How do Hospitals Respond to Price Changes? Evidence from Norway

Many publicly funded health systems use activity‐based financing to increase hospital production and efficiency. The aim of this study is to investigate whether price changes for different treatments affect the number of patients treated and the mix of activity provided by hospitals. We exploit the variations in prices created by the changes in the national average treatment cost per diagnosis‐related group (DRG) offered to Norwegian hospitals over a period of 5 years (2003–2007). We use the data from Norwegian Patient Register, containing individual‐level information on age, gender, type of treatment, diagnosis, number of co‐morbidities and the national average treatment costs per DRG. We employ fixed‐effect models to examine the changes in the number of patients treated within the DRGs over time. The results suggest that a 10% increase in price leads to about 0.8–1.3% increase in the number of patients treated for DRGs, which are medical (for both emergency and elective patients). In contrast, we find no price effect for DRGs that are surgical (for both emergency and elective patients). Moreover, we find evidence of upcoding. A 10% increase in the ratio of prices between patients with and without complications increases the proportion of patients coded with complications by 0.3–0.4 percentage points. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DRGs与RBRVS应用于护理绩效管理方案的探讨

[目的]探索如何将DRGs与RBRVS应用于绩效管理中,以建立一种能合理兼顾护理人员护理质量、操作技术和水平的护理绩效管理方法。[方法]根据DRGs的内涵和原理,建立了两种绩效管理模型,通过对新疆某三甲医院心血管内科的病例资料进行数据测算,并将两种假设模型与现有方案进行对比,以寻求最适合科室的护理绩效管理方案。[结果]通过计算科室DRG护理权重的总和的方案(方案二)、计算科室护理操作数量的总和乘以对应科室的CMI值的方案(方案三),与计算科室护理操作数量总和的方案(方案一)相比,除CCU外,其他病区的工作量绩效均有不同程度的增加。[结论]方案二将绩效管理精细到每一个DRG组中,能够客观真实的反映护士的工作水平,但不适用于重症监护室等存在虚拟床位的科室;而方案三则通过CMI值的不同将不同科室的差异体现出来,但存在某些科室由于特殊收费导致CMI值过高的现象。医院应加强对绩效薪酬管理方式的宣传与指导,加强护士对DRG和RBRVS相关知识的理解。并转变管理方式,规范临床护理路径的落实,通过精细化护理,真正实现降低成本、增加效率、提高护理质量的目的。     

DRGs in Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy in Germany

Patients requiring transfusion medicine and hemotherapy in an inpatient setting are incorporated into the German Diagnosis Related Groups (G-DRG) system in multiple ways. Different DRGs exist in Major Diagnostic Category 16 for patients that have been admitted for the treatment of a condition from the field of transfusion medicine. However, the reimbursement might be not cost covering for many cases, and efforts have to be intensified to find adequate definitions and prices. We believe that this can only be successful if health service research is intensified in this field. For patients requiring hemotherapy and transfusion medicine concomitant to the treatment of an underlying disease such as cancer, multiple systems exist to increase remuneration, among them the Patient Clinical Complexity Level (PCCL) and complex constellations to induce DRG splits. For direct reimbursement of high cost products, additional remuneration fees (Zusatzentgelte, ZE) are the most important. In addition, expensive innovations not reflected within the DRGs can be reimbursed after application and negotiation of the New Diagnostic and Treatment Methods (Neue Untersuchungs-und Behandlungsmethoden, NUB) system. The NUB system guarantees that medical progress is put rapidly into clinical practice and prevents financial issues from becoming a stumbling block for the use of innovative drugs and methods.     

基于DRGs的上海嘉定二级医院代表性病种费用研究*

目的 探索运用DRGs对上海嘉定二级医院代表性病种费用等指标进行研究。方法 以“嘉定区域疾病诊断相关分组医疗服务管理系统”为研究平台,以在线上报的病案首页信息为基础,以2016版CN-DRGs分组系统为工具,对代表性病种费用等指标进行评价。结果 评估分析了5家二级医院,对10个代表性病种费用、均次药费、均次卫生材料费和平均住院日等进行了对比评价。 结论 基于DRGs对区内二级医院代表性病种费用等指标进行评价较为客观,可为医疗服务监管和持续改进提供数据支撑和借鉴。     

北京诊断相关组(BJ-DRGs)分组效果的初步评价

目的 评估本土开发的诊断相关组系统(BJ-DRGs)的分组效能.方法 从北京市公共卫生信息中心采集2008年北京市149家医院全部短期住院病例的病案首页数据共计130万份.以组内变异系数(CV)作为分组效能的评价指标,判断BJ-DRGs的分组效能.结果 对于医疗费用而言,BJDRGs的组内一致性相当高.结论 在北京市的数据环境下,BJ-DRGs的分组效果良好.     

DRGs数据在医院临床输血评价中的应用分析

目的 利用DRGs数据中输血相关资料分析,以期建立有公信力的临床用血评价体系,加强对临床安全有效输血的管理.方法 采用DRGs项目组输血相关资料,用EXCEL数据库对DRGs项目组输血相关数据的输血人数、医院名称、医院类别、医院级别、DRGs编号及名称、输血人次、输血量相关数据进行分类统计.结果 统计北京市医疗机构患者用血比例、用血患者例均用量、医院用血数量分布及排序、DRGs用血分布及排序、单一DRGs在各医院间用血排序及分布、医院不同年度用血量增长及主要用血疾病组.结论 利用DRGs可有效地对临床用血指征控制效果及管理效果进行评价分析,为卫生行政部门及医院提供有公信力的管理手段,同时可为政策管理目标的制定提供数据支持.     

澳大利亚DRGs分组方案中并发症/合并症的处理

对澳大利亚AR-DRGs方案中的并发症(合并症)的处理作了详细介绍,从疾病并发症/合并症水平及病人临床诊治的复杂程度介绍了AR-DRGs对并发症(合并症)的考虑,具体就CCL和PCCL赋值进行了说明,为本地化DRGs的方案设计中并发症(合并症)的处理提供了借鉴.     

北京市样本医院DRGs实施效果评价

目的 测量北京市样本医院DRGs实施效果.方法 采取随机抽样方法,提取2所DRGs试点医院数据,同时提取2所同样级别的非试点医院的数据.利用Excel软件处理,比较试点医院和非试点医院的经济性、效率性和效果性.结果 以人均费用作为经济性反映指标,DRGs试点医院人均费用下降速度比非试点医院快（-66.83VS 75.26）;以出院总人次作为效率性反映指标,试点医院出院总人次上升速度比非试点医院快（38.13VS27.4）;以住院病人药占比作为效果性反映指标,试点医院药占比下降速度比非试点医院快（-0.002 VS-0.000）.结论 实施DRGs后,试点医院的经济性、效率性和效果性指标均比非试点医院有优势.     

Do financial incentives trump clinical guidance? Hip Replacement in England and Scotland

Following devolution in 1999 England and Scotland's National Health Services diverged, resulting in major differences in hospital payment. England introduced a case payment mechanism from 2003/4, while Scotland continued to pay through global budgets. We investigate the impact this change had on activity for Hip Replacement. We examine the financial reimbursement attached to uncemented Hip Replacement in England, which has been more generous than for its cemented counterpart, although clinical guidance from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence recommends the later. In Scotland this financial differential does not exist. We use a difference-in-difference estimator, using Scotland as a control, to test whether the change in reimbursement across the two countries had an influence on treatment. Our results indicate that financial incentives are directly linked to the faster uptake of the more expensive, uncemented Hip Replacement in England, which ran against the clinical guidance.