基于特征图谱对葛根配方颗粒过程控制的质量分析

[目的] 通过特征图谱分析葛根饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒之间的相关性,以实现葛根配方颗粒过程控制的质量分析。[方法] 采用UPLC建立特征图谱,测定葛根饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒中葛根素含量,同时以UPLC特征图谱为对照,建立三者特征峰共有模式,进行相关性评价。[结果] 24批葛根饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒中葛根素平均含量分别为5.8%、10.3%、7.8%,其特征图谱中均呈现8个共有特征峰,特征图谱相似度均大于0.90,表明这三者之间的物质成分一致。[结论] 经方法学考察,建立的特征图谱方法稳定、含量测定准确度高,既可用于对葛根配方颗粒和葛根临床汤剂一致性评价,又可对葛根配方颗粒过程控制质量分析提供依据。     

Light bodies in human pituitary adenomas

Summary Light bodies are large cytoplasmic granules originally described in the gonadotrophic cells of the rat pituitary gland. In order to determine whether similar bodies occur in the human anterior pituitary gland, 89 pituitary adenomas and periadenomatous tissue from 20 cases were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Double membrane bound bodies with filamentous internal structure identical to rodent light bodies were identified in 10 hormone-producing adenomas: 5 PRL, 1 PRL-GH, 2 GH, and 2 ACTH-producing tumours. No light bodies were found in the remaining 79 tumours nor in the pituitary cells in periadenomatous tissue from 20 cases. These results show that some human pituitary adenomas may contain light bodies identical to those seen in gonadotrophs of rat pituitary.Abbreviations PRL prolactin - GH growth hormone - ACTH adenocorticotropic hormone - FSH follicle-stimulating hormone - LH luteinizing hormone     

Control of fluid shear response in circulating leukocytes by integrins

Recent evidence shows that circulating leukocytes respond not only to humoral inflammatory mediators but also to fluid stresses. Application of fluid shear stress (of the order of 1–10 cm² to fresh migrating leukocytes leads to initial retraction of pseudopods, an important step to facilitate normal passage of leukocytes through the microcirculation and to prevent spreading on the endothelium. The ability to respond to fluid shear stress, however, may be regulated under different physiological conditions. In the current study, we examine the role of integrins in the fluid shear response as measured by pseudopod retraction with the use of antibodies against human neutrophil ₁ and ₂ integrins. Neutrophils adhering via ₂ integrins exhibit normal ability to project pseudopods and to migrate. Such cells show normal response to fluid shear with rapid pseudopod retraction. In contrast, attachment via ₁ integrins leads to firmly adhesive leukocytes, spreading and almost no cell migration. Such leukocytes exhibit a significantly attenuated ability for pseudopod retraction under fluid shear. These results suggest that integrins may serve as a regulating mechanism for fluid shear response in human leukocytes. Attachment via ₁ integrins may lead to an abolishment of the fluid shear response. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2002: 8716-b, 8719Tt     

稳心颗粒治疗慢性心力衰竭合并室性心律失常的Meta分析

目的：系统评价稳心颗粒联合常规西药治疗慢性心力衰竭合并室性心律失常的有效性和安全性。方法：计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）、中国学术期刊数据库（CSPD）、中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）、SinoMed数据库,搜集稳心颗粒治疗慢性心力衰竭合并室性心律失常的相关随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限均从建库至2021年4月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入19个RCT,包括1 605例患者。Meta分析结果显示：在常规西药治疗基础上联用稳心颗粒,可显著提升临床疗效（RR=1.25,95%CI为1.19～1.32,P<0.000 01）、提高左室射血分数（WMD=7.46,95%CI为6.91～8.00,P<0.000 1）、减少24 h室性早搏总数（SMD=-2.05,95%CI为-3.73～-0.37,P＝0.02）、降低静息心率（WMD=-7.97,95%CI为-10.51～-5.42,P<0.000 1）、降低N端脑利尿钠肽前体水平（SMD=-1.29,95%CI为-1.66～-0.93,P<0.000 1）、减小左室舒张末期内径（WMD=-3.31,95%CI为-5.15～-1.47,P＝0.000 4）。2组患者不良反应发生率比较,观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（RR=0.49,95%CI为0.34～0.71,P＝0.000 2）。结论：稳心颗粒联合常规西药治疗慢性心力衰竭合并室性心律失常可提高临床疗效,且安全性较高。受纳入研究的数量和质量的限制,本研究结论尚需开展更多高质量研究予以证实。     

基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱技术的清利湿热颗粒入血成分分析

目的：阐明灌胃给予清利湿热颗粒后大鼠体内吸收入血的化学成分。方法：借助超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）技术,采用Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm）,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相体系,梯度洗脱,进样量为2 μL,在正、负离子模式下对处理后的空白血清和给药后0.5、1、2、4 h不同时间点的血清进行质谱检测。结果：通过与Natural Products HR-MS/MS Spectral Library 1.0数据库对比、文献分析以及质谱裂解规律从血清样品中鉴定出15个原型成分。结论：本研究为清利湿热颗粒标志性成分的选择提供了依据,初步确定了该产品发挥药效的物质基础,也为进一步揭示清利湿热颗粒的作用机制奠定基础。     

葛根汤颗粒治疗上呼吸道感染所致小鼠病毒性肺炎及死亡保护作用

目的：研究葛根汤颗粒对甲型H1N1流感病毒PR8株感染致小鼠病毒性肺炎模型的治疗及死亡保护作用。方法：采用甲型H1N1流感病毒（PR8株）滴鼻感染小鼠造成病毒性肺炎模型,观察小鼠的肺指数和肺指数抑制率,肺内细支气管及肺组织苏木精-伊红（HE）染色病理切片镜下病变观察及等级评分;同时采用流感病毒PR8毒株滴鼻感染小鼠造成死亡保护模型,观察小鼠感染后2周内的死亡情况,计算小鼠的死亡率、死亡保护率、平均存活天数和生命延长率。结果：葛根汤颗粒高、中剂量组可显著降低模型组小鼠肺指数（P<0.01）;葛根汤颗粒高、中剂量组与模型组比较可显著减轻支气管炎症反应渗出状况,红肿相对消退,并且缓解病毒感染所致肺泡、肺间质渗出炎症反应及红细胞渗出情况（P<0.01,P<0.05）;模型组小鼠死亡率90%,平均存活天数9.95 d,葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组与模型组比较可显著降低小鼠死亡率,延长小鼠平均存活天数,提高生命延长率（P<0.01,P<0.05）。结论：本研究发现葛根汤颗粒可显著降低病毒性肺炎模型小鼠的肺指数,并显著减轻病毒感染所致的小鼠肺内细支气管及肺局部炎症反应损伤,对模型小鼠的肺部炎症反应有明显的治疗作用;同时可显著降低模型小鼠死亡率,延长平均存活天数,提高生命延长率,对感染小鼠有死亡保护作用。     

清咳平喘颗粒治疗痰热郁肺型咳嗽的临床疗效观察

目的 观察清咳平喘颗粒治疗痰热郁肺型咳嗽的临床有效性。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年6月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院呼吸科门诊就诊的痰热郁肺型咳嗽患者100例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各50例,对照组为西医常规治疗,治疗组在西医常规治疗基础上联合清咳平喘颗粒治疗。两组均连续治疗2周。观察两组患者治疗前后的中医证候、咳嗽症状、气道反应（血清免疫球蛋白E、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞）、肺功能［最大呼气流量、第1秒用力呼气容积（forced expiratory volume for 1 second,FEV1）与用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）的比值］、生活质量及不良反应情况。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是90%、94%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,两组患者中医证候评分、日间及夜间咳嗽积分较治疗前降低,且治疗组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清免疫球蛋白E、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞较治疗前明显下降,且治疗组气道反应指标改善好于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组最大呼气流量、FEV1/FVC较治疗前明显上升（P<0.05）,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随访时两组患者的生活质量评分较治疗前均显著升高,治疗组评分改善优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗期间两组均未发生不良反应。结论 清咳平喘颗粒在治疗痰热郁肺型咳嗽安全性良好,有助于改善咳嗽症状,改善肺通气,提高患者生活质量。     

杏贝止咳颗粒对豚鼠感染后咳嗽的治疗作用

目的 探讨杏贝止咳颗粒对豚鼠感染后咳嗽（post-infectious cough,PIC）的治疗作用。方法 除对照组外,将3～4周龄SPF级雄性Hartley豚鼠采用鼻滴脂多糖、烟熏、辣椒素雾化激发来构建PIC豚鼠模型。造模成功后分为模型组及杏贝止咳颗粒低、中、高剂量（0.93、1.86、3.72 g/kg）组、阿斯美（21.62 mg/kg）组和苏黄止咳胶囊（313.88 mg/kg）组,末次给药后24 h,通过辣椒素雾化诱咳测定咳嗽次数及潜伏期,采用ELISA法检测血清、肺泡灌洗液和肺组织中P物质（substance P,SP）、降钙素相关基因肽（calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP）、神经肽A(neurokinin A,NKA)、神经肽B(neurokinin B,NKB)、神经生长因子（nerve growth factor,NGF）、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)和缓激肽（bradykinin,BK）含量,血液分析仪测定肺泡灌洗液中白细胞分类,并用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察肺组织病理变化。结果 与对照组比较...     

薄层鉴别结合多成分测定方法评价苓桂术甘颗粒质量

目的:建立苓桂术甘颗粒中肉桂酸、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ的薄层鉴别定性方法及绿原酸类成分、肉桂酸、桂皮醛含量同时测定的定量方法。方法:采用薄层色谱法鉴别制剂中的白术和桂枝;利用高效液相色谱法同时测定新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、桂皮醛和肉桂酸的含量。结果:目标斑点清晰、无阴性干扰,新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、桂皮醛和肉桂酸在线性范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为109.46%、93.46%、97.19%、103.70%、102.41%。结论:该薄层鉴别方法专属性强,含量测定方法准确可靠、操作简便,可以有效控制苓桂术甘颗粒的质量。     

Early warning signals for Omicron outbreaks in China: A retrospective study

The Omicron variant has become the dominant COVID-19 variant worldwide due to its rapid and cryptic spread. Therefore, successful early warning is of great importance to be able to control epidemics in their early phase, before developing into large outbreaks. COVID-19-related Baidu search index, which reflects human behavior to a certain degree, was used to retrospectively detect the warning signs for Omicron variant outbreaks in China in 2022. The characteristics and effects of warning signs were analyzed in detail. We detected the presence of early warning signs (both high and low thresholds) and found that these occurred 4–7 days earlier than traditional epidemiological surveillance and >20 days earlier than the implementation of the local “lockdown” policy. Compared with the “high threshold” warning, the early warning effect of the “low threshold” is also vital because it indicates a negligence about epidemic prevention and control. However, there is obvious heterogeneity in the optimal threshold for detecting early warning signs and their distribution in different cities. Multi-source and multi-point early warning systems should be established via combining internet-based big data in the future to conduct effective and early real-time warning. This would create precious time for the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks.