四逆汤对肾性高血压大鼠肾及心脑病变的影响

目的探讨四逆汤对高血压大鼠肾及心脑等器官病理学改变的影响。方法取健康雌性Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为正常对照组、肾性高血压组、四逆汤治疗组,每组8只。应用双肾动脉夹闭法建立肾性高血压动物模型,应用RBF-2型大鼠尾动脉血压计测量血压。四逆汤治疗组给予四逆汤灌胃4周,肾性高血压组同期给予生理盐水灌胃,正常对照组不做任何处理。观察各组大鼠肾及心脑的组织病理学改变。结果四逆汤治疗组血压降至正常;肾性高血压组大鼠肾、心、脑结构较正常对照组均有不同程度的改变;四逆汤治疗组大鼠肾脏入球小动脉壁厚度较肾性高血压组明显变薄（F=11.086,q=2.82,P〈0.05）,心肌细胞横截面积显著减小（F=13.607,q=2.83,P〈0.05）,脑血管病理改变较对照组无显著性差异。结论四逆汤对高血压具有一定的治疗作用,在降压的同时能够一定程度减轻肾、心、脑的病理改变。     

2005年青岛市李沧区学校食堂卫生状况调查

[目的]了解李沧区学校食堂的卫生状况，为加强学校食堂卫生监督管理提供依据。[方法]设计调查表对李沧区42个学校食堂进行现场检查并填写调查表。[结果]各类学校均持有卫生许可证，在工作人员个人健康证明持有和穿戴工作帽情况方面，小学食堂与其他2类学校相比差异有统计学意义，（P〈0．05）；基本卫生设施配置率为100．00％；小学食堂使用的食（饮）具大肠菌群阳性率为75．0％，其他为47．6％和21．3％，与其它2类学校相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。[结论]今后应继续加强对学校食堂的卫生监管，特别是小学食堂的监管，提高管理人和从业人员防病意识及法制观念。     

2005年全国疾病预防控制机构人力结构现状分析

通过全国系统抽样,获取疾病预防控制机构2005年人力结构基本资料,从年龄、学历、职称和专业四个维度对疾病预防控制机构人员构成进行描述。结果显示,全国疾病预防控制机构在岗人员平均年龄为39.8岁,以大、中专学历为主,本科学历次之,职称集中在初、中级水平,专业化程度较高,并以预防医学和非预防专业的医学专业背景为主。     

The iron status, clinical symptom and anthropometry between normal and anemic groups of middle school girls

This research analyzed the iron status, clinical symptoms and physical characteristics between normal and anemic group of middle school girls in the Ulsan metropolitan area. It was carried out with 237 subjects (normal 190, anemic subject 47). They were evaluated with a questionnaire and measurement of hematological indices. BMI (kg/m²) of the two groups were 19.54 ± 2.44 (normal girls) and 19.22 ± 2.27 (anemic girls). The hemoglobin concentration of the anemic girls were 10.84 ± 1.17g/dl and the serum iron of the anemic girls represent 35.15 ± 27.47 µg/100 ml. The TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) of the anemic girls showed significantly high to 449.30 ± 64.87 µg/100 ml. The serum ferritin of the anemic girls was 20.53 ± 42.29 µg/ℓ, it represented significantly low. The symptom of ''pale face'' of the anemic girls were higher than the normal girls. Hemoglobin and serum iron were negatively correlated with ''pale face''. The TIBC was negatively correlated with ''Get a cold easily''. The duration and amount of menstruation were correlated with iron status. This research is to be utilized as basic data for dietary support and nutritional education to improve their iron status.     

膀胱癌术后膀胱灌注患者的心理状况调查及护理干预

目的掌握膀胱癌术后膀胱灌注患者的心理动态,及时给予护理干预,提高患者的生活质量。方法填写《癌症患者心理反应状况量表》进行心理测试,评估患者的心理状况,进行护理干预,干预前后进行心理状况比较。结果干预前后患者的心理状况有明显差别(P<0.01)。结论及时给予有效的护理干预,能改善患者的不良心理,增强战胜疾病的信心,提高患者的遵医行为,按时定期灌注,降低复发率,提高患者的生活质量。     

EuroQol EQ-5D and condition-specific measures of health outcome in women with urinary incontinence: reliability, validity and responsiveness

Objectives To evaluate the measurement properties of the EuroQoL EQ-5D and two condition-specific patient-reported outcome measures—the Symptom Severity Index (SSI) and the Urinary Incontinence-Specific Quality of Life instrument (I-QoL)—in women with urinary incontinence. Methods A questionnaire comprising all instruments was completed by women taking part in a clinical trial of physiotherapy for urinary incontinence. Follow-up questionnaires were at 6 weeks and 5 months. Data quality, internal consistency reliability, validity and responsiveness were assessed. Results One hundred and seventy-four patients taking part in the clinical trial completed the questionnaire. Instruments had low levels of missing data. The EQ-5D had a large ceiling effect and poor responsiveness. The SSI had poor validity and responsiveness. The I-QoL had levels of reliability that supported application in group assessment, and in some cases, individual assessment, and good evidence of validity. The I-QoL was the most responsive instrument at both 6 weeks and 5 months. Conclusion The I-QoL was the best performing instrument and is recommended as a continence-specific measure of quality of life in a clinical trial setting. The SSI and EQ-5D are not recommended. Alternative generic instruments, which support economic evaluation, require further evaluation in trials of female urinary incontinence. On behalf of the West Midlands Incontinence Research Collaboration.     

肿瘤专用型肠内营养液在结直肠癌术前准备中的应用

目的:探讨肿瘤专用型肠内营养(EN)制剂(瑞能)在结直肠癌术前准备中的应用效果.方法:将我科收治的中、重度营养不良的结直肠癌病人56例分为两组,每组28例.试验组使用肿瘤专用型EN制剂瑞能,对照组使用能全力,两组病人均治疗7d后行手术治疗.于营养治疗前(术前8d)及治疗后7d(术前1d)检测反映病人营养状况、免疫功能和促炎细胞因子的指标以及肠道清洁情况.结果:两组病人术前8d各项指标均无显著性差异,术前1d试验组病人的血清清蛋白、前清蛋白、IgG、CD4＋和CD4＋/CD8＋均显著高于对照组,白细胞介素素-6(IL6)、肿瘤坏死因子α-(TNF-α)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)均显著低于对照组.结论:中、重度营养不良的结直肠癌病人术前采用肿瘤专用型EN支持,可改善病人的营养状况,增强机体免疫功能,减轻炎性反应.     

1000名医学生营养状况调查及对策研究

目的: 调查1 000名医学生的营养状况和饮食情况,并有针对性地进行饮食指导干预,进而达到改善学生体质的目的. 方法: 先对200名实习医学生进行基础能量代谢测定和饮食调查,对学生的营养状况有个初步了解,然后再选择我院实习的河北省内四所医学院四年级学生1 000名作为营养调查对象,对其进行营养状况和饮食情况调查.在营养医师指导下进行每天饮食种类及总量的纠正,使其接近健康人每天的标准热量.1年后,对他们进行营养状况复查. 结果: 学生总的进食量、种类偏少且不均衡,经营养指导后得以纠正.各项营养指标在营养医师指导后逐渐接近成人标准值.1 000名学生中营养指导前消瘦占29%,正常占68%,超重及轻度肥胖占3%.1年后,营养正常的学生比例增加了10%(P＜0.01). 结论: 在营养医师指导下,医学生能自主改变以往不合理的饮食方式,做到均衡足量进食,大多数学生达到理想体质量及标准体质指数,总体营养状况得以改善,全面提高了身体素质.     

民族地区高校新生视力检查结果分析

目的为了解我校新生入学视力状况，为视力保护和近视预防工作提供参考依据。方法我校医疗保健所对2007年9月入学新生2315人统一进行入学体检，将其视力状况进行分类整理，并按性别、民族、所学专业进行x^2检验。结果2315名新生中视力不良1703人，占73．59％。其中藏族为46．88％，汉族为78．11％。女生为75．19％，男生为71．00％。理科为79．09％，文科为75．63％，艺体类为54．64％。视力不良率明显低于2006年国家体育总局公布的第二次国民体质监测报告的大学生82．6％，中学生76．02％。且民族性别沙障专业差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），其流行特点表现为视力不良率汉族高于藏族，藏族男、女新生轻度视力不良构成比高于汉族新生，中厘度则低于汉族新生；女生高于男生；文理类高于艺体类。结论加强对大学生的视力监测并采取积极的干预措施，以降低视力不良的发生率。     

妊娠晚期妇女心理状况影响因素分析

目的 了解正常妊娠晚期孕妇心理状况及相关影响因素.方法 采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)以及自编的<孕期心理因素调查表>对310名妊娠晚期孕妇进行调查.结果 焦虑自评量表得分(47.26±4.63)分,抑郁自评量表得分(46.33±4.90)分,高于国内常模;社会支持评定量表得分(40.13±2.78)分,其各维度得分均与孕妇心理状况高度相关.多元回归分析显示,担心分娩安全、家族遗传性疾病和低社会支持是焦虑和抑郁症状重要的危险因素,而上过孕妇学校是焦虑和抑郁症状共同的保护因素.结论 孕期良好的心理,不仅在于自我心态调节,还需得到丈夫、亲友等多方面的支持和关心.