APT在胶质瘤假性进展与复发鉴别中的应用

目前,高级别胶质瘤术后常辅以放疗或同步放化疗。治疗后呈现的假性进展与肿瘤复发在常规MRI中表现极为相似,两者在临床上难于鉴别。酰胺质子转移（APT）技术通过检查组织中的酰胺质子含量对鉴别两者有较高的敏感性和特异性。就APT在胶质瘤假性进展与复发鉴别中的应用,以及相比动态磁敏感对比增强灌注加权成像（DSC-PWI）、磁共振波谱成像（MRS）、PET技术的优势予以综述。     

Five-year attrition,active enrollment,and predictors of level of participation in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) study

BackgroundReporting high-quality bariatric surgery outcomes depends on participant attrition and level of study participation among enrolled participants.ObjectivesOur aims are to report participant attrition, active enrollment, and level of participation, and to evaluate pre-surgery sociodemographic, physical health, and psychosocial factors as predictors of attrition and level of participation through 5 years.SettingThe Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 study which enrolled 2458 adults undergoing a first bariatric surgical procedure at 1 of 6 US cites from 2006 through 2009.MethodsIn-person research assessments were conducted pre-surgery and annually for five years. Extensive retention strategies including offering remote assessments (telephone, email, mail, or a combination) were fully implemented in 2009. Among living participants, including those inactivated, annual follow-up assessments were categorized as in-person, remote or missed through 5 years.ResultsBy year 5, 1.7% of participants had died and 3.2% had withdrawn or were inactivated by the study staff; thus, attrition was 4.9% (n = 121). Controlling for site and calendar year, missed assessments increased from 14.7%–21.8% between years 1 and 2 and then stayed relatively stable (20.8%–19.6%) for years 3–5. Younger age, male sex, White race, lower body mass index, smoking, illicit drug use, and higher weight loss expectations preoperatively were independently associated with a higher likelihood of a missed versus in-person assessment across follow-up.ConclusionThe LABS-2 participant attrition was low. The percentage of missed assessments did not increase after year 2, perhaps due to implementation of a comprehensive retention plan. Predictors of missed assessments highlight subgroups to target for focused retention efforts.     

A Case Series of Olfactory Dysfunction in Imported COVID-19 Patients: A 12-Month Follow-Up Study

Objective The scientific community knows little about the long-term influence of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19) on olfactory dysfunction(OD). With the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing worldwide, the risk of imported cases remains high. In China, it is necessary to understand OD in imported cases.Methods A prospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 11 self-reported patients with COVID-19 and OD from Xi’an No. 8 Hospital were followed between August 19, 2021, and December 12, 2021.Demographi...     

植入式输液港与外周静脉置入中心静脉导管在化疗患者中长期随访效果观察

目的 观察比较植入式输液港(IVAP)与外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)应用于化疗患者的中长期效果,为血管通路的科学选择提供依据。 方法 选择2014年4月至2015年4月安徽医科大学第一附属医院272例化疗患者为研究对象,根据中心静脉置管方式不同分为IVAP组115例,PICC组157例,置管方式由患者意愿决定。分别对IVAP组和PICC组患者进行跟踪随访,直到导管取出或此项研究结束(2017年4月30日)止,比较两组患者一次性操作成功率、导管相关性并发症、舒适度。 结果 在一次性操作成功率、导管相关症状性血栓、导管相关性感染、堵管、疼痛方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);IVAP组湿疹、异位、总体并发症发生率(0.87%,0.00%,10.43%)均低于PICC组(12.10%,8.28%,33.76%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IVAP组舒适度得分(6.97±0.97)分高于PICC组(5.98±0.58)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 IVAP与PICC均为安全的中心静脉置管方式。在减少并发症和提高患者舒适度方面IVAP优于PICC,临床实际应用时要全面综合评估患者,合理制定置管方案,科学选择血管通路。     

北京市新生儿短链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症筛查、临床特征及基因突变分析

目的：探讨北京市新生儿短链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症（SCADD）的发病率、临床特征及基因突变特点。方法：采用串联质谱法检测2014年8月至2022年3月北京市100?603名新生儿干血斑中酰基肉碱水平,采用气相色谱-质谱法检测尿有机酸,高通量测序检测基因突变。对SCADD确诊患儿进行临床、生化指标检查及基因突变特点分析,并随访患儿的生长发育和智能发育情况。结果：100 603名活产新生儿中初筛丁酰基肉碱（C4）浓度升高或伴C4/丙酰基肉碱（C3）比值升高196名,召回131名新生儿,确诊SCADD患儿5例,SCADD发病率为4.97/10万（1/20?121）。5例确诊患儿均无明显临床表现,血C4及C4/C3比值均增加,其中4例尿乙基丙二酸增加。5例确诊患儿中,ACADS基因检测到7种突变,均为已报道错义突变,其中1例患儿为纯合突变,其余均为复合杂合突变。5例患儿的随访年龄中位数为33（4~40）个月,随访期间均未出现临床症状,体格及智力发育正常。结论：北京市SCADD发病率为1/20?121,通过新生儿筛查确诊的SCADD患儿无明显临床症状,预后较好。     

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻内翻性乳头状瘤效果观察

目的探讨鼻内镜手术治疗鼻内翻性乳头状瘤（NIP）的疗效。方法回顾性分析用鼻内镜手术治疗的29例经病理确诊的NIP病人的临床资料,随访1-7年。结果一次性治愈26例（89.7%）;3例随诊过程中发现复发,鼻内镜下行YAG激光烧灼治疗后治愈。结论经鼻内镜手术是治疗NIP的首选方式,认真选择适应证、肿瘤基底部位的仔细处理和密切的术后随访对治疗成功至关重要。     

妊娠梅毒219例随访分析

目的：分析广州市番禺区妊娠梅毒筛查、诊治、随访情况,为妊娠梅毒管理工作提供改进依据。方法采用回顾调查分析法,对番禺区2011年10月至2013年9月筛查103665例孕妇新发现的219例妊娠梅毒患者随访情况进行统计。结果103665例孕妇中确诊妊娠梅毒219例,妊娠梅毒筛查阳性发生率为0.21％,均为潜伏梅毒;176例患者在孕期进行了1个疗程的治疗,其中33例积极接受2个疗程规范治疗;40例未治疗;3例因电话空号、关机或拒绝无法随访;先天梅毒共14例,发生率为6．4％。结论妊娠梅毒是一种严重母婴传播疾病,经过规范治疗、密切随访、加强宣传教育,提高患者依从性可降低先天梅毒的发生。     

Vigilancia activa de masas renales pequeñas diagnosticadas en pacientes de edad avanzada o con comorbilidad: en busca de la mejor estrategia de tratamiento

IntroductionAim of this study is to provide our results after long-term active surveillance (AS) protocol for small renal masses (SRMs), and to report the outcomes of patients who remained in AS compared to those who underwent delayed surgical intervention.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed our database of 58 patients diagnosed with 60 contrast enhancing SRMs suspicious for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). All patients had clinical and radiological follow-up every 6 months. We evaluated the differences between patients who remained on AS and those who underwent surgical delayed intervention.ResultsThe mean age was 75 years, the mean follow-up was 88.5 months. The median initial tumor size at presentation was 2.6 cm, and the median estimated tumor volume was 8.7 cm³. The median linear growth rate of the cohort was 0.7 cm/year, and the median volumetric growth rate was 8.8 cm³/year. Death for metastatic disease occurred in 2 patients (3.4%). No correlation was found between initial tumor size and size growth rate. The mean linear and volumetric growth rates of the group of patients who underwent surgery was higher than in those who remained on surveillance (1.9 vs. 0.4 cm/year and 16.1 vs. 4.6 cm³/year, respectively; P < .001).ConclusionsMost of SRMs demonstrate to have an indolent course and low metastatic potential. Malignant disease could have faster linear and volumetric growth rates, thus suggesting the need for a delayed surgical intervention. In properly selected patients with low life-expectancy, AS could be a reasonable option in the management of SRMs.     

Reliability of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging findings and their correlation with clinical outcome in patients with sciatica

Background contextGadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) is often performed in the evaluation of patients with persistent sciatica after lumbar disc surgery. However, correlation between enhancement and clinical findings is debated, and limited data are available regarding the reliability of enhancement findings.PurposeTo evaluate the reliability of Gd-MRI findings and their correlation with clinical findings in patients with sciatica.Study designProspective observational evaluation of patients who were enrolled in a randomized trial with 1-year follow-up.Patients samplePatients with 6- to 12-week sciatica, who participated in a multicentre randomized clinical trial comparing an early surgery strategy with prolonged conservative care with surgery if needed. In total 204 patients underwent Gd-MRI at baseline and after 1 year.Outcome measuresPatients were assessed by means of the Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) for sciatica, visual analog scale (VAS) for leg pain, and patient-reported perceived recovery at 1 year. Kappa coefficients were used to assess interobserver reliability.MethodsIn total, 204 patients underwent Gd-MRI at baseline and after 1 year. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were correlated to the outcome measures using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data and Fisher exact tests for categorical data.ResultsPoor-to-moderate agreement was observed regarding Gd enhancement of the herniated disc and compressed nerve root (kappa<0.41), which was in contrast with excellent interobserver agreement of the disc level of the herniated disc and compressed nerve root (kappa>0.95). Of the 59 patients with an enhancing herniated disc at 1 year, 86% reported recovery compared with 100% of the 12 patients with nonenhancing herniated discs (p=.34). Of the 12 patients with enhancement of the most affected nerve root at 1 year, 83% reported recovery compared with 85% of the 192 patients with no enhancement (p=.69). Patients with and without enhancing herniated discs or nerve roots at 1 year reported comparable outcomes on RDQ and VAS-leg pain.ConclusionsReliability of Gd-MRI findings was poor-to-moderate and no correlation was observed between enhancement and clinical findings at 1-year follow-up.