当归通痹汤联合中药热敷治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及对IL-1β、MMP-3和TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨当归通痹汤联合中药热敷治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及对白细胞介素(IL)-1β、基质金属酶(MMP)-3和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者140例,随机分为两组各70例。对照组给予中药热敷治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予当归通痹汤,对比两组治疗后的临床疗效、VAS评分、WOMAC指数和ADL评分,以及IL-1β、MMP-3和TNF-α水平。结果:治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组的81.43%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组ADL评分明显升高,WOMAC指数、VAS评分明显降低(P<0.05);且治疗组比对照组明显改善(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后的IL-1β、MMP-3和TNF-α水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用当归通痹汤联合中药热敷治疗,具有较好的临床疗效,能够改善患者膝关节功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Kidney Function after Treatment for Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

BackgroundSurvivors of childhood cancer may be at increased risk for treatment-related kidney dysfunction. Although associations with acute kidney toxicity are well described, evidence informing late kidney sequelae is less robust.MethodsTo define the prevalence of and risk factors for impaired kidney function among adult survivors of childhood cancer who had been diagnosed ≥10 years earlier, we evaluated kidney function (eGFR and proteinuria). We abstracted information from medical records about exposure to chemotherapeutic agents, surgery, and radiation treatment and evaluated the latter as the percentage of the total kidney volume treated with ≥5 Gy (V5), ≥10 Gy (V10), ≥15 Gy (V15), and ≥20 Gy (V20). We also used multivariable logistic regression models to assess demographic and clinical factors associated with impaired kidney function and Elastic Net to perform model selection for outcomes of kidney function.ResultsOf the 2753 survivors, 51.3% were men, and 82.5% were non-Hispanic White. Median age at diagnosis was 7.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.3–13.2), and mean age was 31.4 years (IQR, 25.8–37.8) at evaluation. Time from diagnosis was 23.2 years (IQR, 17.6–29.7). Approximately 2.1% had stages 3–5 CKD. Older age at evaluation; grade ≥2 hypertension; increasing cumulative dose of ifosfamide, cisplatin, or carboplatin; treatment ever with a calcineurin inhibitor; and volume of kidney irradiated to ≥5 or ≥10 Gy increased the odds for stages 3–5 CKD. Nephrectomy was significantly associated with stages 3–5 CKD in models for V15 or V20.ConclusionsWe found that 2.1% of our cohort of childhood cancer survivors had stages 3–5 CKD. These data may inform screening guidelines and new protocol development.     

Association of antiviral prophylaxis and rituximab use with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs): A nationwide cohort study

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT). Most PTLD cases are associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. The role of antiviral prophylaxis or rituximab therapy for prevention of PTLD in SOT recipients is controversial. In a nationwide cohort, we assessed the incidence, presentation, and outcome of histologically proven PTLD. We included 4765 patients with a follow-up duration of 23 807 person-years (py). Fifty-seven PTLD cases were identified; 39 (68%) were EBV positive (EBV+ PTLD). Incidence rates for EBV+ PTLD at 1, 2, and 3 years posttransplant were 3.51, 2.24, and 1.75/1000 py and 0.44, 0.25, and 0.29/1000 py for EBV− PTLD. We did not find an effect of antiviral prophylaxis on early and late EBV+ PTLD occurrence (early EBV+ PTLD: SHR 0.535 [95% CI 0.199–1.436], p = .264; late EBV+ PTLD: SHR 2.213, [95% CI 0.751–6.521], p = .150). However, none of the patients (0/191) who received a rituximab-containing induction treatment experienced PTLD, but 57 of 4574 patients without rituximab induction developed PTLD. In an adjusted restricted mean survival time model, PTLD-free survival was significantly longer (0.104 years [95% CI 0.077–0.131]) in patients receiving rituximab as induction treatment. This study provides novel data on the association of rituximab induction and reduced risk for PTLD.     

基于慢性乙型病毒性肝炎诊断路径的实验诊断学教学模式初探

探讨建立涵盖慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(CHB)诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗、药物选择及毒副作用预测、疗效监测、预后评估等全过程的疾病临床检验诊断路径的教学模式。根据CHB临床诊疗指南, 制订与疾病不同阶段相关的实验室检查检测策略, 建立CHB临床检验诊断路径, 以武汉大学第一临床学院2016级和2017级八年制本科生为研究对象, 通过随堂问卷比较其课堂教学效果。本研究首先建立了获得临床医生认可的CHB临床检验诊断路径, 其涵盖CHB疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗、药物选择及毒副作用预测、疗效监测、预后评估等全过程。该路径应用于2017级临床医学本科生课堂教学后, 教学质量评估指标均有较大程度的提升。此外, 随堂测验得分也有显著提高。综上, 基于CHB临床检验诊断路径的实验诊断学教学模式, 实现了实验诊断学与临床医学的融合, 提升了学生对CHB诊疗中各种实验室检查检测的整体认识, 教学质量得到了提高。     

Subtype‐specific differences in transmission cluster dynamics of HIV‐1 B and CRF01_AE in New South Wales,Australia

IntroductionThe human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) pandemic is characterized by numerous distinct sub‐epidemics (clusters) that continually fuel local transmission. The aims of this study were to identify active growing clusters, to understand which factors most influence the transmission dynamics, how these vary between different subtypes and how this information might contribute to effective public health responses.MethodsWe used HIV‐1 genomic sequence data linked to demographic factors that accounted for approximately 70% of all new HIV‐1 notifications in New South Wales (NSW). We assessed differences in transmission cluster dynamics between subtype B and circulating recombinant form 01_AE (CRF01_AE). Separate phylogenetic trees were estimated using 2919 subtype B and 473 CRF01_AE sequences sampled between 2004 and 2018 in combination with global sequence data and NSW‐specific clades were classified as clusters, pairs or singletons. Significant differences in demographics between subtypes were assessed with Chi‐Square statistics.ResultsWe identified 104 subtype B and 11 CRF01_AE growing clusters containing a maximum of 29 and 11 sequences for subtype B and CRF01_AE respectively. We observed a > 2‐fold increase in the number of NSW‐specific CRF01_AE clades over time. Subtype B clusters were associated with individuals reporting men who have sex with men (MSM) as their transmission risk factor, being born in Australia, and being diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.01). CRF01_AE infections clusters were associated with infections among individuals diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.05) and CRF01_AE singletons were more likely to be from infections among individuals reporting heterosexual transmission (p < 0.05). We found six subtype B clusters with an above‐average growth rate (>1.5 sequences / 6‐months) and which consisted of a majority of infections among MSM. We also found four active growing CRF01_AE clusters containing only infections among MSM. Finally, we found 47 subtype B and seven CRF01_AE clusters that contained a large gap in time (>1 year) between infections and may be indicative of intermediate transmissions via undiagnosed individuals.ConclusionsThe large number of active and growing clusters among MSM are the driving force of the ongoing epidemic in NSW for subtype B and CRF01_AE.     

新型冠状病毒Delta变异株引起的广州市荔湾区本土疫情流行特征分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）B.1.617.2（Delta）变异株引起的广州市荔湾区本土疫情流行特征,为Delta变异株疫情防控工作提供参考依据。方法 资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统和广州市荔湾区CDC,收集2021年5月21日至6月18日广州市荔湾区新冠病毒感染者（确诊病例和无症状感染者）相关信息。采用频数（构成比）、直方图、百分比堆积面积图等对本次Delta变异株疫情的流行病学特征进行描述,并应用潜伏期、动态再生系数（R_t）估计进行分析。结果 截至6月18日广州市荔湾区累计报告新冠病毒感染者127例,年龄范围2~85岁,<18、18~59和≥60岁年龄组分别占18.9%（24/127）、43.3%（55/127）和37.8%（48/127）。男女性别比为1：1.35（54：73）;职业以离退休人员32.3%（41/127）、家务及待业18.1%（23/127）和学生16.5%（21/127）为主;主要集中在荔湾区的白鹤洞街道（70.1%,89/127）与中南街道（23.6%,30/127）;Delta变异株的中位潜伏期6（范围：1~15）d;临床分型以普通型（64.6%,82/127）为主;基本再生系数（R₀）=5.1,R_t先上升后下降,最高达7.3;传播方式以密闭空间为主,具有明显的家庭聚集性,主要传播场所为家庭（26.8%,34/127）、餐馆（29.1%,37/127）、小区（3.9%,5/127）和市场（3.1%,4/127）。密切接触者筛查（66.1%）和社区排查（33.1%）是发现感染者的主要途径。结论 本次疫情新冠病毒Delta变异株的传染性较强,广州市荔湾区本土疫情具有明显的家庭聚集性,新冠病毒感染者以18~59和≥60岁年龄组为主。     

中国2019年乙型肝炎监测试点报告病例分析

目的 分析2019年全国法定传染病报告系统（NNDRS）乙型肝炎（乙肝）报告情况和质量。方法 下载2019年全国200个乙肝监测试点NNDRS报告的乙肝个案调查表和附卡,计算附卡有效填写率;根据附卡信息,按照乙肝诊断标准（WS 299-2008）对报告乙肝进行复核,用Kappa检验评价报告与复核分类的一致性;分析导致分类不一致的原因。结果 2019年NNDRS中200个乙肝监测点共报告乙肝64 686例,急性、慢性和未分类乙肝分别为5.8%、92.4%和1.8%。报告乙肝总发病率为56.7/10万,其中急性乙肝报告发病率为3.3/10万,慢性乙肝报告发病率为52.4/10万。报告病例平均年龄为47（47±15）岁,64.4%为男性。ALT平均水平为214.2（214.2±1 253.4）U/L。报告病例中50.6%（32 722）为农、林、牧、渔和水利业生产人员。东、中、西部地区报告乙肝发病人数的比例分别为42.5%（27 501）、22.1%（14 315）和35.4%（22 870）。报告乙肝复核分类总一致率为58.8%,Kappa=0.15;对于能够明确乙肝分类的39 271例急性和慢性乙肝,复核分类总一致率为96.9%,Kappa=0.73。病例分类不一致的原因中附卡信息缺失占94.5%（24 267/25 681）。结论 监测地区乙肝分类诊断能力提高,但NNDRS中乙肝病例报告卡附卡有效填写率有待提高。     

Vaccination with chimeric protein induces protection in murine model against ascariasis

An estimated 400 million people are infected by parasites of the genus Ascaris and the existing control measures are inefficient. Vaccine development using B cell antigens is a promising strategy for increased protection against this parasite. The present study aimed at developing a chimeric protein capable of conferring protection against infection by Ascaris sp. For this purpose, we performed B-cell epitope predictions on previously described vaccine candidate proteins from Ascaris suum and the corresponding peptides were used to construct a chimeric protein. Female BALB / c mice were immunized subcutaneously in three doses at 10 day intervals with a vaccine formulation comprised of the chimeric protein together with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Control groups included protein alone, MPLA, or PBS. After challenge infection, animals vaccinated with chimeric protein plus MPLA showed a reduction of 73.54% of larval load in the lung compared to control group animals. Animals immunized with chimeric protein plus MPLA also display higher IgG response and a reduction in lung inflammation. Our study highlights how chimeric proteins containing more than one B cell epitope can enhance immune protection against helminthic infection and offer new approaches to the development of Ascaris vaccines.