退变性腰椎侧凸脊柱-骨盆矢状位影像学特点

目的 :观察退变性腰椎侧凸(DLS)患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位影像学特点,探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化对DLS发生的影响。方法:回顾性分析103例DLS患者术前资料,男36例,女67例,年龄62.6±7.4(43~78)岁,并选取139例正常青年人群作为正常青年对照组,145例单纯颈椎病患者作为成年对照组,在脊柱全长正侧位X线片上测量各组冠状位、矢状位参数,包括L3倾斜角、侧凸Cobb角、冠状位平衡(CVA)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、矢状位平衡(SVA)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)等,采用独立样本t检验比较DLS组与两对照组的各矢状位参数,并用Pearson相关分析DLS组各参数间相关性。结果:DLS组PI为50.4°±10.2°,显著高于正常青年对照组(45.1°±9.6°,P0.01)和成年对照组(46.9°±9.1°,P0.01)。与青年及成年对照组相比,DLS组LL、SS较小(P0.01),PT、SVA较大(P0.01);TK小于成年对照组(P0.01)。DLS组中合并退变性腰椎滑脱者37例(占35.9%),PI为53.1°±8.8°;无退变性腰椎滑脱者66例,PI为48.9°±10.6°,二者相比有统计学差异且均显著高于正常青年对照组(P0.05)。DLS组侧凸Cobb角与PT显著相关(P0.05),余冠状位参数与矢状位参数间未发现相关性;LL、PI、SS、PT两两之间显著相关(P0.01),LL、PT与TK显著相关(P0.01),SS与TK显著相关(P0.05),LL与SVA显著相关(P0.01)。结论 :DLS患者PI高于正常青年及颈椎病患者,高PI可能参与了DLS的发病机制;DLS患者退变、侧凸的腰椎仍存在调节矢状位平衡的能力。     

多维度评估对特发性脊柱侧凸进展高峰期的预测价值

目的:通过多维度评估特发性脊柱侧凸(idiopathic scoliosis,IS)患儿侧凸进展高峰期(peak angle velocity,PAV)的相应成熟度指标,探讨其对PAV的预测价值。方法:选取初诊时月经未至、Risser征0级,Y三角软骨未闭、以半年为周期随访至少5次且进展超过5°的女性IS患儿30例,初诊年龄为10.8±1.5岁(7.8~12.1岁)。随访时收集及测量的指标包括实足年龄、Y三角软骨闭合状态、Risser征、身高、主弯Cobb角和骨龄(digital skeletal age,DSA)评分。计算每个随访周期内的身高增长速度(height velocity,HV)和Cobb角增长速度(angle velocity,AV)。采用逻辑回归分析各维度指标对PAV的预测价值。结果:30例患儿的PAV年龄为11.8±1.3岁(10~15岁),PAV时的身高为150.7±4.8cm,DSA评分为479.4±56.5,主弯Cobb角为26.5°±7.2°,HV为8.3±3.7cm/年,AV为7.8°±5.2°/年。PAV主要发生于Risser征0级(80.0%)和1级(20.0%)。逻辑回归分析结果显示PAV的发生与实足年龄介于11~13岁之间(OR=3.166,P=0.032)、Y软骨闭合(OR=6.365,P0.01)、Risser征0级(OR=12.963,P0.01)、DSA评分介于400~500之间(OR=10.758,P=0.011)、HV6cm/年(OR=4.346,P=0.025)、Cobb角30°(OR=9.535,P=0.013)呈显著相关。结论:年龄介于11~13岁之间、Risser征0级伴Y软骨闭合、DSA评分介于400~500之间、HV6cm/年和Cobb角30°为女性IS患儿侧凸PAV的高危因素,可用于预测PAV的发生,评估侧凸进展风险。     

马方及类马方综合征脊柱侧凸与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能障碍的差异性比较

目的:比较马方和类马方综合征脊柱侧凸(Marfan syndrome and Marfanoid scoliosis,MMS)患者与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者肺功能的差异及影响因素。方法:1999年9月~2013年4月我院收治的以胸弯(冠状面)为主的马方及类马方综合征脊柱侧凸患者共85例,其中年龄为11~19岁且临床资料完整的患者共40例(MMS组),男14例,女26例;收集患者术前肺功能指标,包括第1秒最大呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大用力呼气峰流量(PEF),数值采用实测值占预计值的百分比,分析肺功能指标与年龄、冠状面Cobb角、胸后凸Cobb角、胸弯柔韧度之间的关系。并与同期住院行脊柱侧凸矫形内固定术的相匹配的80例AIS患者(AIS组)的术前肺功能参数进行比较。采用曼-惠特尼U检验比较两组间的差异,并用Pearson相关性分析对两组患者肺功能指标与患者年龄及相关脊柱侧凸指标进行相关性分析。结果:MMS组患者中肺功能处于中、重度损害的比例(11/40)显著高于AIS组(5/80)(P0.05)。MMS组患者FEV1、FVC均明显小于AIS组患者(P0.05);PEF两组间差异无统计学意义。MMS组患者FEV1、FVC与冠状面Cobb角呈显著性负相关(r=-0.444、-0.524,P0.05);FEV1、FVC、PEF与年龄之间呈正显著性相关(r=0.363,0.326,0.348,P0.05);FVC与胸弯冠状面柔韧度之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.321,P0.05);FEV1、FVC与胸椎后凸角均无显著相关性。AIS组患者FEV1、FVC、PEF等指标与冠状面Cobb角呈显著性负相关(r=-0.338、-0.293、-0.253,P0.05);FEV1、PEF与年龄之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.286、0.341,P0.05);FEV1与胸后凸Cobb角之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.238,P0.05)。两组患者肺功能指标与相关指标间的相关性存在差异。结论:MMS患者肺功能损害较AIS患者严重,其肺功能主要受胸弯冠状面Cobb角、年龄共同影响。     

儿童下腰椎和腰骶段半椎体畸形冠状面平衡状况与外科矫形选择

目的:评估儿童下腰椎及腰骶段半椎体畸形冠状面平衡情况,分析不同外科矫形方式的选择和临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2005年1月~2013年12月我院收治的14例先天性脊柱侧凸患者,平均年龄7.8±3.3岁(3~10岁)。L4半椎体4例,L5半椎体7例,S1半椎体3例。根据术前冠状面平衡情况分为3组:A组冠状面平衡,C7铅垂线偏离骶骨正中平分线(CSVL)≤2cm;B组为C7铅垂线位于半椎体的对侧(偏离CSVL2cm);C组为C7铅垂线位于半椎体的同侧(偏离CSVL2cm)。所有患者均采用一期后路半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定矫形植骨融合术式。矫形方式:A组中凸侧与凹侧撑开、压缩力均等;B组半椎体侧单纯压缩;C组增加L5/S1节段"反向"凸侧撑开、凹侧压缩的矫形操作。随访观察各组患者畸形矫正情况。结果:所有病例随访24~68个月,平均33±12个月。术前冠状面排列中平衡4例(29%),失平衡10例(71%)。术前冠状面Cobb角平均36.8°,末次随访时平均12.1°±8.0°(P=0.000),最终矫正率67.1%。术前的冠状面平衡为6~53mm,平均30.6±14.9mm,末次随访时冠状面平衡为0~44mm,平均10.7±10.9mm(P=0.001)。其中,A组患者4例,术前与术后均维持了冠状面平衡;B组患者6例,术后有1例患者冠状面仍然失平衡;C组患者4例,术后均恢复了冠状面平衡。结论:儿童下腰椎和腰骶段的半椎体畸形冠状面失平衡发生率较高,一期后路半椎体切除联合椎弓根内固定、结合不同冠状面排列情况采取恰当矫形方式,可能获得满意的冠状面平衡和临床疗效。     

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Elevated Mitral Valve Pressure Gradient After Mitral Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the adverse impact of elevated postprocedural mitral valve pressure gradient (MPG) on outcome in a real-world population of patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) who underwent transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (TEER).BackgroundTEER has become a routine treatment alternative for patients with severe MR at high surgical risk. The consequences of elevated MPG after TEER have been subject to controversial debates.MethodsAll consecutive patients undergoing TEER for either severe degenerative MR (DMR) or functional MR (FMR) at a high-volume center between September 2008 and January 2020 were prospectively included and followed periodically. Postprocedural MPG by discharge transthoracic echocardiography was considered elevated at ≥5 mm Hg. The primary combined endpoint was death or heart failure rehospitalization after 5 years.ResultsA total of 713 patients undergoing TEER (DMR, n = 265; FMR, n = 445) were included. Elevated postprocedural MPG was present in 37.0% of those with DMR (n = 98) and 22.0% of those with FMR (n = 98). In contrast to patients with FMR, 6-minute walk distance did not improve in patients with DMR with elevated MPG. Kaplan-Meier analyses did not demonstrate significant differences for the primary endpoint in patients with DMR (low vs elevated MPG, 67.3% vs 74.4%; P = 0.06) and those with FMR (78.6% vs 74.8%; P = 0.54). After adjustment, elevated MPG was an independent predictor of the primary endpoint in patients with DMR (HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.03-2.45; P = 0.034) but not in those with FMR (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.63-1.22; P = 0.43).ConclusionsElevated postprocedural MPG is an independent predictor of adverse clinical and functional outcomes in patients with DMR but not in those with FMR     

后路椎间盘镜治疗退变性椎管狭窄的研究

目的观察后路椎间盘镜(MED)治疗退变性椎管狭窄的临床疗效。方法选取2011年6月至2013年6月该院收治的126例患者作为研究对象,将患者分为两组,观察组采取MED手术,对照组采取开放手术。观察两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间和术后恢复时间,并将两组患者手术疗效进行比较,记录术后3个月和术后1年的间歇性跛行时间和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分。结果观察组患者的手术时间、术后住院时间和术后恢复时间短于对照组,术中出血少,两组患者之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者术后未发生脊柱侧凸和腰椎不稳,对照组术后2例患者发生脊柱侧突,两组患者术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组优良率88.89%,对照组优良率85.71%,两组患者的手术疗效差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后3个月的间歇性跛行时间和ODI评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1年的间歇性跛行时间和ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MED的应用可以有效解除硬膜囊和神经根的压迫,缩短患者的恢复时间,从而一定程度上减少患者住院的费用,值得在临床上应用。     

“六步八法”手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗膝关节退行性病变

目的探讨"六步八法"手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗膝关节退行性病变临床疗效。方法随机将2012-03—2014-03间收治的60例膝关节退行性病变患均分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组行阿仑膦酸钠治疗,观察组则给予"六步八法"手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗。对2组临床疗效、治疗前后VAS及JOA评分进行比较。结果观察组治疗总有效率96.67%,明显高于对照组(80.00%)。两组比较,差异有统计学意义。2组治疗后VAS及JOA评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 "六步八法"手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗膝关节退行性病变安全有效,能明显改善患者膝关节功能,值得临床推广。     

后路半椎体全切钉棒固定治疗幼儿先天性脊柱侧凸畸形

目的：评价后路半椎体切除钉棒固定治疗幼儿先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果。方法采用后路一期半椎体切除、椎弓根螺钉固定治疗16例完全性半椎体畸形患儿,手术时年龄12～27（15．56±3．79）个月。术前侧凸 Cobb 角为32°～45°（38．35°±3．44°）,Bending 位侧凸26°～72°（53．26°±7．28°）。结果手术时间145～210（185±25）min,术中出血量220～580（375±58）ml,输血量300～480（450±38）ml;固定节段4～6（5．12±0．75）个椎体。患儿均获随访,时间13～26（18．5±3．2）个月。术后患儿站立位全脊柱正、侧位 X线片示侧凸 Cobb 角9°～15°（12．26°±2．06°）,平均矫正率68．4％;末次随访时侧凸 Cobb 角12°～20°（17°±1．56°）,丢失约5°,平均矫正率55．3％。术后伤口愈合不良1例,无神经系统并发症。结论采用一期后路半椎体切除、钉棒固定治疗幼儿先天性脊柱侧凸畸形,可直接去除致畸因素,在幼儿可获得良好的临床效果。     

Do Current Recommendations for Upper Instrumented Vertebra Predict Shoulder Imbalance? An Attempted Validation of Level Selection for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Background

Shoulder balance for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients is associated with patient satisfaction and self-image. However, few validated systems exist for selecting the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) post-surgical shoulder balance.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose is to examine the existing UIV selection criteria and correlate with post-surgical shoulder balance in AIS patients.

Methods

Patients who underwent spinal fusion at age 10–18 years for AIS over a 6-year period were reviewed. All patients with a minimum of 1-year radiographic follow-up were included. Imbalance was determined to be radiographic shoulder height |RSH| ≥ 15 mm at latest follow-up. Three UIV selection methods were considered: Lenke, Ilharreborde, and Trobisch. A recommended UIV was determined using each method from pre-surgical radiographs. The recommended UIV for each method was compared to the actual UIV instrumented for all three methods; concordance between these levels was defined as “Correct” UIV selection, and discordance was defined as “Incorrect” selection.

Results

One hundred seventy-one patients were included with 2.3 ± 1.1 year follow-up. For all methods, “Correct” UIV selection resulted in more shoulder imbalance than “Incorrect” UIV selection. Overall shoulder imbalance incidence was improved from 31.0% (53/171) to 15.2% (26/171). New shoulder imbalance incidence for patients with previously level shoulders was 8.8%.

Conclusions

We could not identify a set of UIV selection criteria that accurately predicted post-surgical shoulder balance. Further validated measures are needed in this area. The complexity of proximal thoracic curve correction is underscored in a case example, where shoulder imbalance occurred despite “Correct” UIV selection by all methods.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-015-9451-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

L3~5节段退变性疾病融合与非融合术式的选择

目的：比较采用动态中和固定系统( Dynesys)及腰椎后路椎间融合术( PLIF)治疗L3~5节段退变疾病的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用 Dynesys 及 PLIF 手术治疗L3~5节段退变疾病患者46例,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,术前、术后3个月及末次随访时腰腿疼痛视觉模拟( VAS)评分、Oswestry 功能障碍指数( ODI)、手术节段及临近节段活动度( ROM)变化。结果46例患者均获随访,Dynesys组平均随访时间(20±7)个月,手术时间(168±19)min,出血量(481±169)ml,术后住院时间(9±2)d,PLIF组平均随访时间(16±6)个月,手术时间(204±20) min,出血量(635±168) ml,术后住院时间(8±2) d;两组患者腰腿痛VAS评分、ODI评分在术后3个月及末次随访时较术前有明显的改善(P<0．05),两组间术前、术后3个月及末次随访时评分差异均无统计学意义。 Dynesys组手术节段术后ROM较术前减低(P<0．05),PLIF组手术节段ROM在术后消失,两组临近节段ROM在术前、术后3个月及末次随访时无明显改变;两组间手术节段ROM在术后3个月及末次随访时差异有统计学意义( P<0．05),临近节段ROM差异无统计学意义。结论在治疗L3~5节段退变疾病时Dynesys和PLIF手术均可取得良好的手术治疗效果,但Dynesys具有较短的手术时间及更少的术中出血量,可保留手术节段一定的活动度,因此在具有相同手术适应症的L3~5节段腰椎退变性患者建议行Dynesys手术治疗。