医院药师工作压力及其测量方法研究现状

目的:分析医院药师工作压力及其测量方法现状,为提高医院药师工作压力相关研究质量提供参考。方法:以"医院""药师""压力""量表""Hospital""Pharmacist""Stress""Pressure""Scale"等为中、英文关键词检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据、Web of Science、SciFinder、Springer Link等数据库自建库起至2019年8月发表的医院药师工作压力相关文献,探索其研究现状,并总结医院药师工作压力的测量方法。结果:国外医院药师工作压力的相关研究较多,包括压力状况、原因、压力产生的结果、作用机制模型等方面,但存在年代久远、数据陈旧等问题,而国内相关研究较为少见,尚缺乏对医院药师工作压力全面、系统的研究。大部分国内外研究使用量表测量医院药师的工作压力,包括医院药师专用量表(如医院药师压力源量表、药师压力清单)与一般职工通用量表(如健康职业压力调查、工作压力项目和知觉心理压力量表),其中医院药师压力源量表比较符合我国医院药师工作特征,其余量表存在覆盖领域少、条目数过多、不符合我国医院药师工作特征等问题。结论:为提高医院药师工作压力相关研究质量,需要对已有量表进行调整或者开发新的测量量表,以期测量我国医院药师真实工作压力状况,为改善医院药师工作质量、提高临床药学服务水平提供参考。

Research Status of Job Stress of Hospital Pharmacists and Its Measurement Methods

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the job stress of hospital pharmacists and its measurement methods,and to provide reference for improving the quality of related researches about the work stress of hospital pharmacists. METHODS:Related literatures about the job stress of hospital pharmacists were retrieved from CJFD,VIP,Wanfang database,Web of Science,Sci Finder,Springer Link and other databases during database establishment to Aug. 2019,using"Hospital""Pharmacist""Stress""Scale"as Chinese keywords,"Hospital""Pharmacist""Stress""Pressure""Scale"as English keywords. The research status was explored,and the measurement methods for work stress of hospital pharmacists were summarized. RESULTS:There were many researches on the job stress of pharmacists at abroad,including the stress status,causes,the results of stress,the model of action mechanism,etc.,but there were some problems such as long time ago and outdated data;while the related researches in China were relatively rare,and there was still a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on the job stress of hospital pharmacists.Most researches at home and abroad used the scale to measure job stress of hospital pharmacists,including the special scale for hospital pharmacists(such as the pressure source scale and the pressure list of hospital pharmacists) and the general scale for general employees(such as health occupational stress survey,work stress items and perceived psychological stress scale). Among them,pressure source scale of hospital pharmacists was relatively consistent with the job characteristics of hospital pharmacists in China,while the other scales had problems of less coverage,too many items,and not conforming to job characteristics of hospital pharmacists in China. CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve the research quality related to job stress of hospital pharmacists,it is necessary to adjust the existing scale or develop a new measurement scale in order to measure the real work pressure of Chinese hospital pharmacists and provide reference for improving the quality of work of hospital pharmacists and improving the level of clinical pharmaceutical care.