食管癌切除食管胃颈部吻合术后吻合口并发症分析

我院自１９７９～１９９１年共行食管癌切除，食管胃颈部吻合术１０８７例。术后吻合口并发症９２例，发生率８．５％，其中吻合口瘘５．６％、吻合口狭窄２．７％、吻合口颈动脉瘘０．２％。讨论了颈部吻合口并发症的原因和预防措施。     

开颅术后张力性气颅

报告１９８８年１２月～１９９２年１２月开颅术后张力性气颅５例，男４，女１．５例中３例治愈，２例死亡。开颅术后张力性气颅产生的主要原因是颅内占位性病变切除后，脑脊液丢失，使颅内压降低，甚至呈负压状态，外界的气体从切口进入颅内的腔隙，ＣＴ扫描或颅骨Ｘ线平片可以确定诊断，钻孔置管排气是活疗张力性气颅的有效方法，作者探讨了预防此种并发症发生的措施。     

抗心磷脂抗体定性定量方法在抗磷脂综合征疗效评价中的应用

目的探讨抗磷脂综合征(APS)患者治疗前后的抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)的定性定量水平及其对妊娠结局的影响,比较ACA定量与定性的准确性和灵敏度。方法对我院门诊APS孕妇40例,用定性定量方法监测治疗前后ACA的变化及对治疗后妊娠结局的影响。结果(1)定量方法检测治疗前的ACA-IgG和ACA-IgM滴度分别为(67.63±2.53)U和(49.40±3.64)U;治疗后的ACA-IgG和ACA-IgM滴度分别为(23.87±1.54)U和(21.60±2.59)U,两者比较,治疗后的ACA滴度水平显著低于治疗前水平(P<0.01)。定性方法检测APS孕妇,治疗后ACA转阴率为75%。(2)40例孕妇经治疗均娩出正常新生儿,ACA定量转阴组的妊娠并发症发生率(0.6%)较未转阴组(14.3%)显著降低(P<0.01)。ACA定性定量同时阴性组的妊娠并发症发生率(0.9%)较定性阴性而定量阳性组(7.1%)显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)治疗后30例孕妇ACA定性转阴,但其ACA-IgG和ACA-IgM滴度分别为(27.63±6.05)和(20.13±5.60)U/ml。结论ACA定性与定量均能准确有效的监测ACA水平,反映疗效及预测预后;ACA定量是一种较定性更准确灵敏的诊断监测方法。     

胆道穿孔的诊治体会

目的探讨胆道穿孔的病因、诊断及处理措施。方法对1985-2003年收治的41例胆道穿孔病例进行回顾性分析。结果41例均行手术治疗，2例死亡，其余均治愈。结论胆道在感染和梗阻情况下容易发生胆道穿孔，胆囊疾病合并胆管疾病并发感染时易发生胆囊穿孔，治疗胆道穿孔应根据病变和其并发症采用不同的手术治疗措施。     

全髋关节置换术后延迟感染的二期翻修

目的全髋关节置换术(THA)后感染中延迟感染比例较高,治疗困难.该文着重探讨这类感染病例二期翻修的方法. 方法对2000年至2004年20例THA后延迟感染病人进行回顾性分析.其中男8例,女12例,平均年龄57.2岁(48～72岁).细菌培养3例阳性,17例阴性;起病距初始手术平均7.1个月(3～20个月);一期手术前血沉和C 反应蛋白(CRP)均明显增高.所有病例均采用一期彻底清创、假体取出和二期翻修的方法.间隔期内每周监测血沉和CRP,二次翻修术前停用抗生素至少2周. 结果一期术后6周内所有病人血沉和CRP均降至正常.16例病人间隔期为8～9周,4例为15～19周.翻修术后细菌培养均为阴性.平均随访28.6个月,无一例感染复发.Harris评分较术前平均提高52.3分(P<0.01). 结论一期手术彻底清创、血沉和CRP监测及合适的二期翻修时机是成功控制THA后延迟感染的关键,可获得满意的临床疗效.     

Could bipolar vessel sealers prevent bile leaks after hepatectomy?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of using a bipolar low thermal acting system inducing collagenic sealing but not protein coagulation to secure hepatic parenchyma cutting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive hepatectomies were carried out using kellyclasy plus ligatures and clips (controls), while the following 50 hepatectomies used kellyclasy plus bipolar vessels sealer (BVS). Blood loss, duration of hepatic pedicle clamping, length of hospital stay, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in blood loss and duration of clamping between controls and BVS. Specific complications (9/21 in the control group vs 1/49 for the BVS group, p<0.00045) and length of hospital stay (14 days in the control group vs 11 days in the BVS group, p<0.014) were statistically lower in BVS group than in the controls, mainly due to prevention of bile duct leakages. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that BVS may be particularly efficient to achieve bilistasis leading to the highest level of safety in performing hepatectomies. Further studies are now needed to confirm its superiority on the classical biliary ducts occlusion techniques.     

Fast Track—Different Implications in Pancreatic Surgery

Concepts in “fast-track” surgery, which provide optimal perioperative care, have been proven to significantly reduce complication rates and decrease hospital stay. This study explores whether fast-track concepts can also be safely applied and improve the outcomes of major pancreatic resections. Perioperative data from 255 consecutive patients, who underwent pancreatic resection by means of fast-track surgery in a high-volume medical center, were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. Of the 255 patients, 180 received a pancreatic head resection and 51 received distal, 15 received total, and 9 received segmental pancreatectomies. The patients were discharged on median day 10 with a 30-day readmission rate of 3.5%. The in-hospital mortality was 2%, whereas medical and surgical morbidities were 17 and 25%, respectively. Fast-track parameters, such as first stools, normal food, complete mobilization, and return to normal ward, correlated significantly with early discharge (p < 0.05). Patients’ age, operation time, and early extubation proved to be independent factors of early discharge, shown through multivariate analysis (odds ratio: 4.0, 2.0, and 2.8, respectively; p < 0.05). Low readmission, mortality, and morbidity rates demonstrate that fast-track surgery is in fact feasible and safe and promotes earlier discharge without compromising patient outcomes.     

甲状腺手术显露喉返神经的临床研究

目的探讨甲状腺手术时显露喉返神经(RLN)对预防RLN损伤的作用。方法分析810例甲状腺手术中252例甲状腺手术中显露RLN(甲组)和558例术中未显露RLN(乙组)患者的临床资料。结果虽然甲组甲状腺手术切除范围大于乙组;但甲组RLN损伤发生率(1.19%)明显低于乙组(3.05%)(P<0.01)。结论甲状腺手术时有选择地显露喉返神经,可明显降低喉返神经损伤发生率。     

Gadolinium-based balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis in an infant with a right isomerism.

We report here the first described case of utilizing gadolinium-based contrast material as the contrast agent during a catheter intervention treatment for pulmonary artery stenosis. The patient, a male infant with complex heart disease associated with a right isomerism, had a history of severe allergic reaction to iodine-containing contrast agents. A combination of digital subtraction angiography and a gadolinium contrast agent, however, provided us with good-quality images both before and after balloon angioplasty without any associated complications. This method should therefore be considered as an alternative angiographic procedure in children with a high risk of iodine-related allergic complications.