Appraisal and cytomorphologic analysis of common carcinomas of the breast

This work is based on 15 years experience with more than 9000 needle aspiration biopsies from the breast performed by a number of clinicians without syringe guns. From 1981 through 1983, 329 carcinomas were detected with a sensitivity of 90%. A positive or suspicious report was issued in 17 of the 32 minimal carcinomas. There were no false-positive diagnoses. A retrospective comparative study was made on the aspiration biopsy cytology specimens from 65 histologically verified carcinomas: 30 infiltrating ductal, 16 infiltrating lobular, 10 medullary, and 10 colloid carcinomas. Parameters included the pattern, major malignant criteria, and cell measurements by calibrated ocular micrometry. The classic features of each carcinoma and the differential cytomorphology are described.     

应用DRGs阑尾切除术权重系数对病种费用测算的研究

对15所不同等次医院105例单纯性阑尾炎,按临床路径经专家评估,剔除不合理诊疗措施,运用算术平均法求出单病种费用作为费用基数,导入按诊断相关分组(DRGs2005年版)系统推算各组病种费用。     

单病种临床路径与DRGs成本控制绩效研究与实践

通过对某一单病种实施临床路径与DRGs成本控制前后的对比分析,评价单病种临床路径和DRGs成本控制应用于临床管理的效果。结果显示,应用临床路径和DRGs成本控制可以明显改善医疗服务质量、缩短平均住院日、降低平均住院费用和提高病人满意度。     

Recent trends in pediatric hospitalization in New York state

OBJECTIVE: To describe changing rates of disorders associated with child hospitalization. STUDY DESIGN: Trends for the 100 diagnosis related groups (DRGs) with the largest number of hospitalizations (0-14 years) were analyzed. RESULTS: Children were hospitalized at an average annual rate of 35 per 1000 age-specific population during 1996 to 2002. The hospitalization rate decreased by 2.3% per year. The top 100 DRGs accounted for 90% of all 949,376 child hospitalizations. Hospitalization for mental illness increased by 5.5% per year, accounting for more than 4% of all child hospitalizations in 2002. Ambulatory care-sensitive medical conditions (asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, pneumonia, seizures) continue to be leading causes of hospitalization, and they are declining no faster than the overall rate. DRGs with a significantly faster rate of decline than the overall trend included surgical procedures for which inpatient care is often unnecessary (-12.3%/year, accounting for 11% of the overall decline) trauma-related diagnoses (-4.4%/year, accounting for 7% of the overall decline), and HIV-related conditions (-31.7%/year, accounting for 3% of the overall decline). CONCLUSIONS: The rising rate of hospitalization associated with child mental illness may represent a clinically important trend. Rates of hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions have not declined substantially despite the availability of evidence-based strategies to avoid serious illness.     

Determinants of postoperative stay in patients with colorectal cancer

The easiest way to reduce the cost of hospital care for patients is to reduce the length of hospital stay. Multivariate analysis was used to identify potentially alterable factors affecting postoperative length of stay for 320 consecutive colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective surgery during a three-year period. Prolonged postoperative stays were noted for patients over age 69. Significantly longer stays were seen for men than for women (13.9vs. 11.9 days,P=.012). Operative procedure significantly influenced postoperative stay: left hemicolectomies, anterior resections with colostomy, abdominoperineal resections, and subtotal coloectomies were associated with significantly longer stays than right, transverse, sigmoid, and anterior resections without colostomy (P<.001). Complications increased the mean postoperative stay from 11.4 to 19.7 days (P<.001) and stay increased progressively with the number of blood transfusions received from 11.1 days for no blood to 21.6 days for more than four units (P<.001). Severity of disease, as reflected by Dukes' stage, tumor differentiation, and tumor size, was not related to postoperative stay. In the latter half of the study, postoperative stay declined, accompanied by a decline in the use of blood and a shift in the procedures performed for rectal carcinoma away from abdominoperineal resection toward anterior resection without colostomy. Diagnosis-related group (DRG) relative weights for procedure, age, and complications are at variance with these findings. Supported in part by NCI-NIH Grant 1 R01-CA-35558-01 and The Frieda and George Zinberg Foundation.     

规范诊断书写提升 DRGs 数据质量

目的 北京医疗保险2013年实现总额预付,DRGs分组是住院病人付费管理的重要评价工具,为了提高DRGs分组数据的上传质量,有必要规范病案首页诊断书写.方法 通过加强DRGs知识宣传培训;借助信息化的手段,建立标准化的疾病诊断名称同义词数据库;利用信息化手段建立可视的诊断书写平台等方法提高诊断正确率.通过利用我院两年DRGs数据与北京市的分析对比,让医院管理人员和临床医生了解诊断填写的问题所在以及分组相关数据与北京市平均水平的差距.结果 临床医生填写好诊断和病案首页的水平显著提升,2012年我院DRGs数据质量显著提高.结论 达到临床医生积极参与的管理目标,提升我院DRGs数据质量.     

通过DRGs组合方式制定上尿路结石患者住院费用的研究

目的探讨适合广州市上尿路结石的DRGs病例组合方案,制定上尿路结石患者住院费用的参考标准。方法采用单因素分析和多重线性逐步回归方法对2009年~2013年以上尿路结石为主要诊断的2379例病案数据进行分析,确定住院费用的主要影响因素,利用数据挖掘决策树的方法建立上尿路结石患者的DRGs病例组合模型。结果住院费用的主要影响因素有：年龄、婚姻、手术方式、疗效和是否并发症与合并症;通过对2379例上尿路结石患者分组,共形成10个DRGs组合和相对应住院费用标准。结论通过应用以治疗方式及手术方式为主要分类节点的DRGs分组方式,制定符合上尿路结石患者住院费用标准,利于规范医院的诊疗行为,减轻患者的经济负担。     

病案首页疾病诊断缺陷分析

目的 调查病案首页疾病诊断存在缺陷,以提高疾病诊断规范性,保障疾病诊断相关分组（DRGs）系统顺利实施.方法 专业病案人员对某三甲医院2012年8月2日至8月8日所有出院病案进行调研分析,根据北京市卫生局京卫医字[2007]17号《关于规范住院病案首页填报工作的通知》的相关要求,找出临床疾病诊断书写中的缺陷.结果 共调研916份出院病案,存在书写缺陷主要为主要诊断错误,诊断名称不规范,漏诊及手术及操作错误.其错误的原因：其一是DRGs对于诊断书写有自己的规定和特点,医生还没有深入了解,造成主要诊断选择等问题存在;其二是医师填写不认真,没有统一的书写规范.结论 应该采取规范临床诊断和加强DRGs的宣讲等措施,可以使DRGs更客观对医院管理和医疗质量进行评价.     

某医院新农合按病种付费实施情况探析

2011年,北京市率先在全国启动按病种付费试点改革,随后该支付方式被推向全国。实施按病种付费确实有利于减轻新农合患者的医疗经济负担,但具体的政策执行却需要医疗机构的积极配合和落实。通过对某三甲医院新农合按病种付费方式实施情况的研究,了解医疗机构在实际执行按病种付费制度中取得的成效及存在问题,为合理改善医院新农合按病种付费管理工作提供依据。     

基于临床路径制定住院费用标准的研究

目的 以临床路径病例为基础,制定住院费用标准,为合理控制病种住院费用提供参考依据.方法 通过多因素回归分析筛选出子宫肌瘤住院费用的影响因素,采用疾病诊断相关组(DRGs)病例组合方法,对1777例子宫肌瘤患者进行分组.结果 影响子宫肌瘤患者住院费用的主要因素按其作用强度,依次为是否手术治疗、伴随疾病及其数量,调整R2 =0.654 5.子宫肌瘤病例共分为4个组合,变异系数(CV)均较小,分别为0.068、0.104、0.102、0.116,并测算了4个病例组合住院费用的标准值.结论 通过疾病诊断相关组(DRGs)病例组合方法制定的住院费用标准区间是合理有效的,对规范诊疗活动和控制高额住院费用具有积极意义.