Measurement of free and total hydroxyproline by automated flow injection of serum or urine samples from maintenance hemodialysis patients with renal osteodystrophy

An automated measurement of total and free hydroxyproline in serum or urine is presented that uses flow injection analysis. After exclusion of nonspecific substances, hydroxyproline was oxidized by chloramine- T and L-cysteine with Ehrlich's reagent. The linearity obtained was from 3.8μmole/ L to 1.22 mmole/L with good precision (CV <3%). Comparison of the proposed method with HPLC yielded r = 0.939 as the correlation coefficient. Reference intervals of free and total hydroxyproline are 1.4–9.7 μmole/L, 3.8–27.2 μmole/L for serum, and 10.0–72.5 μmole/L, 25.2–303.6 μmole/L for urine, respectively. Serum free and total hydroxyproline levels in renal osteodystrophy patients on maintenance hemodialysis (N = 71) were significantly higher than in controls (P<0.0001). This method is superior to the use of HPLC with regard to stability of the color reaction. The measurement of serum free and total hydroxyproline is a useful marker for therapeutic observation of renal osteodystrophy patients. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Antigen-specific cytolysis of infected cells in murine candidiasis

Immune L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ lymphocytes play an important role in the acquired resistance of mice to challenge with virulent Candida albicans, and release macrophage-activating cytokines in response to yeast cells in vitro. To determine whether antigen (Ag)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are generated during fungal infection, purified L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ lymphocytes from immunized mice were cultured in the presence of syngeneic accessory cells, Candida Ag, and IL-2. Yeast-infected bone marrow macrophages and peritoneal exudate neutrophils were used as target cells in a standard ⁵¹Cr release assay. Ag-specific, MHC-unrestricted lysis of infected macrophages was evident with immune Lyt-2+ cells after 5–10 days in culture. Under the same experimental conditions, the cytotoxic activity of L3T4+ cells was negligible, but its expression could be induced by the addition of anti-CD3 antibody.Culturing immune Lyt-2+ cells for shorter periods of time (1–2 days) resulted in preferential lysis of infected neutrophils. In addition, at limiting effector cell numbers, Ag-specific MHC-restricted lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity to infected macrophages could be identified. We suggest that C. albicans infection stimulates multiple cytotoxic T-cell precursors with varying recognition stringency, wich may have an important role in antifungal resistance in vivo.     

加强保健措施 降低孕产妇死亡率的试点研究

经调查河南省七县1988～04～1989～03孕产妇死亡率为136.1/10万,高于全国平均水平(94.7/10万)。从七县中选择了死亡率偏高的三个县(147.9/10万)为样本.进行厂降低农村孕产妇死亡率保健措施的研究。自1990年4月1日～1992年3月31日。在三县采取了以下保健措施:①加强基层妇幼卫生建设,特别是中心乡卫生院的建设,②整顿和完善三级保健网;③建全孕产妇系统管理制度,高危妊娠筛查,转化和转诊制度,④配备必要设备,建立联合小产院,实行定点接生。两年内孕产妇死亡率,由1989年的147.9/10万下降到67.7/10万,下降幅度为54.44%,最高达72.1%。此工作为实现2000年孕产妇死亡率下降一半的规划目标提供了依据。     

介入治疗并发症的发生与防治

介入治疗是融合了内科药物治疗、外科手术治疗及医学影像学的一种特殊的治疗体系 ,其疗效受到世人瞩目并成为目前发展最为迅速的学科之一。但是 ,再好的方法也会存在不足之处 ,介入治疗也不例外。随着介入治疗在各家医院的普遍应用 ,并发症的发生也会越来越多 ,迫使人们关注这个问题。所谓介入治疗并发症 ,是指因血管造影及 (或 )血管内治疗所引起、需要一定治疗、使病人的治疗复杂化或延长病人住院时间的不良反应 ,就其全身多系统而言 ,介入治疗引发并发症的原因大致可归纳为两个主要因素即介入器材操作和引入人体内的物质(包括介入治疗所…     

桡骨头切除对肘关节稳定性影响的生物力学研究

目的：探讨桡骨头粉碎性骨折不同治疗方法对肘关节稳定性的影响。方法：将10个尸体标本，分别测定在其它组织无损伤时，肘内侧副韧带切断时，肘内侧副韧带和前臂骨间膜均切断时的力－位移曲线（纵向位移）及肘外翻角。结果：肘内侧副韧带切断时的纵向位移及肘外翻角均大于其它组织无损伤时；肘内侧副韧带和前臂骨间膜均切断时的纵向位移及肘外翻角均大于其它组织无损伤时和肘内侧副韧带切断时，两两间比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．001）。结论：在其它组织无损伤时，单纯桡骨头切除是安全的；合并肘内侧副韧带损伤时，可在有效修补韧带的同时作单纯头切除，必要时行假体置换；合并肘内侧副韧带和前臂骨间膜均损伤时，最好作假体置换。     

Migration and chemical modification of silicone in women with breast prostheses

Studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human volunteers to evaluate their livers in vivo and to analyze their blood in vitro suggest that there are measurable amounts of silicon compounds in the blood of some women with implants and that there is migration of silicone to other organs such as the liver.     

免疫性血小板减少性紫癜辨证分型与血小板表面相关抗体及T淋巴细胞亚群的关系

为探讨免疫性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）中医辨证分型与免疫机理的关系,将ITP患者中医辨证分型结合血小板相关抗体（PAIg）及T淋巴细胞亚群进行分析。发现作为本病主要抗体的PAIgG脾肾阴亏型明显高于脾虚失统型（P<0.01）;OKT₈⁺值亦显著高于脾虚失统型（P<0.05）,OKT₄⁺/OKT₈⁺比值则明显低于脾虚失统型（P<0.05）。提示脾肾阴亏型的免疫损伤程度较脾虚失统型严重。     

国人新生儿心脏的解剖学研究

本文对已固定的50例(男30.女20)新生儿心脏外径、重量、体积、内部结构等进行了观测,取得了有关心脏的大量数据,为年龄解剖学和临床提供资料。     

Potassium and sodium ions in the nerve tissue of emotionally overstrained rabbits

Measurement of K⁺ and Na⁺ concentrations in samples of individual brain nuclei and in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system from rabbits subjected to severe emotional stress (ES) through aperiodic stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and electrocutaneous stimulation revealed significantly altered levels of these ions in locus ceruleus samples from animals predisposed to ES-induced cardiovascular disorders and in samples of neurons of the caudal part of the brainstem from those resistant to such disorders. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, No 8, pp. 129–131, August, 1994 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

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目的 探讨外伤性十二指肠损伤的处理及影响预后的因素。方法 对1992年1月至2002年月1月收治的32例外伤性十二指肠损伤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 术前确诊19例(59．4％)，漏诊13例(40．6％)；治愈29例(90．6％)，死亡3例(9．4％)；发生并发症9例(28．1％)。十二指肠瘘是主要的并发症。结论 简单而合理的手术方式是治疗十二指肠损伤的重要措施。早期手术，有效的十二指肠减压和术后肠外营养是影响预后的主要因素。