信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪及心理健康

目的探讨信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪、心理健康的现状及其之间关系。方法方便选取陕西省部分城市信访干部191名,对其施测工作满意度、总体幸福感、情绪量表与SCL-90量表。结果①信访干部的工作满意度较高,幸福感较低,积极情绪和消极情绪体验较少,心理健康状况较好;②信访干部的心理健康与工作满意度(r=-0.668,P>0.01)、幸福感(r=-0.298,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,与消极情绪呈显著正相关(r=0.769,P<0.01);工作满意度、消极情绪对心理健康的回归效应显著(t=-5.309,10.175,P=0.000);③工作满意度是幸福感的主要影响变量(β=0.50,P=0.000)。结论消极情绪和工作满意度是影响信访干部心理健康与幸福感的重要因素。     

精神科护士心理资本对工作倦怠的影响

目的探讨精神科护士心理资本与工作倦怠的关系,改善护士身心健康,降低其工作倦怠,提高精神科护士工作效率和改进招聘选拔标准。方法通过随机取样,采用一般情况调查表,Luthans心理资本问卷（PCQ-24）及工作倦怠量表（MBI—Gs）,对某地区精神卫生中心的103名护士进行问卷调查。结果不同学历,职称和工作年限的精神科护士自我价值维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=3．95,P〈0．05;F=4．47,5．37;P〈0．01）,月收入不同的护士之间的希望维度组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=5．74,P〈0．01）,职称不同护士的韧性维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=4．96,P〈0．01）。工作年限不同的精神科护士心理资本中疲劳感维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．36,P〈0．01）,职称和月收入不同的精神科护士的成就感降低维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．84,6．83,P〈0．01）。除了心理资本的希望维度与工作倦怠的人际关系敏感维度之间相关不显著外,精神科护士心理资本的其他维度与工作倦怠的其他维度都呈负性相关（P〈0．01）。结论精神科护士的心理资本与工作倦怠程度密切相关,心理资本可以显著改善工作倦怠的负面影响作用。     

Watson人性照顾理论在手术室护士职业防护中的应用效果

目的探讨Watson人性照顾理论在手术室护士职业防护中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选择2018年1月—2019年12月在树兰(杭州)医院手术室工作的24名护士为研究对象。本研究为前后对照研究,于2019年1月开始在常规管理的基础上实施基于Watson人性照顾理论的职业防护管理干预。采用自制的护士职业危险风险评估表、护士职业认同量表和护士工作满意度量表比较干预前后护士的职业风险认知能力、职业认同感和工作满意度。结果干预后护士的环境风险、事故风险、生物风险、化学风险、物理风险维度得分高于干预前[(21.7±2.8)vs(.17.5±3.0)、(21.8±3.2)vs.(16.0±2.7)、(16.7±2.6)vs(.14.4±2.5)、(22.0±2.3)vs(.17.8±2.8)、(16.1±2.2)vs(.13.8±2.7)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后护士的一致感、把握感、患者影响感、自我决定感、自我效力感、有意义感及组织影响感维度得分均高于干预前[(81.5±5.6)vs(.77.8±6.4)、(77.9±4.8)vs(.74.4±5.2)、(81.2±5.0)vs.(76.7±5.5)、(82.2±6.1)vs(.77.2±5.7)、(83.5±5.1)vs(.79.3±4.7)、(84.7±4.5)vs(.80.2±4.9)、(80.1±5.6)vs.(75.7±6.2)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后护士的工作满意度量表得分为(126.7±12.5)分,高于干预前的(113.2±11.3)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论将Watson人性照顾理论应用于手术室护士职业防护中,可提高手术室护士的职业风险认知能力、职业认同感和工作满意度,值得临床推广。     

医院药师工作压力及其测量方法研究现状

目的:分析医院药师工作压力及其测量方法现状,为提高医院药师工作压力相关研究质量提供参考。方法:以"医院""药师""压力""量表""Hospital""Pharmacist""Stress""Pressure""Scale"等为中、英文关键词检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据、Web of Science、SciFinder、Springer Link等数据库自建库起至2019年8月发表的医院药师工作压力相关文献,探索其研究现状,并总结医院药师工作压力的测量方法。结果:国外医院药师工作压力的相关研究较多,包括压力状况、原因、压力产生的结果、作用机制模型等方面,但存在年代久远、数据陈旧等问题,而国内相关研究较为少见,尚缺乏对医院药师工作压力全面、系统的研究。大部分国内外研究使用量表测量医院药师的工作压力,包括医院药师专用量表(如医院药师压力源量表、药师压力清单)与一般职工通用量表(如健康职业压力调查、工作压力项目和知觉心理压力量表),其中医院药师压力源量表比较符合我国医院药师工作特征,其余量表存在覆盖领域少、条目数过多、不符合我国医院药师工作特征等问题。结论:为提高医院药师工作压力相关研究质量,需要对已有量表进行调整或者开发新的测量量表,以期测量我国医院药师真实工作压力状况,为改善医院药师工作质量、提高临床药学服务水平提供参考。     

What effect does increasing inpatient time have on outpatient-oriented internist satisfaction?

OBJECTIVE: Because career satisfaction among general internists is relatively low, we sought to understand the impact on satisfaction of general internists managing patients both in and outside of the hospital. Using data from a national survey, we asked, “Among outpatient-oriented general internists (i.e., internists who spend less than 50% of their clinical time caring for inpatients), what effect does time spent in the hospital have on physician satisfaction, stress, and burnout?” DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS: The Physician Worklife Study, in which 5,704 physicians in primary and specialty nonsurgical care selected from the American Medical Association’s Masterfile were surveyed (adjusted response rate=52%), was used. Our analyses focused on clinically active outpatient-oriented general internists (N=339). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We constructed multivariate linear models to test for statistically significant associations between the amount of time spent seeing inpatients and physician satisfaction as measured by several satisfaction scales. Even after controlling for total hours worked and other possible confounding variables, we found that increased time working in the hospital was significantly associated with decreases in satisfaction with administration, specialty, autonomy, and personal time, and significantly associated with an increase in life stress. There was also a significant association between increased time spent in the hospital and burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply that there may be a tension between the practice of inpatient and outpatient medicine by general internists, and suggest that fewer hospital duties may increase career satisfaction for outpatient-oriented internists. Although additional studies are warranted in order to better understand why these relationships exist, our data suggest that the hospitalist model of inpatient care might be one approach to alleviate stress and improve satisfaction for many general internists.     

The Reciprocal Relationship Between Work Characteristics and Employee Burnout and Engagement: A Longitudinal Study of Firefighters

The paradigm of this study is positive occupational psychology, with the job demands‐resources model as the research model and the Conservation of Resources theory as the general stress theory. The research design analyses the job demands‐resources model's dynamic nature with normal and reversed causation effects between work characteristics and psychological well‐being among Portuguese firefighters. In addition, we analyse a positive (engagement) dimension and a negative (burnout) dimension in the firefighters' well‐being, because previously, studies have merely focused on the strain or stress of these professionals. The research questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 651 firefighters, and a two‐wave full panel design was used. Cross‐lagged panel analyses indicated that the causal direction of the relationship between organizational demands and burnout is reciprocal. Also, we found that the reciprocal model, including cross‐lagged reciprocal relationships between organizational demands/supervisory support and burnout/engagement, respectively, is what fits the data best. Practical implications to develop organizational change programmes and suggestions for future research regarding the promotion of occupational health are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢铁企业工人心理资本在付出回报失衡、超负荷与工作倦怠关系中的调节与中介作用

目的：探讨钢铁企业工人心理资本在付出回报失衡、超负荷与工作倦怠关系中的调节与中介作用。方法随机选取某钢铁集团公司生产主线男性工人1700人,进行自填式问卷调查。调查内容包括一般情况、工作倦怠、付出回报失衡、超负荷、心理资本和感知的工作环境等。有效回收问卷1254份（73.76%）。采用分层回归分析检验调节作用,渐近—再抽样策略检验中介作用。结果心理资本对付出回报失衡与工作倦怠各维度之间的关系不存在调节作用,而对超负荷与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭之间关系有显著的正向调节作用;心理资本在付出回报失衡与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭之间关系中具有显著的中介作用,其中介效应量分别为5.84%和18.75%。结论心理资本水平高的工人,情绪衰竭和玩世不恭程度会随着超负荷的增加而明显上升;但心理资本水平低的工人,情绪衰竭和玩世不恭程度随着超负荷的增加而上升的趋势较弱。付出回报失衡降低钢铁工人心理资本存量进而导致情绪衰竭和玩世不恭。     

Stress in the Courtroom: Call for research

Recent acts of violence against judges highlight the growing number of occupational stressors that judges encounter. In addition to threats of violence, judges often deal with substantial workloads, traumatic cases, and the pressure of making significant decisions. It is important to understand these stressors, because they could negatively affect judges' abilities to handle evidence, protect jurors, and make decisions. Approaches (work-related burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization) to assessing work-related stress, and their corresponding scales (Maslach Burnout Inventory, Compassion Fatigue Self-Test, Traumatic Stress Institute Belief Scale), are presented, as a first step in developing a scale to assess the extent and prevalence of judge stress. Following assessment research, researchers should develop intervention strategies to alleviate problematic sources of stress for judges.