益气清热活血方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎及其癌前期病变的临床研究

目的 气虚血瘀热郁是慢性萎缩性胃炎及胃癌前期病变的病理基础,制定益气活血清热方,设胃宁冲剂为阳性对照组,观察该方对慢性萎缩性胃炎及其癌前期病变的临床疗效。方法 治疗组64例,对照组63例,3个月为1个疗程,服药2个疗程。结果 治疗组3个月、6个月有效率为75.0%、95.3%,均显著高于对照组的52.4%、63.5%（P＜0.01）;治疗组对胃镜、萎缩、肠化的疗效均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,而对炎症的改善作用2组差异无显著性。治疗后2组症状积分比较,治疗组痞满、纳差、嗳气、便溏积分及总积分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后治疗组萎缩、肠化、异型增生积分均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0.01）,对照组萎缩、肠化积分也较治疗前显著下降（P＜0.05）,而治疗组积分又显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 益气活血清热方对慢性萎缩性胃炎及其癌前期病变有较好的临床疗效。     

基于熵权法评价干燥方法对经典名方华盖散基准样品质量属性的影响

目的 优选经典名方华盖散基准样品的干燥方法。方法 采用真空干燥、真空带式干燥、喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥方法制备华盖散基准样品,应用扫描电子显微镜、差式扫描量热分析、HPLC等方法测定基准样品的质量属性,以得粉率、玻璃化转变温度及成分含量转移率等为评价指标,运用熵权法对各指标赋予权重进行综合评价。结果 喷雾干燥基准样品粒子呈类球形、粒径最小,冷冻干燥基准样品不规则、蓬松、溶化性好。指标成分盐酸麻黄总碱、苦杏仁苷、橙皮苷、甘草苷、甘草酸转移率分别为85.66%～104.78%、90.81%～104.16%、91.42%～94.86%、83.98%～94.69%、87.85%～94.45%,指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论 经综合评价得出冷冻干燥方法最佳,3批验证工艺重复性、可行性较好,为经典名方基准样品质量属性研究提供了理论依据和实践价值。     

大黄-黄芪组分自微乳的制备及在体肠吸收特性研究

目的 研究大黄-黄芪多组分自微乳的处方与制备工艺,评价制剂质量,并考察其大鼠肠吸收特性。方法 通过溶解度实验、油相与乳化剂和助乳化剂配伍实验及伪三元相图的绘制,筛选出最优处方组成;并从自微乳的外观、形态、粒径、稳定性等方面对自微乳进行评价。通过大鼠在体单向肠灌流实验考察自微乳的肠吸收特性。结果 自微乳处方中油相为辛酸癸酸单双甘油酯、乳化剂为聚氧乙烯蓖麻油35、助乳化剂为乙二醇。在微乳形成区选择各辅料用量,采用适宜方法加入大黄总蒽醌及黄芪总皂苷制得的组分自微乳,外观均一透明,加水分散后形成黄色乳光的微乳液,透射电镜显微镜（transmission electron microscopy,TEM）下观察到微乳分散均匀,无黏连,呈大小均一圆球形乳滴;平均粒径为（33.01±0.12）nm、多分散指数（polydispersion index,PDI）为0.10±0.02、电位为（-10.10±1.00）m V;自微乳中大黄总蒽醌和黄芪总皂苷质量分数分别为6.29、8.80 mg/g。自微乳中大黄总蒽醌在十二指肠、空肠段的吸收速率常数（Ka）及表观吸收系数（Papp）较回肠段均有显著提高;黄芪...     

解毒定痛方预防骨转移瘤放疗爆发痛的临床疗效观察

目的:探析解毒定痛方预防骨转移瘤放疗爆发痛的临床治疗效果。方法:选取2019年8月—2020年9月河北省沧州中西医结合医院收治的恶性肿瘤骨转移患者120例,按照随机数字表法分成实验组与对照组。对照组接受常规药物治疗,实验组在此基础上服用解毒定痛方,对比两组患者治疗前、治疗1周、治疗2周、治疗3周、治疗4周、治疗后1周、治疗后2周、治疗后1月的生活质量(QOL-C30)量表评分、疼痛评分、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和白介素-8(IL-8)水平及不良反应的情况。结果:治疗前,两组患者CRP、IL-8、疼痛评分和QOL-C30评分对比无差异(P_均0.05);治疗1周～治疗后2周,两组患者的CRP水平呈逐步降低趋势,且组间对比差异有统计学意义(P_均0.05);治疗2周～治疗后2周,两组患者的CRP、IL-8、疼痛评分和QOL-C30各项评分呈逐步改善趋势,且组间对比有统计学意义(P_均0.05);治疗后1月,两组患者的CRP、IL-8、疼痛评分和QOL-C30各项评分呈逐步改善趋势,且优于治疗前、治疗1周、治疗2周、治疗3周和治疗4周,组间对比有统计学意义(P_均0.05)。实验组疼痛缓解有效率96.67%,中医症状治疗有效率为90.0%,均优于对照组的78.33%和73.33%(P_均0.05)。结论:解毒定痛方能有效减低骨转移瘤患者的CRP和IL-8的水平,改善患者放疗爆发痛的疗效,提升患者生活质量,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

《伤寒杂病论》合方运用探讨

重点阐述了《伤寒杂病论》所创合方的这一方剂变化的特殊形式及其运用。并对合方的源流,涵义,组方原则,作用及意义进行了探讨。认为合方虽源于《内经》,但成形于《伤寒杂病论》。合方具有单方所不具备的优势和疗效,如治疗面广,作用性强,产生新疗效,调整作用功能等。     

由复方中单一组分微小效应引发的对中西医结合理论的思考

“霰弹理论”认为中药作用机制和途径表现为多向性、多层面、多靶点的药理学特点 ,这些特点决定了中药复方中任何一种单一组分均可具有微小的生物学效应。在药物组分之间的相互作用中 ,除了少数已证明具有受体效应的组分外 ,多数组分是微效组分 ,即 :中药药效 =A B C …N个微小效应的累加作用。对某一组分不能忽略其生物学的微小效应 ,也不能采用简单的检测手段和数学统计方法分析微小效应。采用细胞培养的方法结合数学概率论将组分的微小生物学效应合并成机体的整体的生物学效应 ,可以解决实验医学与中医结合中遇到的理论与实际相脱节、实验研究结果与临床效果相背离等问题。     

川芎嗪及其配伍对犬肺动脉高压血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨川芎嗪等药物对动力性肺动脉高压犬血流动力学影响。方法 利用幼犬肺动脉高压模型,经ＳｗａｎＧａｎｚ导管输入川芎嗪及其配伍观察其对体、肺循环血流动力学影响。结果 单用川芎嗪可降低肺动脉压,但作 弱,川芎嗪与黄芪,参麦等配伍后,降低肺动脉压作用增强,且降低体动脉压作用不及肺动脉压显。结论 川芎嗪与黄芪、参麦合用,对肺循环有较好选择性。     

Engagement with arts and culture activities in the Danish general population: Longitudinal associations with new onset or persistent depression and mental wellbeing

Objectives

International literature suggests that arts and culture activities may benefit mental health, however, such survey studies conducted in the Danish population are scarce. Further, studies have investigated the associated risk for incident depression, but not for persistent depression. The objective of the current prospective study was to assess associations of engagement in arts and culture activities with incident/persistent depression and also mental wellbeing among Danish adults in the general population.

Design

Observational prospective study.

Methods

Data stem from a Danish nationally representative panel study of 5000 adults (aged 15+ years) conducted in 2019 and 2020, which was linked to Danish register data. An exposure variable was constructed for frequency of attending concerts, theatres, museums, and cinemas. Validated scales were used to assess the presence of depression (PHQ-8) and levels of mental wellbeing (SWEMWBS). Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk of incident depression (among participants free of depression at baseline), as well as the risk of persistent depression (among participants with depression at baseline), while multinomial logistic regression was used to assess odds for moderate and high mental wellbeing (low as base outcome) while adjusting for baseline values.

Result

In terms of incident depression, quarterly engagement in arts and culture activities (compared to never) was associated with an OR of .43 (95%CI .23–.80), while 8 times or more was associated with an OR of .53 (.29–.97). In terms of persistent depression, quarterly engagement was associated with an OR of .30 (.10–.90), while 8 times per year or more was associated with an OR of .26 (.07–.92). Similar to the patterns for incident/persistent depression, associations with moderate mental wellbeing showed higher odds for quarterly engagement and 8 times per year or more. Quarterly engagement was also associated with higher odds for high mental wellbeing but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

The results support the involvement of the cultural and creative sectors in health strategies. Mental health promotion initiatives as well as arts and culture sectors may encourage the general public to engage in arts and culture activities with frequencies of at least once per quarter.     

The ACT heroin trial: intellectual, practical and political challenges

An array of intellectual, practical and political challenges will be faced both if the Australian Capital Territory "heroin trial" does or does not eventuate. The intellectual challenges include the development of new methodologies and analytical tools for some of the outcome measures; the further development of a research process which involves all the relevant disciplines and interest groups; and capitalizing on an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the pharmacokinetics of heroin. The practicalities of setting up a trial also present a number of challenges, as does incorporating a health development approach. Political challenges include getting a sensible decision made about the trial, avoiding capture of the debate by supporters or opponents of drug law reform and avoiding unrealistic expectations. The major challenge if the trial does not go ahead is to implement other well-considered proposals which can be carefully evaluated.