Effect of pulsating local negative pressure with oxygen on bioelectrical activity of the uterus in pregnant albino rats with intrauterine streptococcal infection

Bloodborne intrauterine streptococcal infection of albino rats during pregnancy (implantation, placentation) leads to disturbances of uterine bioelectrical activity which are restored to normal by treatment with pulsating local negative pressure together with periodic administration of oxygen.Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Normal Physiology, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. D. Timakov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 528–531, May, 1978.     

Investigating the relationship between social care supply and healthcare utilization by older people in England

Since 2010, adult social care spending in England has fallen significantly in real terms whilst demand has risen. Reductions in social care supply may also have impacted demand for NHS services, particularly for those whose care is provided at the interface of the health and care systems. We analyzed a panel dataset of 150 local authorities (councils) to test potential impacts on hospital utilization by people aged 65 and over: emergency admission rates for falls and hip fractures (“front‐door” measures); and extended stays of 7 days or longer; and 21 days or longer (“back‐door” measures). Changes in social care supply were assessed in two ways: gross current expenditure (per capita 65 and over) adjusted by local labor costs and social care workforce (per capita 18 and over). We ran negative binomial models, controlling for deprivation, ethnicity, age, unpaid care, council class, and year effects. To account for potential endogeneity, we ran instrumental variable regressions and dynamic panel models. Sensitivity analysis explored potential effects of funding for integrated care (the Better Care Fund). There was no consistent evidence that councils with higher per capita spend or higher social care staffing rates had lower hospital admission rates or shorter hospital stays.     

国产盐酸氯普鲁卡因临床效应分析

目的 分析研究国产盐酸氯普卡因冻干粉与针剂分别应用于硬膜外麻醉、臂丛神经阻滞、局部浸润麻醉的效果。方法 采用随机双盲目的方法分组进行研究。硬膜外麻醉45例,分为3组（每组15例）：Ⅰ组1．7％利多卡因,Ⅱ组氯普鲁卡因粉剂稀释为3％,Ⅲ组3％氯普鲁卡因针剂;臂丛神经阻滞40例,分为4组（每组10例）;I组1．33％利多卡因,Ⅱ组2％普鲁卡因,Ⅲ组氯普鲁卡因粉剂稀释为2％,Ⅳ组2％氯普鲁卡因针刺;局部浸润麻醉30例（每例10例）分为3组：Ⅰ组1％普鲁卡因,Ⅱ组氯普鲁卡因粉剂稀释为1％,Ⅲ组1％氯普鲁卡因针剂。结果 硬膜外组中除Ⅲ组运动消失时间明显短于Ⅰ组外（P＜0．05）,其余指标无明显统计学差异;臂全神经阻滞组中,实验组疼痛恢复及运动恢复时间少于对照组I组,有统计学差异（P＜0．01）,实验组Ⅲ组疼痛及运动恢复时间均比对照组Ⅱ组长（P＜0．05）;局部浸润麻醉组中两实验组疼痛消失迅速,疼痛恢复时间均长于对照组,Ⅲ组短于Ⅱ组。结论 国产盐酸氯普鲁卡因麻醉起效迅速,性能稳定,粉剂比针剂更佳;作用维持时间介于盐酸普鲁卡因与利多卡因之间。     

蠕变局部损伤开裂的有限元模型

建立了蠕变局部损伤法模型,并给出单元进入损伤态的判据和失效的临界拉伸应变条件,局部蠕变损伤理论的实质就是试样是多种不同蠕变性能材料的统一,并由蠕变应力再分布得到证实,应用有限元对双缺口圆试样作了蠕变局部损伤分析,启裂时间和断裂蠕变应变值均与实验结果相吻合。     

胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗与全身静脉化疗的临床疗效比较

目的　评价胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗药物的临床疗效。方法　对 40例经病理确诊的胃癌患者 (治疗组 )于术中经供应肿瘤的区域动脉行插管化疗 ,同时进行手术治疗 ,并与同期术中行全身静脉化疗的 2 4例胃癌患者 (对照组 )进行临床疗效比较。结果　术后病理检查显示 ,治疗组原发灶中的癌细胞均有不同程度地变性坏死 ,其近期有效率为 95 % ,对照组有效率为 41.6 7% ,两组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　胃癌患者术中经动脉灌注化疗 ,其近期抗癌效果好 ,毒副反应轻 ,对减少或防止术中癌细胞的医源性扩散与种植以及术后复发 ,均有重要的临床意义     

保留假体的序贯疗法治疗骨肿瘤保肢术后假体周围感染

目的探索应用保留假体的"多米诺"序贯疗法治疗骨肿瘤保肢术后假体周围感染的注意事项和临床疗效。方法收集并回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年1月共11例采用保留假体的序贯疗法治疗骨肿瘤保肢术后假体周围感染患者资料,其中男8例,女3例;年龄(51.82±15.57)岁(范围21~74岁)。股骨远端肿瘤膝假体6例,胫骨近端肿瘤膝假体2例,骨盆假体感染2例,股骨中段假体1例。术前8例发热,2例出现窦道。序贯疗法治疗失败定义为:感染复发。治疗方法为保留假体的清创灌洗同时全身联合局部应用药物敏感的抗生素,评估患者的血常规、C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率等指标,手术部位X线及CT扫描,并进行国际骨肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,MSTS)评分。结果微生物培养阳性率72.7%(8/11),其中金黄色葡萄球菌2例,表皮葡萄球菌1例,耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌1例,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌1例,鲍曼不动杆菌2例,停乳链球菌(C群)1例。治疗前及治疗后末次随访时MSTS评分由(10.91±2.31)分提升至(20.73±3.52)分,差异有统计学意义(t=7.162,P<0.05)。3例序贯治疗感染控制失败,手术成功率72.7%(8/11),其中1例截肢,1例长期创面换药,1例改用抗生素骨水泥联合髓内钉反向双插技术控制感染。结论对临床感染症状短于1个月的骨肿瘤保肢术后假体周围感染,采用保留假体的"多米诺"序贯疗法治疗可取的较好的早中期临床疗效。     

Wide Awake Open Carpal Tunnel Release: The Effect of Local Anesthetics in the Postoperative Outcome

Introduction  Wide awake open carpal tunnel decompression is a procedure performed under local anesthesia. This study aimed to present the effect of various local anesthetics in peri and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing this procedure. Materials and Methods  A total of 140 patients, with 150 hands involved, underwent carpal tunnel release under local anesthesia. Patients were divided in five groups according to local anesthetic administered: lidocaine 2%, ropivacaine 0.75%, ropivacaine 0.375%, chirocaine 0.5%, and chirocaine 0.25%. Total 400 mg of gabapentin were administered to a subgroup of 10 cases from each group (50 cases totally), 12 hours before surgery. Patients were evaluated immediately, 2 weeks and 2 months after surgery according to VAS pain score, grip strength, and two-point discrimination. Results  In all patients, pain and paresthesia improved significantly postoperatively, while the use of gabapentin did not affect outcomes. Grip strength recovered and exceeded the preoperative value 2 months after surgery, without any difference between the groups. No case of infection, hematoma, or revision surgery was reported. Conclusion  Recovery after open carpal tunnel release appears to be irrelevant of the type of local anesthetic used during the procedure. Solutions of low local anesthetic concentration (lidocaine 2%, ropivacaine 0.375%, and chirocaine 0.25%) provide adequate intraoperative analgesia without affecting the postoperative course.     

Regional anaesthesia for labour,operative vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery: a narrative review

This narrative review discusses recent evidence surrounding the use of regional anaesthesia in the obstetric setting, including intrapartum techniques for labour and operative vaginal delivery, and caesarean delivery. Pudendal nerve blockade, ideally administered by an obstetrician, should be considered for operative vaginal delivery if neuraxial analgesia is contraindicated. Regional techniques are increasingly utilised in clinical practice for caesarean delivery to minimise opioid consumption, reduce pain, improve postpartum recovery and facilitate earlier discharge as part of enhanced recovery protocols. The evidence surrounding transversus abdominis plane and quadratus lumborum blockade supports their use when: long-acting neuraxial opioids cannot be administered due to contraindications; if emergency delivery necessitates general anaesthesia; or as a postoperative rescue technique. Current data suggest quadratus lumborum blockade is no more effective than transversus abdominis plane blockade after caesarean delivery. Transversus abdominis plane blockade, wound catheter insertion and single shot wound infiltration are all effective techniques for reducing postoperative opioid consumption, with transversus abdominis plane blockade favoured, followed by wound catheters and then wound infiltration. Ilio-inguinal and iliohypogastric, erector spinae plane and rectus sheath blockade all require further studies to determine their efficacy for caesarean delivery in the presence or absence of long-acting neuraxial opioids. Future studies are needed to: compare approaches for individual techniques; determine which combinations of techniques and dosing regimens result in optimal analgesic and recovery outcomes following delivery; and elucidate the populations that benefit most from regional anaesthesia in the obstetric setting.