注意力缺陷及注意缺陷多动障碍患儿局部脑血流灌注的研究

【目的】探讨注意缺陷／多动障碍(ADHD)各亚型局部脑血流(rCBF)特点以及与不同临床类型的关系。【方法】用单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)测定了40例ADHD患儿和11例正常儿童rCBF灌注情况。【结果】定性分析结果显示，ADHD患儿低疋BF灌注量的发生率(57．5％)高于正常儿童(9％)，低灌注部位涉及额叶、颞叶、枕叶和丘脑，以额叶发生率最高；伴有多动一冲动组低rCBF注量的发生率(66．7％)高于注意缺陷组(47．3％)，同时，伴有多动一冲动组中在所有疋BF降低的脑区中，左侧占14例次，右侧占10例次，左右侧rCBF差异有显著性。【结论】额叶rCBF降低与ADHD行为抑制缺陷相关，同时左侧脑区血流下降与病情的严重程度相关。     

固视野检查对甲状腺相关眼病眼外肌功能的测量分析

目的:探讨固视野检查对甲状腺相关眼病眼外肌功能测定的临床应用。方法:用视野弧计对甲状腺相关眼病患者进行固视野检查。结果:眼球运动不足为-4时,固视野在0°-15°之间:眼球运动不足为-3时,固视野在18°～28°之间;眼球运动不足为-2时,固视野在28°-38°之间;眼球运动不足为-1时,固视野在40°～43°之间;眼球运动正常时,固视野为45°～50°。结论:固视野检查对甲状腺相关眼病患者能准确而直观地显示各个方向眼球活动受限程度。     

Behavioral outcome including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivity disorder and minor neurological signs in perinatal high-risk newborns at 4−6 years of age with relation to risk factors

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic problems with the criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual, 4th edn, have been identified. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the minor neurological signs test (MNT) the authors had previously reported was a predictor for the criteria of ADHD or hyperactivity disorder (HD) in perinatal risk children at 4-6 years of age and what kind of risk factors related to MNT. METHODS: A total of 136 children discharged from neonatal intensive care units were examined at the age of 4-6 years by a developmental neuropediatrician using both MNT and diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV ADHD/ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th edn) HD. SPSS base and professional were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: On comparison of diagnostic criteria between ADHD (11.0%) and HD (27.5%), the incidence in the same subjects showed significant difference. MNT scores showed significant correlation with criteria of ADHD (P < 0.01) and HD (P < 0.05). Diagnostic validity of MNT for predicting ADHD was demonstrated with 78% sensitivity and 79% specificity. High positive rates on MNT did not show a significant difference between the very low birthweight (VLBW) and non-low birthweight (NLBW) groups. Behavioral outcome with relation to risk factors were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Apgar 5 in the NLBW group and toxemia of pregnancy and small for gestational age (SGA) in VLBW group were highly correlated with behavioral outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Minor neurological signs test score was a significant predictor for criteria of ADHD and HD. High incidences of positive MNT were suspected in not only VLBW children but also NLBW children and Apgar 5 in NLBW children and toxemia of pregnancy and SGA in VLBW children influenced behavioral outcome.     

卒中后抑郁与神经功能缺损及日常生活能力的相关性探讨

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁发病率与神经功能缺损程度和日常生活能力的关系。方法对198例住院诊断为脑卒中的患者,在发病1个月时用改良的爱丁堡斯堪的那维亚神经功能缺损评分表和日常生活能力量表进行评分,并根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表评定,分卒中后抑郁(post stroke depression,PSD)和非PSD两组。结果卒中后1月时,PSD的发病率在神经功能缺损组中明显高于神经功能正常组;在生活能力依赖组中PSD的发生率明显高于独立生活能力组。结论脑卒中后PSD的发病率在卒中后有神经功能缺损以及日常生活能力需依赖的患者中较高。     

急性脑卒中患者早期综合康复治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨早期综合康复治疗对脑卒中患者神经功能缺损、运动功能及日常生活活动能力（ADL）的影响。方法：72例急性脑卒中患者随机分为康复组及对照组，康复组在采用常规药物治疗同时，进行早期综合康复治疗；对照组仅采用常规药物治疗。治疗前后的运动功能和日常生活能力（ADL）分别用Fugl-meyer assessment（FMA）和改良的Barthel指数评定。结果：治疗后康复组患者神经功能缺损积分、运动功能和ADL的改善程度明显优于药物治疗组，差别具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：急性脑卒中患者早期综合康复治疗与单纯药物治疗相比，在降低其神经功能缺损积分，提高运动功能、ADL的积分上效果更好。     

不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍患儿脑电活动的特征

[目的]探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD）三个亚型儿童及正常对照组儿童脑电活动的特征.[方法]将门诊符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的110例ADHD儿童分为注意缺陷为主型（PI）49例,多动或冲动为主型（HI）19例,混合型（CT）42例,对照组儿童35例,对其进行脑电图检查并进行比较.[结果]ADHD组儿童脑电频率明显慢于正常对照组（P＜0.05）.三个亚型ADHD患儿中HI型脑电频率最慢,PI型频率最快,三个亚型间两两比较差异有非常显著性（P＜0.01）.HI型内右前额、右额部及右枕部的脑电频率明显慢于左半球（P＜0.05）.三个亚型在右枕部的脑电频率均慢于左半球.[结论]ADHD存在有一定的神经生理基础,其发病机制可能与大脑发育不成熟有关.     

二十二碳-6烯酸对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿神经生化及行为影响的研究

【目的】探讨二十二碳-6烯酸（DoCosahexaenoiCacid，DHA）对注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder，ADHD）患儿神经生化及行为影响，观察补充DHA对ADHD患儿症状行为的改变情况。【方法】通过对确诊的ADHD儿童补充DHA，检测其血清中多巴胺（dopamine，DA）、5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine，5HT）以及促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotropic hormone，ACTH）的水平在服用前后的变化，并分析这些变化对ADHD儿童行为改变的影响。【结果】①ADHD儿童血清DA、5-HT、ACTH含量在服用前后差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。男童血清DA、ACTH水平，女童血清5-HT、ACTH水平，中学生血清DA、5-HT水平在服用前后差异也均有显著性。②服用后儿童行为问题检出率12．5％，低于服用前的37．9％（P〈0．05）。6～16岁ADHD男童Achenbach儿童行为量表（Child Behavior Checklist，CBCL）行为得分在补充DHA后有所改善（P〈0．05）。③DA水平与多动指数水平呈负相关（r=-0．300，P〈0．05）；5-HT水平与注意缺陷指数水平存在负相关（r=-0．434，P〈0．05）；ACTH水平与注意缺陷指数水平存在边缘正相关（r=0．236，P=0．047）。【结论】DHA对ADHD患儿DA、5-HT及ACTH水平有一定调控作用，对改善其临床症状有一定疗效。     

抗抑郁治疗对卒中后抑郁及神经功能康复的影响

目的探讨氟西汀抗抑郁治疗对卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者的抑郁症状和神经功能康复的影响及其安全性。方法将91例PSD患者随机分为治疗组46例和对照组45例,两组同时应用脑血管病治疗药物,治疗组加用氟西汀治疗。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、日常生活自理能力量表(Barthel指数记分)和神经功能缺损程度评定疗效和功能改善状况。结果治疗后治疗组HAMD量表减分率与对照组比较,差异有高度显著性(P<0.01),神经功能缺损程度积分值降低与Barthel评分提高,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。治疗组抑郁症状改善的显效率和神经功能缺损改善的总有效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.001和P<0.05)。氟西汀的主要副反应为失眠、焦虑和恶心。结论氟西汀抗抑郁治疗能明显改善PSD患者的抑郁症状和神经功能,且副反应轻。     

Adolescent hyperactivity and general psychopathology

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between activity and psychopathology in adolescents. A total of 289 high school students completed the Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) in December 1998. The WURS was used to measure the students' activity level and the SCL-90-R was used as a measure of general psychopathology. Forty-one students (14.18%) scored higher than 46, the cut-off point for differentiation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from the general population according to Ward's report, in the WURS (WURS(+)). The WURS(+) students scored significantly higher than the WURS(-) students in all the subscales of SCL-90-R. The prevalence rate of adolescent WURS(+) in this study is 14.18%. This result shows that ADHD adolescents have overlapping symptoms with depression.