Cloning,functional expression,and characterization of an edema-producing Asp-49 phospholipase A2 from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus

The snake-bite of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus can cause severe edema and result in complications. Snake venom phospholipase A₂s are the major components responsible for causing edema. Therefore, understanding the edema-producing mechanism induced by the venom of T. mucrosquamatus can be important in treating the edema. In order to study the edema-producing effect, a venom Asp-49 phospholipase A₂ (TMV-D49-PLA₂) was cloned, sequenced, and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. This expressed venom protein demonstrated specific phospholipase activities both in the digestion of lecithin in vitro and in inducing edema in rats in vivo. Therefore, the cloning and functional expression of the recombinant edema-producing protein are critical steps and should allow further characterization of the functional motifs responsible for both the edema-inducing activity and the development of therapeutic antiserum against the edema effect of the snake venom proteins.     

脑出血后铁代谢异常

脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH)是一种临床常见的高致残率和高死亡率的脑血管病.大量临床和实验研究表明,ICH后血肿周围脑组织铁代谢异常是造成脑水肿和神经细胞凋亡等继发性脑损伤的重要原因,是影响患者转归的重要因素.文章对ICH后铁代谢异常及其意义进行了综述.     

水肿辨治

外邪侵袭或禀赋不足,水湿停聚,溢于肌肤,引发水肿,亦可见于现代医学的多种疾病中。西医治疗疗程长,易反复,用药复杂,副作用明显,价格昂贵。中医辨证论治,中药汤剂、针刺、灸法各具特色,疗程短,疗效显著,无副作用,易于接受,值得推广。     

Edema and fluid dynamics in connective tissue remodelling

The review describes the role of loose connective tissues with focus on transcapillary exchange and edema formation with relevance for inflammation, fibrosis and tumors. Based on studies in these tissues, comparisons are made to the fibrotic processes in the heart.     

肾舒宁口服液治疗慢性肾功能不全早期尿毒症84例临床观察

目的探讨中药制剂肾舒宁口服液治疗慢性肾功能不全（CRI）早期尿毒症的临床疗效。方法将CRI早期尿毒症患者152例随机分为两组，治疗组84例在基础治疗的基础上给予肾舒宁口服液，对照组68例在基础治疗的基础上给予包醛氧淀粉，两组均连续服用60d；观察两组治疗后临床症状、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血浆白蛋白（A1b）及血脂改善情况。结果治疗组总有效率88．10％，对照组为70．59％，两组疗效差异有显著性；治疗组BUN、Scr改善优于对照组，其血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）降低较对照组明显。结论肾舒宁口服液对CRI早期尿毒症患者有较好疗效，能显著降低血脂，改善患者临床症状．     

半规管开窗放置链霉素对正常和膜迷路积水耳的内耳功能和形态学影响

为探索临床应用氨基甙类药物治疗病的途径和可行性，对豚鼠正常耳和人工造成膜迷路积水耳行外半规管开窗放置硫酸链霉素后的内耳功能和形态进行观察。结果表明开窗放药后正常耳耳蜗电图（ＥＣｏｃｈＧ）动作电位（ＡＰ）阈值无变化，积水耳ＡＰ阈值升高，正常耳和积水耳冰水试验眼震消失。光镜下正常耳给药后三个半规管壶腹嵴和椭圆囊斑前庭上皮严重受损，耳蜗毛细胞正常；积水耳用药后前庭上皮受损更重，部分变性、萎缩，耳蜗底回及部分第二回毛细胞亦受损。揭示在膜迷路积水状态下对链霉素的耳毒敏感性增加。     

Involvement of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

To examine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the development of edema associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we exploited animal model systems to detect the activity that induces vascular hyper-permeability (VHP) using cultured AIDS-KS spindle cells. Cultured AIDS-KS spindle cells and conditioned medium (AIDS-KS-CM) that had been semi-purified through a heparin affinity column were tested for the ability to induce VHP in animals. The AIDS-KS spindle cells and AIDS-KS-CM induced VHP that was histamine-independent. The VHP-inducing activity was detected in the 0.5 M NaCl fraction from the heparin affinity column and was blocked by anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody. In addition, the production of VEGF was demonstrated in fresh AIDS-KS tissue as well as in cultured AIDS-KS cells, while control cells were negative for VEGF production. From these observations, we concluded that AIDS-KS cells produce a factor(s) that promotes VHP, and this factor could be VEGF.     

阿佐塞米治疗心、肝、肾等疾患引起的水肿或腹水的临床疗效和安全性

目的:研究髓袢利尿剂阿佐塞米治疗心、肝、肾等疾患引起水肿或腹水的临床疗效和安全性.方法:采用随机、盲法、多中心、呋塞米对照方法,将223例符合入选标准的患者(心性水肿92例、肝性水肿63例、肾性水肿68例)随机分入阿佐塞米组和呋塞米组,心性和肾性水肿患者每日一次口服阿佐塞米30 mg或呋塞米20 mg,肝性腹水患者每日一次口服阿佐塞米60 mg或呋塞米40 mg.3日末如利尿未达有效者药物剂量增加,心性和肾性水肿患者至阿佐塞米60 mg或呋塞米40 mg,肝性腹水患者阿佐塞米每日90 mg或呋塞米每日60 mg,直至2周末.结果:2周末,阿佐塞米、呋塞米组体重均较治疗前显著下降,体重下降(2.87±3.10)kg和(2.81±2.84)kg;消肿有效率为89.19%和89.81%;纠正心功能不全有效率为64.44%和66.66%;24 h尿量增加(321.85±669.52)ml和(273.80±645.72)ml;B超测定治疗腹水有效率为89.28%和86.66%;腹围减少(5.20±3.58)cm和(5.03±3.74)cm.两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).两组不良反应发生率分别为23.01%和21.01%,主要表现为低血钾、血尿酸升高、甘油三酯升高、口干和ALT升高等.结论:阿佐塞米片30～90 mg每日一次口服治疗2周,疗效及安全性与20～60 mg呋塞米片一致;对心、肝、肾性水肿或腹水有显著的消肿利尿、改善心功能、减少腹水的作用,是一种有效、耐受性良好的治疗药物.     

脑转移瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断(附13例分析)

目的　探讨CT对转移瘤的诊断价值 ,提高脑内转移瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断的认识。方法　回顾性分析了 13例经病理或临床确诊脑转移瘤的CT表现。结果　 13例中共检出 4 0个病灶 ;多发 9例 ,占70 % ;单发 4例 ,占 30 % ;CT平扫呈等、低或等低混杂密度 9例 ,占 70 % ;高密度或高低混杂密度灶 4例 ,占30 % ,全部病例平扫后均行增强扫描 ,等密度部分均有中度或明显变化 ,呈环状或结节样强化。 11例有明显灶周水肿 ,2例有轻度水肿。 8例原发灶在肺 ,2例原发灶为乳腺癌 ,2例为鼻咽癌 ,1例为胃癌。结论　资料表明 ,CT对脑内转移瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断有可靠的准确性。颅外肿瘤的查找有助于脑内肿瘤的鉴别诊断 ,特别是肺部的CT检查非常必要