The problem of rickets in UK Asians

A large body of work relating to the occurrence of rickets in UK Asians is reviewed. Several theories of the aetiology of this condition are shown to be untenable: it is not exclusively a function of sunlight deprivation or of darker pigmentation; nor is it simply due to phytate-induced losses of calcium from the gut. Asian rickets, however, is associated with a high consumption of cereals, and experiments with rats have suggested a mechanism. In the absence of adequate vitamin D from sunlight, the low-calcium, high cereal intake of the UK Asian population may induce a state of mild secondary hyperparathyroidism which enhances the destruction of vitamin D and leads to a progressive reduction in vitamin D status and, ultimately, to the development of clinical rickets.     

P16MTS1、P27KIP1基因在胆管癌组织中的表达研究

目的：探讨P16^MIS1,P27^KIP1基因与胆管癌临床病理的关系。方法：采用免疫组化方法，检测48例胆管癌和8例伴慢性炎症的胆管壁组织中P16^MIS1,P27^KIP1蛋白表达情况。结果：（1）胆管癌中P16^MIS1,P27^KIP1阳性表达率分别为47．9％和35．4％，而伴炎症的胆管组织阳性表达率为100％和87．5％；（2）P16^MIS1,P27KIP1蛋白表达与胆管癌的分化程度，有无淋巴结或远处转移以及临床分期呈显著相关性。结论：P16^MIS1,P27^KIP1多基因表达异常可能与胆管癌的发生发展有关，是衡量胆管癌预后的有用指标。     

雷公藤对肾病综合征患者血浆中PAI-1的影响

雷公藤做为传统中药,多年来用于治疗肾病患者的蛋白尿、血尿,具有激素样抗炎、免疫抑制作用。肾病综合征患者血浆中PAI-1水平增高,细胞外基质增多,我们用雷公藤治疗这类患者,观察血浆中PAI-1的变化。1材料与方法1.1 研究对象 原发性肾病综合征患者30例,男16例,女14例,年龄14-67岁,平均38.6岁。按是否使用雷公藤分为治疗前组和治疗后组。30例患者均符合肾病综合征的诊断标准,并排除继发性肾病综合征,30例患者均行肾穿刺活检。     

内皮素与P-选择素在冠心病中的意义

目的：研究内皮素（ET－1）、P－选择素、肌钙蛋白I（CTn1)在急性心肌梗死（AMI）和不稳定性心绞痛（UA）中的意义，方法：用放射免疫法测ET－1，流式细胞术测定P－选择素，Access化学发光测CTn1，共检测23例AMI患、21例UA患及28例健康对照。结果：AMI组的ET－1、P－选择素、CTn1值均显高于对照组（P＜0．05－0．005）；UA组的ET－1、P－选择素显高于对照组（P＜0．05）；UA组的CTn1与对照组差异无显性（P＞0．05）；UA组的P－选择素、CTn1显低于AMI组（P＜0．05）。多元回归分析发现P－选择与CTn1相关，相关系数r=0.404，P＜0．01。结论：ET－1、P－选择素是检测血栓前状态的敏感指标。     

飞行人员380例异常B超检查结果分析

目的　正确分析异常B超检查 ,提高航空卫生保障工作质量。方法　应用PHILIPSSD 2 4 0型超声诊断仪对疗养飞行人员 ,进行腹部各脏器检查。结果　 380例异常B超检查结果中 12 8例为首次确诊 ;异常B超共诊断出疾病 14种 ,其中脂肪肝、泌尿系结石、胆囊息肉占前 3位 ;且随着年龄的增长 ,阳性率逐渐增高。结论　B超诊断对飞行人员的健康鉴定具有重要作用 ,建议将B超检查作为大体检必查项目     

感染患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子含量的变化及其对脑梗死的影响

目的：探讨感染合并脑梗死患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子（sICAM-1)的变化及临床意义。方法：采用双抗体（ELISA）法测定50例感染合并脑梗死患者血清中sICAM-1的含量，并与30例脑梗死患者和30例健康人对照。结果：感染合并脑梗死患者急性期血清sICAM-1的水平明显高于对照组。结论：感染合并脑梗死时sICAM-1的表达明显升高，sICAM-1水平的增高加重了脑梗死的发生发展。     

头孢呋辛酯制备工艺的改进

以头孢呋辛钠为原料，从制备（R，S）-乙酸1-溴乙酯开始。经酯化反应的溶剂沉淀过程无须分离直接制得高纯度非晶型的头孢呋辛酯。本制备方法简便，适于工为化生产。     

Lymphokine activated killer cells in murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells were involved in the development of coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis in both the acute viremic (Experiment I) and the subacute aviremic (Experiment II) stages. To induce LAK cells, recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered to CB3-infected mice subcutaneously daily, starting on day 0 in Experiment I and on day 7 in Experiment II for 7 days, respectively. The treated groups were compared to infected controls. Splenic lymphocytes of IL-2 treated mice were further cultured in vitro in IL-2 containing medium for 7 days, and LAK cell activity, i.e., cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes against EL-4 tumor cells and against cultured fetal myocytes, was assayed by⁵¹Cr-release method. In Experiment I, histologic scores, myocardial virus titers, and LAK cell activity did not differ significantly between IL-2 treated and untreated groups. In contrast, in Experiment II, there were more cellular infiltration associated with severe necrosis and higher LAK cell activity against EL-4 cells and cultured myocytes in IL-2 treated than in untreated groups. The presence of LAK cells was demonstrated in the subacute stage of murine CB3 myocarditis. Thus, the behavior of LAK cell activity may vary with the course of myocarditis, and enhanced LAK cell activity may be involved in the development of the disease.This work was supported by research grants from the Conference on Coronary Artery Disease, Japanese Education of Science and Walfare (Nos. 08877110 and 09470164), Kanae Shinyaku Foundation, and Japan Cardiovascular Research Foundation.     

Hereditary angio-oedema: new clinical observations and autoimmune screening, complement and kallikrein-kinin analyses

Objectives. To study clinical and laboratory manifestations of hereditary angio-oedema (HAE).
Subjects. Thirty-three affected members of a kindred of 63.
Results. Oedematous attacks in the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract with fluid displacement were elicited by mental and physical stress, minor traumas, dental and surgical procedures, eruption of teeth, tonsillitis, pregnancies, and use of oestrogen-containing pills including menopausal substitution. Every adult woman with symptomatic HAE ( n =11) showed symptoms of urinary tract infections in conjunction with the attacks ( P = 0.010), and also experienced more spontaneous abortions or premature labours ( P =0.037) than healthy relatives. Patients with HAE of both sexes more frequently reported heartburn or peptic ulcers ( P =0.002). Rheumatic complaints were reported by 53% of HAE patients and 12% of their unaffected relatives ( P =0.013), but biochemical screening for 18 autoantibodies and quantitation of immunoglobulins did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups. C3, prekallikrein, total kininogen, high molecular weight kininogen (HK), alpha-2-macroglobulin and factor XII were not significantly different in HAE patients. In contrast, levels of C1-INH and C4 were depressed and cleaved HK increased in patients compared to unaffected relatives.
Conclusions. HAE manifests in a variety of ways, and may influence risk of spontaneous abortions and premature labour.     

Evidence for a human IgG1 class switch program

In activated murine B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin class switch recombination occurs as a highly regulated process which is targeted to distinct switch regions. Here we present first evidence that in human B lymphocytes, switch recombination is targeted to distinct switch regions as well. In a panel of clonally unrelated IgG1-expressing human B cells, immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation, seven out of nine cells show switch recombination between Sμ and Sγ1 on both alleles, the active and inactive one. The remaining cells show no switch recombination on the inactive IgH locus. The very strong correlation of switch recombination on both alleles of IgG1-expressing cells proves that class switch recombination to IgG1 is not random but directed in human B lymphocytes.