原含量,优球蛋白溶解时间明确减少（P＜0．05）,同时激活部分凝血活酶时间（KPTT）,凝血酶原时间（PT）,凝血酶时间（TT）均有明显延长（P＜0．01）,结论：说明僵蚕具有促纤溶活性,对凝血酶－纤维蛋白原反应的直接抑制作用为防止血栓形成的主要因素。     

氨基巯三唑衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究 I.3-呋喃-4,5-二取代均三唑衍生物的合成与抗菌活性

目的 :合成新型氨基巯三唑衍生物 ,筛选广谱、高效、低毒的临床抗菌药物。方法 :设计合成了 3 (2’ 呋喃 ) 4 氨基 5 巯基 1,2 ,4 三唑 (Ⅵ )及其衍生物 4 (5’ 硝基糠叉替氨基 )均三唑 (Ⅷ )以及 5 取代苄巯基均三唑 (Ⅶ ) ,并采用琼脂扩散法对合成化合物进行了抑菌活性试验。结果 :所合成化合物的化学结构由元素分析、红外光谱 (IR)和核磁共振氢谱 (1HNMR)等所证实。初步抗菌活性试验结果表明 :化合物(Ⅷ )对所有受试菌株均表现出高度敏感性 ,新合成的化合物 (Ⅶa～b)仅对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑制活性。结论 :3 呋喃 4 ,5 二取代氨基巯基均三唑衍生物是一类新型的具有重要研究价值和临床开发前景的抗菌剂。     

胃癌端粒酶活性与肿瘤细胞增殖活性的研究

目的研究胃癌端粒酶活性和肿瘤细胞增殖活性的关系.方法用端粒重复扩增-酶联免疫吸附法(TRAP-ELISA)检测40例胃癌及癌旁组织的端粒酶活性,用流式细胞术(FCM)检测肿瘤细胞的增殖指数(PI)和S期细胞比率(SPF).结果肿瘤端粒酶阳性率为87.5%,癌旁组织阳性率为5.0%.两者有显著性差异.胃癌端粒酶活性与年龄、性别和分化程度无关,而与肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移状况有关.胃癌端粒酶表达阳性者较阴性者PI和SPF明显升高.结论胃癌端粒酶活性是判断肿瘤恶性程度的指标.与肿瘤细胞增殖活性有关.